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Forbidden and necessary: making sense of smartphones in vocational teaching
University West, School of Business, Economics and IT, Division of Media and Design. (KAMAIL iAIL)ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3401-2013
University West, School of Business, Economics and IT, Division of Media and Design. (KAMAIL iAIL)ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1390-8379
2023 (English)In: Journal of Workplace Learning, ISSN 1366-5626, E-ISSN 1758-7859, Vol. 36, no 1, p. 239-251Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Purpose – The digitalization of schools has intensified in recent years. It is reflected in policy documents as well as in extensive investments in digital technology and professional development initiatives to promote digitalization. At the same time, attempts are being made to “tame” the same digitization sometimes by regulations banning smartphones in class. This study aims to examine how smartphones are interpreted by vocational teachers in Sweden using the theoretical lens of technological frames.

Design/methodology/approach – The data consist of ten semi-structured interviews with vocational teachers, representing eight vocational programs in Sweden.

Findings – The results show breadth in how teachers understand, interpret and relate to the smartphone in vocational education. The authors show how the smartphone often forms an integral part of professional work and is thus difficult to separate from vocational teaching and nurturing vocational competencies.

Originality/value – The authors’ contributions include using technological frames to explore how smartphones are interpreted and understood by vocational teachers by demonstrating how they relate to the nature of the smartphone, the strategy for the smartphone and the smartphone in use. The theoretical framework is used to interpret restrictions on technology use, in this case a smartphone, in education. The results could be of interest to researchers as well as to teachers, school leaders and policymakers.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2023. Vol. 36, no 1, p. 239-251
Keywords [en]
Smartphones, Vocational education, Technological frames, Teachers, Digitalization
National Category
Information Systems, Social aspects
Research subject
Work-Integrated Learning
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-20617DOI: 10.1108/jwl-03-2023-0040ISI: 001020043500001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85164460239OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hv-20617DiVA, id: diva2:1789992
Funder
Swedish Research Council, 2019-03607
Note

CC-BY 4.0

Available from: 2023-08-22 Created: 2023-08-22 Last updated: 2025-09-30
In thesis
1. Yrkesundervisningspraktiker: ett sociomateriellt perspektiv
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Yrkesundervisningspraktiker: ett sociomateriellt perspektiv
2025 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Alternative title[en]
Vocational Teaching Practices : a Sociomaterial perspective
Abstract [en]

Vocational teachers in Swedish vocational education have the complex task of teaching young people in a changing school for a changing working life. Working life is undergoing rapid technological development, which sometimes necessitates the introduction of new working methods and materials. Schools are also changing in different ways. Among other things, the last few years have meant that schools have been digitalised in various ways. The school's governing documents are being adjusted to handle the digital development in schools and society. The fact that both school and working life are in flux impacts vocational teachers' conditions for teaching. This thesis explores teaching materials in vocational teaching practices and highlights how vocational teachers enact vocational teaching in and for a digitalised working life. Specifically, it addresses the challenges and opportunities that arise when digitalized vocational and teaching practices are developed, as well as how these are handled and enacted.

Since the focus is on teaching materials within teaching practices, sociomateriality serves as the overarching perspective in the thesis. The perspective makes visible humans and materials as dependent on and integrated into each other. Across the five different articles of the thesis, additional analytical tools are employed to shed light on how vocational teachers use, understand and reflect on teaching materials in their teaching.

The dissertation provides insight into Swedish vocational education based on vocational teachers' approach to teaching materials. Previous research related to the thesis comes from both research on work-integrated learning (WIL) and vocational didactics. Previous research presented in the thesis explores vocational education with certain types of digital technologies, on specific programmes or collaboration between school and working life. The thesis explores how school-based sociomaterial vocational teaching practices are enacted in a time when they contain a variety of different, digital and analogue, both vocationally relevant and general pedagogical teaching materials. The exploration has mainly been conducted with an ethnographically inspired approach. By observing and participating in daily practices, understanding of contexts and people and their behaviors and how they reason about cultural phenomena is enabled. In this case, vocational teachers have been followed through interviews and observations in different schools and vocational programmes with the aim of developing an understanding of the cultural phenomenon of vocational teaching practices in a changing time.

In the dissertation, we follow the teaching practices of Peter, Rebecka and Anna alongside interviews with nine other vocational teachers. The focus of observations and interviews is the vocational teachers' use, understanding of, and reflections on teaching materials in school-based vocational education. The results indicate that digitalised vocational and teaching practices constitute a sociomaterial complexity, presenting both challenges and opportunities that vocational teachers must navigate. The challenges can be understood as disruptions in relation to changing working life, changing educational institutions and changing student needs. The opportunities, on the other hand, lie in the potential of supporting teaching material in relation to a working life and the different needs of students. The thesis demonstrates that vocational teachers try to integrate vocational-specific teaching materials with general pedagogical and mundane teaching materials to offer a sense of coherence for the students. Sometimes, mundane technologies such as mobile phones and social media also act as a bridge to working life. In their choice of teaching materials, vocational teachers navigate between the prerequisites and requirements of school-based teaching and those of working life. In navigation, teaching materials serve as props, but human resources are just as important, as the vocational teachers emphasise human interaction and care about the relationship with the students. In the thesis an entangled and salutogenic perspective is proposed to describe how vocational teachers navigate vocational teaching practices.

