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Surface tension derivation from laser-generated keyholes
University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of mechanical engineering. (KAMPT)ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0194-9018
Institut für Strahlwerkzeuge (IFSW), University of Stuttgart,Stuttgart (DEU).ORCID iD: 0009-0005-4964-1292
Institut für Strahlwerkzeuge (IFSW), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart (DEU).ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2929-9723
Institut für Strahlwerkzeuge (IFSW), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart (DEU).ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8466-073X
2024 (English)In: Proceedings of the International Congress of Applications of Lasers & Electro-Optics: (ICALEO 2024) / [ed] Thierry Marchione, Katrin Wudy, Klaus Löffler, Sophie Grabmann, Jared Speltz, Andreas Michalowski, Carlo Holly, Andrés Fabián Lasagni, Gwenn Pallier, Klaus Kleine, Fanrong Kong, Laser Institute of America , 2024, Vol. 36, no 3Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Surface tension is an essential material property that defines many aspects of thermal processes involving liquids. Metal materials have highmelting temperatures, and surface tension could often be measured around melting temperature and is, therefore, known for many purematerials and simple material systems. However, high-energy input during laser, electron beam, or plasma processes is known to increase the material temperatures far above the melting point. To build theoretical models, simulate processes, and increase process understanding,surface tension values at those high temperatures would be beneficial to know. However, it can be difficult to create stable circumstancesand measure surface tension in those conditions. Therefore, it is suggested in this work to indirectly derive surface tension values from thepressure balance inside keyholes created during laser deep penetration processing. A variety of different keyhole shapes were created usingdynamic beam shaping by means of coherent beam combining. From the observed keyhole shapes using inline x-ray observations, temperature distributions on the keyhole walls were calculated using ray tracing. The temperature defines the local recoil pressure that counteractsthe surface tension pressure, which contains the surface tension value as the only unknown variable. At increasing temperatures above the boiling point, an increasing surface tension was observed.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Laser Institute of America , 2024. Vol. 36, no 3
Keywords [en]
laser processing, surface tension pressure, inline x-ray monitoring
National Category
Manufacturing, Surface and Joining Technology
Research subject
Production Technology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-22780DOI: 10.2351/7.0001525ISI: 001283143100001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85200573116OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hv-22780DiVA, id: diva2:1921726
Conference
International Congress of Applications of Lasers & Electro-Optics  (ICALEO 2024)
Funder
Swedish Research Council, 2020-04250German Research Foundation (DFG), 503306266
Note

CC-BY 4.0

The authors kindly acknowledge the funding of SMART—Surface tension of Metals Above vapoRization Temperature(Vetenskapsrådet—The Swedish Research Council, 2020-04250). Thework was partially funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG, German Research Foundation) under No. 503306266. The collaboration expenses were supported by the InnovationCampus FutureMobility funded by the Baden-Württemberg Ministry of Science,Research and the Arts.

Available from: 2024-12-17 Created: 2024-12-17 Last updated: 2025-09-30

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Volpp, Jörg

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