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When nursing education becomes political: Norm-critical perspectives in a campus-based clinical learning environment
University West, Department of Health Sciences, Section for nursing - graduate level. (LOVHH KAMAIL)ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0817-2360
University West, Department of Health Sciences, Section for nursing - graduate level. (LOVHH KAMAIL)ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2358-5086
University West, Department of Health Sciences, Section for health promotion and care sciences. (LOVHH KAMAIL)
University West, Department of Health Sciences, Section for nursing - graduate level. (LOVHH KAMAIL)ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3702-8202
2023 (English)In: Nursing Inquiry, ISSN 1320-7881, E-ISSN 1440-1800, Vol. 31, no 2, article id e12597Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Nursing education is in the process of incorporating critical thinking, social justice, and health inequality perspectives into educational structures, aspiring to help nursing students develop into professional nurses prepared to provide equal care. Norm criticism is a pedagogical philosophy that promotes social justice. This qualitative case study aimed to gain an understanding of and elaborate on an educational development initiative in which norm criticism was incorporated into the composition of a new campus‐based clinical learning environment for nursing education. By analyzing documents and interviews with the help of reflexive thematic analysis three themes were generated: “Intention to educate beyondnursing education,” “Educating in alliance with society,” and “The educative ambiguity of the Clinical Learning Centre. ”The case study indicates that the incorporation of norm criticism into a campus‐based clinical learning environment may encourage nursing students to evolve social skills for nursing practice that support health equality within healthcare. By collaborating with society, nursing education can considerably improve its educational frameworks in alignment with societal demands. However, the inclusion of norm criticism in a setting such as a campus‐based clinical learning environment entails a clash with established institutionalized norms and being perceived as too proximate to politics.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2023. Vol. 31, no 2, article id e12597
Keywords [en]
campus‐based clinical learning environment, health inequalities, norm criticism, norms, nursing education, politics, social skills
National Category
Nursing
Research subject
NURSING AND PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE, Nursing science; Work-Integrated Learning
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-20679DOI: 10.1111/nin.12597ISI: 001051743700001PubMedID: 37608629Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85168579132OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hv-20679DiVA, id: diva2:1794594
Note

CC BY 4.0

Available from: 2023-09-06 Created: 2023-09-06 Last updated: 2025-11-12Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. What is the ‘norm’ in nursing education?: Navigating norm-criticism in a campus based clinical learning environment for a work-integrated nursing education program
Open this publication in new window or tab >>What is the ‘norm’ in nursing education?: Navigating norm-criticism in a campus based clinical learning environment for a work-integrated nursing education program
2025 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Alternative title[sv]
Vad är ‘normen’ inom sjuksköterskeutbildning? : Att navigera normkritik i en campusbaserad klinisk lärmiljö för ett arbetsintegrerat sjuksköterskeprogram
Abstract [en]

Background:

In nursing education, perspectives on social justice and health equity have increasingly been highlighted, mainly within the theoretical aspects of education. Various strategies have been used to integrate these concepts into practice-oriented learning activities. The strategy of norm-criticism aims to elevate the perspectives of equity and social justice in education. There is a need to integrate health equity into the practical aspects of education. This dissertation has thus explored a clinical learning environment (CBCLE) with norm-criticism and work-integrated learning (WIL) as parts of its educational structure.

Aims:

To explore the integration of and encounters with norm-criticism in a campus-based clinical learning environment for a work-integrated nursing education program.

Methods:

Study I was a scoping review of 16 peer-reviewed articles, with data that was thematically charted and analyzed to map out the existing research. Study II combined document analysis of 64 academic records with qualitative interviews of seven faculty members/stakeholders. This data was analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Study III involved participatory observation at a CBCLE, with field notes analyzed through reflexive thematic analysis. Study IV drew on narrative accounts from 14 undergraduate nursing students, which were analyzed through a narrative analysis and a theoretical analysis.

Results:

In Study I norm-critical research in nursing education was found to be predominantly qualitative and Western-oriented. Norm-criticism involved modifying curricula and learning environments to challenge norms and foster health equity. Teachers were encouraged to undergo a personal relearning process to teach more inclusively. In Study II the CBCLE was constructed to educate nursing students beyond the scope of traditional education and in partnership with societal elements. The WIL approach framed the incorporation of norm-criticism, allowing norm-criticism to be integrated and elevated to practical use. However, its inclusion caused institutional hesitation because of its political connotation. In Study III norm-critical dialogues were seldom initiated by the teachers, and only brief norm-critical moments were observed. Technical nursing skills were emphasized, which reinforced a theory-practice gap.

In Study IV students’ gradual engagement with norm-criticism evolved from confusion to meaning making, which called for deeper integration of norm-criticism. Through WIL, norm-criticism was operationalized, bridging theory and practice while shaping professional identity and critical consciousness.

