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Three-dimensional Microstructure Representation and Virtual Testing of Additive Manufactured Material to Predict Homogenized Directional Elastic Properties
University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of mechanical engineering. (KAMPT)ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4186-2443
2024 (English)Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [sv]

Arbetet undersöker förbättring inom produktionsteknik, med särskilt fokus på additiv tillverkning (AM) och tekniker såsom Powder Bed Fusion-Electron Beam(PBF-EB) och Powder Bed Fusion-Laser Beam (PBF-LB), för att förstå strukturegenskapsrelationer i komplexa mikrostrukturer hos nickelbaserade högpresterande superlegeringar. Det primära målet är att förstå och förutsäga de riktade elastiska egenskaperna och mikrostrukturella beteenden hos material som Inconel 718, Haynes 282 och Hastelloy X.

Genom att använda 2D Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) data samt metoder för mikrostrukturkarakterisering i MTEX, och genom att generera representativa volymelement (RVE) och representativa areaelement (RAE) i NEPER, erhålls detaljerade 3D-representationer av mikrostrukturer. Forskningen använder både ideala och verkliga mikrostrukturer för att fördjupa kunskapen om riktad elasticitet hos polykristaller, samt spännings- och töjningsfördelningar inom heterogena och icke-homogena kornstrukturer. Beräkningsmässig homogenisering (CH), implementerad via ABAQUS, inkluderar Crystal Finite Element (CEFE) metoden, vilken är avgörande för att generera styvhetsmatriser och förutsäga riktade elastiska egenskaper.

Genom att integrera dessa metoder möjliggörs en omfattande analys av isotropt och anisotropt beteende, särskilt inom ekviaxiella, kolumnära och kombinerade (ekviaxiella och kolumnära) kornstrukturer. Genom experimentell validering ger de viktigaste resultaten betydande insikter i hur olika mikrostrukturer påverkar mekaniska egenskaper, vilket förbättrar prediktiva möjligheter och noggrannhet i analysen av AMmaterialprestanda. Simuleringsresultaten betonar vikten av en noggrann representation av mikrostrukturen, med hänsyn till både kristallografisk textur och faktisk kornmorfologi. De bifogade publikationerna stöder dessa resultat och erbjuder detaljerade diskussioner om virtuell testning av mikrostrukturrepresentation. Arbetet visar sammantaget potentialen hos avancerade PBF-teknologier för att utveckla nästa generations superlegeringar med skräddarsydda egenskaper för industriella tillämpningar där komponenter utsätts för höga påfrestningar.

Abstract [en]

This work investigates advancements in Production Technology, specifically focusing on Additive Manufacturing (AM) techniques such as Powder Bed Fusion-Electron Beam (PBF-EB) and Powder Bed Fusion-Laser Beam (PBF-LB), to understand the structure-property relationships of complex microstructures in high-performance Ni-based superalloys. The primary objective is to comprehend and predict the directional elastic properties and microstructural behaviour of materials such as Inconel 718, Haynes 282, and Hastelloy X. Utilizing 2D Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) data, methods such as microstructure characterization in MTEX, Representative Volume Element (RVE) and Representative Area Element (RAE) generation in NEPER, detailed 3D microstructure representations are obtained.

The research employs both idealand real microstructures to advance knowledge about directional elasticity of polycrystals, stress, and strain distributions within heterogeneous and nonhomogeneous grain structures. The Computational Homogenization (CH) approach, implemented via ABAQUS, includes the Crystal Elasticity Finite Element (CEFE) method, essential for generating stiffness matrices and predicting directional elastic properties. Integrated methodologies facilitate a comprehensive analysis of isotropic and anisotropic behaviour, particularly within equiaxed, columnar, and combined (equiaxed and columnar) grain structures.

Through experimental validation, the key findings provide significant insights into the influence of different microstructures on mechanical properties, enhancing predictive capabilities and accuracy in AM material performance analysis. The simulation results emphasize the importance of accurate microstructure representation, considering both crystallographic texture and actual grain morphology. The appended publications support these findings, offering detailed discussions on virtual testing of ideal microstructure predictions and real microstructure representation. This work collectively demonstrates the potential of advanced PBF technologies in developing next-generation superalloys with tailored properties for high-stress industrial applications.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Trollhättan: University West , 2024. , p. 72
Series
Licentiate Thesis: University West ; 49
Keywords [en]
Additive Manufacturing; Polycrystal; Electron Backscatter Diffraction; Representative Volume Element; Representative Area Element; Computational Homogenization; Virtual Testing
Keywords [sv]
Additiv Tillverkning; Polykristall; Electron Backscatter Diffraction; Representativ Volymelement; Representativ Areaelement; Crystal Elasticity Finite Element; Beräkningsmässig Homogenisering; Virtuell Testning
National Category
Manufacturing, Surface and Joining Technology
Research subject
Production Technology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-22645ISBN: 978-91-89325-90-6 (print)ISBN: 978-91-89325-89-0 (electronic)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hv-22645DiVA, id: diva2:1914308
Presentation
2024-11-29, F313, Gustava Melins gata, Trollhättan, 09:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

Paper  C is to be accepted and not included in this licentiate.

