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Friendship matters: An interview study with adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Health and Care Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (SWE); Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinic, NU Hospital Group, Trollhättan (SWE).ORCID iD: 0009-0009-1783-1285
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinic, NU Hospital Group, Trollhättan (SWE).
Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Health and Care Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (SWE); University of Gothenburg Centre for Person-Centred Care (GPCC), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (SWE); Queen Silvia Children´s Hospital, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (SWE).ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8847-9559
Department of Paediatrics, Skaraborg Hospital, Skövde (SWE); Sahlgrenska Academy, Institution for Clinical Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (SWE).
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2024 (English)In: PLOS Mental Health, E-ISSN 2837-8156, Vol. 1, no 1, article id e0000023Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a condition diagnosed in 5% of children and adolescents. This neurodevelopmental condition causes impaired academic, social, and occupational functioning. Adolescents with ADHD symptoms have lower health-related quality of life and children with ADHD have been described as having difficulties forming positive friendships. Therefore, the aim was to describe how 15–17-year-old adolescents with ADHD experience friendship with peers. A semi-structured interview study was conducted with twelve adolescents about their experiences of friendships. The adolescents were recruited from a Swedish psychiatry clinic. A qualitative content analysis was used. In the results, three main categories were constructed: "Bonding with Friends" underscores the importance of understanding, shared interests, and adaptability. The "One’s own role" category emphasises the dynamic interplay of self-perception and interpersonal behaviours in interaction with friends. The "How Friendship Matters" category describes the complex nature of friendships, involving both support and conflicts. The adolescents’ relationships improved with age, influenced by self-awareness, ADHD medication and support from adults. In conclusion, friendships play a crucial role in the well-being of the participants, providing vital support when navigating ADHD associated challenges. It is essential that the adolescents themselves, but also adults and healthcare providers, recognise and address their impulsivity issues and need for daily planning. We should assist adolescents in developing effective interaction strategies with friends. The study highlights the significance of friendships and peer support for the adolescents’ health and functioning.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2024. Vol. 1, no 1, article id e0000023
Keywords [en]
ADHD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, adolescent, friendship, interview study
National Category
Psychiatry Nursing
Research subject
NURSING AND PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE, Nursing science
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-22077DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmen.0000023Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105027967999OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hv-22077DiVA, id: diva2:1878205
Funder
Ekhaga Foundation, 2020-16
Note

CC-BY 4.0

This work was supported by Ekhagastiftelsen (2020-16 to ACR), Majblommans Riksförbund (27 to ACR),Ebba Danelius Stiftelse (to ACR), and Fonden för rehabilitering och medicinsk forskning (FRF)-Foundation (to ACR)

Available from: 2024-06-26 Created: 2024-06-26 Last updated: 2026-03-31

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Nyman, Viola

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