Conclusion:

Norm-criticism at the CBCLE was interpreted across three layers. These included a structural pedagogical norm aligned with the WIL approach, a disruptive personal experience fostering reflection and professional formation, and a theoretical-practical tool to support health equity. These layers collectively redefined teaching and learning practices in nursing education, thus constituting a new normal for the field.

Abstract [sv]

Bakgrund:

Inom sjuksköterskeutbildning har rättvis och jämlik hälsa fått allt större uppmärksamhet, främst inom utbildningarnas teoretiska delar. Olika lärstrategier har använts för att integrera dessa perspektiv i utbildningens praktiska delar. Genom en normkritisk strategi kan normer synliggöras och frågor om social rättvisa lyftas fram. Det finns ett behov att integrera rättvis och jämlik hälsa i sjuksköterskeutbildningars praktiska delar. Denna avhandling har utforskat en campusbaserad klinisk lärandemiljö (KLC) där normkritik och arbetsintegrerat lärande (AIL) utgör en del av den pedagogiska strukturen.

Syfte:

Att utforska möten med och integrering av normkritik i en campusbaserad klinisk lärandemiljö i ett arbetsintegrerat sjuksköterskeutbildningsprogram.

Metod:

Studie I granskade 16 peer-reviewade artiklar, där data tematiskt strukturerades och analyserades för att få en överblick över befintlig forskning. Studie II kombinerade dokumentanalys av 64 dokument med kvalitativa intervjuer med sju aktörer bestående av fakultetsmedarbetare och partners från civilsamhället. Data analyserades med reflexiv tematisk analys. Studie III utgjordes av deltagande observationer vid ett KLC, där fältanteckningar analyserades med reflexiv tematisk analys. Studie IV bestod av berättelser från 14 sjuksköterskestudenter på grundnivå, berättelserna tolkades med hjälp av narrativ analys samt genom ett teoretiskt raster.

Resultat:

I studie I framkom att normkritisk forskning inom sjuksköterskeutbildning främst är kvalitativ och västerländskt präglad. Normkritik medförde förändringar i läroplaner och lärandemiljöer för att kunna utmana normer och främja rättvis och jämlik hälsa. Lärare uppmuntrades att genomgå en personlig omlärningsprocess för att undervisa mer inkluderande. I studie II framkom att KLC konstruerades i samverkan med civilsamhället med målet att utbilda sjuksköterskestudenter på ett annat sätt än traditionell sjuksköterskeutbildning. AIL-ansatsen utgjorde en ram för att integrera och möjliggöra att normkritik kunde omsättas till praktisk tillämpning. Dock medförde implementeringen en institutionell tveksamhet till normkritiken på grund av dess politiska laddning. Studie III uppmärksammar att normkritiska dialoger sällan initierades av lärarna och endast korta normkritiska inslag i undervisningen observerades. Medicintekniska färdigheter i relation till omvårdnad betonades, vilket förstärkte klyftan mellan teori och praktik. I studie IV utvecklades studenternas gradvisa engagemang i normkritik från förvirring till meningsskapande, vilket tydliggjorde vikten av att införliva normkritik på en djupare nivå på KLC. Genom AIL kunde normkritik konkretiseras och förena teori och praktik samtidigt som kritisk medvetenhet och professionell identitet formades.

Slutsats:

Normkritik vid KLC representerade tre lager: en strukturell pedagogisk norm i linje med AIL-ansatsen, en utmanande personlig erfarenhet som främjade reflektion och professionell utveckling, samt ett teoretisk-praktiskt verktyg för att stödja rättvis och jämlik hälsa. Dessa nivåer omformade undervisningen och lärandet och utgjorde därmed det nya normala inom sjuksköterskeutbildningen.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Trollhättan: University West, 2025. p. 134
Series
PhD Thesis: University West ; 77
Keywords
Campus-based clinical learning environment; Health equity; Norm-criticism; Nursing education; Work-integrated learning, Arbetsintegrerat lärande; Kliniskt lärandecentrum; Normkritik; Rättvis hälsa; Sjuksköterskeutbildning
National Category
Nursing Other Educational Sciences
Research subject
Work-Integrated Learning
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-24527 (URN)978-91-89969-44-5 (ISBN)978-91-89969-43-8 (ISBN)
Public defence
2025-11-19, F315, Trollhättan, 13:00 (Swedish)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

Paper I and IV are to be submitted and not included in the electronic thesis.

Available from: 2025-12-01 Created: 2025-11-12 Last updated: 2026-07-23

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Castillo, Ivan AndrésTengelin, EllinorArveklev Höglund, SusannaDahlborg, Elisabeth

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