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Multi-material stainless steel fabrication using plasma wire arc additive manufacturing
INNANOMAT Group, Department of Industrial Engineering and Civil Engineering, IMEYMAT, Algeciras School of Engineering and Technology, Universidad de Cádiz, Ramón Puyol Ave, Algeciras (ESP).
IEG Group, Department of Industrial and Civil Engineering, IMEYMAT, Algeciras School of Engineering and Technology, Universidad de Cádiz, Ramón Puyol Ave, Algeciras (ESP).
Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malta, Msida (MLT).
INNANOMAT Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering and Inorganic Chemistry, IMEYMAT, Algeciras School of Engineering and Technology, Universidad de Cádiz, Ramón Puyol Ave, Algeciras (ESP).
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2024 (English)In: Journal of Materials Research and Technology, ISSN 2238-7854, Vol. 30, p. 3996-4002Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Layered stainless steel samples were manufactured using Plasma Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing by depositing alternating layers of two dissimilar stainless steels onto an AISI 316L substrate. The selected materials were the M430 ferritic and M316L austenitic stainless steels. Comprehensive microstructural characterization in different areas, including interfaces between the two different materials, was achieved through optical microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction. Results revealed good weldability among the two-layered steels and on the substrate. Also, a gradient duplex structure was observed mainly at the layer interfaces, suggesting a nuanced blending of properties in the deposited zone. To establish a direct correlation with mechanical properties in the observed structures, macro and micro-hardness tests were conducted along the cross-section. These tests evidenced the presence of a harder phase along the interface compared to the individual materials. The microstructural analysis corroborated the presence of mixing between phases in conjunction with some areas of delta ferrite. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier Editora Ltda , 2024. Vol. 30, p. 3996-4002
Keywords [en]
Additives; Blending; Ferrite; Microhardness; Multilayers; Substrates; Wire; 316L; Alternating layers; Dissimilar stainless steels; Ferritic; Microstructural characterizations; Multi materials; Steel fabrication; Steel samples; Wire arc; Wire arc additive manufacturing; 3D printing
National Category
Manufacturing, Surface and Joining Technology Metallurgy and Metallic Materials
Research subject
Production Technology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-21597DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.04.112ISI: 001294668700001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85190748948OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hv-21597DiVA, id: diva2:1928386
Note

CC-BY 4.0

This research was funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Spain [project reference EQC2019-006374-P], Junta de Andalucía, Spain [research group INNANOMAT ref. TEP-946], and the University of Cadiz’s, Spain Support and Stimulus Plan for Research and Transfer 2022–2023. Co-funding from UE, Spain is also acknowledged. L. Segovia-Guerrero acknowledges the grant ‘Proyecto Singular UCA-SEA-3’ from UCA. M. de Nicolás-Morillas acknowledges the economic support of the Spanish Government [Agencia Estatal de Investigación], Spain and the European Union through the ‘Margarita Salas’ grant.

Available from: 2025-01-16 Created: 2025-01-16 Last updated: 2025-09-30

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Scotti, Americo

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