Abstract [sv]

Yrkeslärare i svensk yrkesutbildning har den komplexa uppgiften att undervisa ungdomar i en föränderlig skola för ett arbetsliv i förändring. Arbetslivet genomgår snabb teknologisk utveckling vilket ibland betyder att nya arbetsmetoder och material introduceras. Också skolan förändras på olika sätt. Bland annat har de senaste åren inneburit att skolan digitaliserats. Skolans styrdokument anpassas för att hantera den digitala utvecklingen i skola och samhälle. Att skola och arbetsliv står inför förändring påverkar yrkeslärares förutsättningar i undervisningen. Avhandlingen utforskar därför undervisningsmaterial i yrkesundervisningspraktiker samt belyser hur yrkeslärare iscensätter yrkesundervisningen i och för ett digitaliserat arbetsliv. Specifikt handlar avhandlingen om utmaningar och möjligheter när digitaliserade yrkes- och undervisningspraktiker utvecklas och hur dessa hanteras och iscensätts av yrkeslärare.

Eftersom undervisningsmaterial i yrkesundervisningspraktiker är i fokus används sociomaterialitet som övergripande perspektiv i avhandlingen. Socimaterialitet synliggör perspektiv på människa och material som beroende av och integrerade i varandra. I avhandlingens fem olika artiklar används dessutom andra praktiska analysverktyg för att belysa hur yrkeslärare använder, förstår och reflekterar kring undervisningsmaterial i sin undervisning.

Avhandlingen ger en inblick i yrkesutbildning i Sverige utifrån yrkeslärares förhållningssätt till undervisningsmaterial. Tidigare forskning relaterad till avhandlingen kommer från både forskning om arbetsintegrerat lärande (AIL) och yrkesdidaktik. Tidigare forskning som presenteras i avhandlingen utforskar yrkesundervisning med vissa typer av digital teknik, på specifika program eller samverkan mellan skola och arbetsliv. I avhandlingen utforskas hur skolbaserade sociomateriella yrkesundervisningspraktiker iscensätts i en tid då de rymmer en mängd olika, digitala och analoga, såväl yrkesrelevanta som generellt pedagogiska undervisningsmaterial. Utforskandet har huvudsakligen bedrivits med en etnografiskt inspirerad ansats. Genom att observera och delta i människors vardagliga praktiker möjliggörs förståelse för kontexter och människor och deras beteenden och hur de resonerar kring kulturella fenomen. I det här fallet har yrkeslärare följts via intervjuer och observationer på olika skolor och yrkesprogram med syftet att utveckla förståelse för det kulturella fenomenet yrkesundervisningspraktiker i en föränderlig tid.

I avhandlingen får vi följa undervisningen hos Peter, Rebecka och Anna och vi får möta nio andra yrkeslärare som deltar i intervjustudier. I fokus för observationer och intervjuer står yrkeslärarnas användning och förståelse av samt reflektioner kring undervisningsmaterial i en skolbaserad yrkesundervisning. Resultaten visar att digitaliserade yrkes- och undervisningspraktiker utgör en sociomateriell komplexitet vilket skapar både utmaningar och möjligheter och kräver hantering av yrkeslärare. Utmaningarna kan förstås som störningar i relation till föränderligt arbetsliv, föränderlig utbildningsinstitution och föränderliga elevbehov. Möjligheterna kan förstås som stödjande undervisningsmaterial i relation till ett arbetsliv men också till elevers olika behov. Avhandlingen visar att yrkeslärare försöker integrera yrkesspecifika undervisningsmaterial med generella pedagogiska och vardagliga undervisningsmaterial för att erbjuda känsla av sammanhang för eleverna. Ibland fungerar dessutom vardaglig teknik som mobiltelefonen och sociala medier som brygga till arbetslivet. I sina val av undervisningsmaterial navigerar yrkeslärare mellan den skolbaserade undervisningens förutsättningar och krav och arbetslivets förutsättningar och krav. I navigeringen fungerar undervisningsmaterial som rekvisita men lika viktiga är de mänskliga resurserna eftersom yrkeslärarna betonar mänsklig interaktion och månar om relationen med eleven. I avhandlingen föreslås ett sammanvävt och salutogent perspektiv för att beskriva hur yrkeslärare navigerar yrkesundervisningspraktiker.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Trollhättan: Högskolan Väst, 2025. p. 152
Series
PhD Thesis: University West ; 74
Keywords
Vocational Teaching Practices, Digitalization, Vocational Education, Sociomateriality, Sense of Coherence, Technological Frames, Discursive Manifestations of Contradictions, WIL, Yrkesundervisningspraktiker, digitalisering, yrkesutbildning, Sociomaterialitet, Känsla av sammanhang, Teknologiska ramar, Diskursiva manifestationer av motsättningar, arbetsintegrerat lärande
National Category
Pedagogy Educational Work
Research subject
Work-Integrated Learning
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-23235 (URN)978-91-89969-21-6 (ISBN)978-91-89969-20-9 (ISBN)
Public defence
2025-05-27, F314, Gustava Melins gata, Trollhättan, 13:00 (Swedish)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2025-04-30 Created: 2025-04-09 Last updated: 2025-09-30

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Carlsson, SandraWillermark, Sara

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