This thesis investigates how small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) leverage digital technologies to support international business expansion and identifies the key challenges they encounter in this process. As digitalisation transforms global markets, SMEs are increasingly adopting tools such as e-commerce platforms, cloud computing, artificial intelligence (AI), and data analytics to reach international customers and streamline operations. Despite these opportunities, substantial barriers remain, including cybersecurity risks, regulatory complexity, cultural adaptation demands, and internal capability gaps.

The study adopts an integrative literature review (ILR) methodology, synthesising insights from 30 peer-reviewed academic studies published between 2020 and 2025. The analysis highlights five primary digital enablers of SME internationalisation: platformbased market access, data-driven decision-making, scalable business models, organisational digital maturity, and external accelerators such as post-COVID digital adoption. At the same time, it identifies five major challenges: cybersecurity vulnerabilities, compliance burdens, localisation difficulties, organisational resistance, and infrastructure limitations.

These findings emphasise the importance of strategic alignment, digital readiness, and adaptive capabilities in realising the benefits of digital tools. The study contributes to academic literature by integrating theoretical models with practical insights, offering guidance for SME managers, policymakers, and digital ecosystem stakeholders. It also outlines opportunities for future research, including industry-specific studies, emerging technology adoption, and digital inclusion in underrepresented regions.