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Samband Mellan Processparametrar och Mikrostruktur av PBF-EB Tillverkat Ti-6Al-4V
University West, Department of Engineering Science.
University West, Department of Engineering Science.
2025 (Swedish)Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 15 credits / 22,5 HE creditsStudent thesisAlternative title
Relationship Between Process Parameters and Microstructure of PBF-EB Manufactured Ti-6Al-4V (English)
Abstract [sv]

Detta examensarbete syftade till att undersöka materialegenskaper hos provstavar av titanlegeringen Ti-6Al-4V, tillverkade med Powder Bed Fusion-Electron Beam (PBF-EB).

Specifikt var studiens syfte att undersöka hur olika smältstrategier, punkt- och linjesmältning, påverkar mikrostrukturen och hur denna i sin tur är relaterad till materialegenskaper. Vid tidigare dragprov hade provstavar tillverkade med punktsmältningsstrategin en tendens att uppvisa brott på oväntade områden, vilket gjorde det särskilt avgörande att dessutom analysera hur materialegenskaperna varierar längs med provstavarna.

Studien omfattade mikrostrukturell analys för att karaktärisera α-lameller och porositet. Vidare genomfördes hårdhetstester genom Vickers hårdhetsmetod, medan röntgentomografi användes för att analysera porositet. Slutligen analyserades även medeltemperaturensfördelningen under tillverkningsprocessen för att identifiera dess korrelation med hårdhet och α-lamellbredd.

För att genomföra dessa undersökningar krävdes flera förberedande åtgärder. Inledningsvis valdes två provstavar som befann sig på samma höjd under tillverkningsprocessen, varav den ena tillverkats med punktsmältning och den andra med linjesmältning. Dessa kapades och undersöktes i två plan, längs provstavarnas längdriktning och vinkelrätt mot denna. Därefter kapades ytterligare två provstavar och undersöktes längs med deras längd.

För varje provstav som analyserades uppvisade punktmältningsprovet en högre genomsnittlig hårdhet, men även en lägre bredd på α-lamellerna. Dessutom noterades en lägre porositet för punktsmältningsproven.

Vidare observationer visade att mikrostrukturen, hårdheten, porositetsandelen och medeltemperaturen varierade längs provstavarna. Med beaktande av dessa variationer kan det konstateras att materialet uppvisar en viss grad av inhomogenitet, vilket innebär att det följaktligen inte uppfyller förväntade egenskapskrav. Detta kan i sin tur leda till att brott uppstår på slumpmässiga områden under dragprovning. Resultaten indikerar således ett behov av optimerade processparametrar under tillverkning, alternativt behov av värmebehandlingar såsom HIP (Varm isostatisk pressning).

Abstract [en]

This thesis aimed to investigate the material properties of test bars of the titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V, manufactured using Powder Bed Fusion-Electron Beam (PBF-EB). The purpose of the study was specifically to investigate how different scan strategies, point and line melting, affect the microstructure and how this in turn is related to material properties.

In previous tensile tests, test bars manufactured using the spot melting strategy had a tendency to exhibit breakage in unexpected areas, which made it particularly crucial to additionally analyze how the material properties vary along the test bars.The study included microstructural analysis to characterize α-laths and porosity. Furthermore, hardness tests were performed using the Vickers hardness method, while X-ray tomography was used to analyze porosity. Finally, the average temperature distribution during the manufacturing process was also analyzed to identify its correlation with hardness and the width of α-laths.

To carry out these investigations, several preparatory measures were required. Initially, two test bars were selected that were at the same height during the manufacturing process, one of which was manufactured by spot melting and the other by line melting. These were cut and examined in two planes, along the longitudinal direction of the test bars and perpendicular to it. Then, two more test bars were cut and examined along their length.For each test bar analyzed, the spot melting sample showed a higher average hardness, but also a lower width of the α-laths. In addition, a lower porosity was noted for the spot melting samples.

Further observations showed that the microstructure, hardness, porosity fraction and average temperature varied along the test bars. Taking these variations into account, it can be concluded that the material exhibits a certain degree of inhomogeneity, which means that it consequently does not meet expected property requirements. This in turn can lead to fractures occurring in random areas during tensile testing. The results thus indicate a need for optimized process parameters during manufacturing, or alternatively a need for heat treatments such as HIP (Hot Isostatic Pressing).

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2025. , p. 69
Keywords [en]
Process Parameters, Microstructure, PBF-EB, Ti-6Al-4V
Keywords [sv]
Mikrostruktur, PBF-EB, Ti-6Al-4V, Processparametrar
National Category
Other Mechanical Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-23987Local ID: EXM508OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hv-23987DiVA, id: diva2:1990682
Subject / course
Mechanical engineering
Educational program
Maskiningenjör
Supervisors
Examiners
Available from: 2025-08-29 Created: 2025-08-21 Last updated: 2025-09-30Bibliographically approved

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