Available from: 2024-11-29 Created: 2024-11-19 Last updated: 2025-09-30
List of papers
1. Virtual Testing of Synthetic Polycrystal Microstructures Predicting Elastic Properties of Additive Manufactured Alloy 718
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Virtual Testing of Synthetic Polycrystal Microstructures Predicting Elastic Properties of Additive Manufactured Alloy 718
2023 (English)In: Proceedings of the 9th World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering (MCM'23): August 06-08, 2023. Brunel University, London, United Kingdom / [ed] Huihe Qiu, Marcello Iasiello,Yuwen Zhang, INTERNATIONAL ASET INC , 2023, article id ICMIE 147Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Additive manufacturing (AM) is gaining significant attention in manufacturing engineering owing to its advantages compared to traditional manufacturing methods. Microstructures that result from the AM process often lead to anisotropic mechanical properties of produced components. In this study the Ni-based Alloy 718 is analysed. It has been shown that the microstructure of this polycrystalline material can be tailored to obtain different grain morphology distributions and crystallographic textures. In this paper, the reproduction of three typical microstructures, equiaxed, columnar and combined (equiaxed and columnar), are investigated to determine their elastic anisotropic properties. Virtual testing is applied on synthetic representative volume elements (RVE) for the equiaxed and columnar grain structures, and representative area element (RAE) for the combined structure. The crystal elasticity finite element method (CEFEM) is utilized to predict macroscopic elastic properties. This method allows the implementation of grain crystallographic orientations as input texture and the generation of homogenized elastic stiffness matrix predicting the directional engineering stresses of polycrystal microstructures. The comparison of the simulation results for the three microstructures studied demonstrates significant property variation. Also, the comparison of the different number of grains and various interface area cases of the combined structure shows diversity in the results presented in this study. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
INTERNATIONAL ASET INC, 2023
Series
Proceedings of the World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering (MCM), ISSN 2369-8136 ; 9
Keywords
additive manufacturing, polycrystal, crystal elasticity finite element, cohesive zone, homogenization, anisotrop
National Category
Manufacturing, Surface and Joining Technology
Research subject
Production Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-21019 (URN)10.11159/icmie23.147 (DOI)2-s2.0-85188441324 (Scopus ID)9781990800276 (ISBN)
Conference
The 9 th World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering (MCM'23) Brunel University, London, United Kingdom - August 06-08, 2023
Note

The proceedings and related papers are all based on the open-access model, whichmeans interested individuals and institutions can access the material for free.Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to thefull texts of the articles in this proceedings without asking prior permission fromthe publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the BOAI definition of openaccess. 

This work was financially supported by the PODFAM project and the PRIMUS Foundation.

Available from: 2023-11-30 Created: 2023-11-30 Last updated: 2025-09-30Bibliographically approved
2. Three-Dimensional Columnar Microstructure Representation Using 2D Electron Backscatter Diffraction Data for Additive-Manufactured Haynes®282®
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Three-Dimensional Columnar Microstructure Representation Using 2D Electron Backscatter Diffraction Data for Additive-Manufactured Haynes®282®
2024 (English)In: Materials, E-ISSN 1996-1944, Vol. 17, no 7, p. 1659-1659Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This study provides a methodology for exploring the microstructural and mechanical properties of the Haynes®282® alloy produced via the Powder Bed Fusion-Electron Beam (PBF-EB) process. Employing 2D Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) data, we have successfully generated 3D representations of columnar microstructures using the Representative Volume Element (RVE) method.

This methodology allowed for the validation of elastic properties through Crystal ElasticityFinite Element (CEFE) computational homogenization, revealing critical insights into the materialbehavior.

This study highlights the importance of accurately representing the grain morphology and crystallographic texture of the material. Our findings demonstrate that created virtual models can predict directional elastic properties with a high level of accuracy, showing a maximum error of only ~5% compared to the experimental results. This precision underscores the potential of our approach for predictive modeling in Additive Manufacturing (AM), specifically for materials with complex, non-homogeneous microstructures.

It can be concluded that the results uncover the intricate link between microstructural features and mechanical properties, underscoring both the challenges encountered and the critical need for the accurate representation of grain data, as well as the significance of achieving a balance in EBSD area selection, including the presence of anomalies in strongly textured microstructures. 

Keywords
PBF-EB; EBSD; polycrystal; anisotropy; RVE; computational homogenization
National Category
Manufacturing, Surface and Joining Technology
Research subject
Production Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-22207 (URN)10.3390/ma17071659 (DOI)001201537300001 ()2-s2.0-85190391446 (Scopus ID)
Note

CC BY 4.0

Available from: 2024-08-07 Created: 2024-08-07 Last updated: 2025-09-30

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