The Syrian civil war has been at the center of global politics for a long time. After the fall of the Bashar al-Assad regime, a transitional government was established. It has attracted the attention of many countries and international organizations, indicating the beginning of diplomatic relations and the reconstruction of a new Syria.

The aim of this paper is to analyze Syria's choice to change or maintain its international alliances after the regime change using the role theory and the shelter theory. The research questions are: what directions did the new Syria choose in its relations with international actors? And how do other countries react after Syria changes its leadership? To answer these questions, we collect data from two periods: the post-Arab Spring period (2011–2023) and the new regime (from November 15th, 2024, to April 17th, 2025).

The results of the paper show that the new Syria conducts its foreign policy according to two principles. First, Syria acts and carries out actions that serve the interests of the Syrian people. Second, Syria is open to diverse bilateral relations and multilateral cooperation with international organizations. This demonstrates that the new regime aims to establish Syria as a de facto sovereign state and reintegrate it into the international community. However, it is too soon to determine clearly whether there has been a thorough change in foreign policy orientation.

The presented findings may be affected by future external factors such as political events, such as potential coups, armed conflicts, or the involvement of superpowers.