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A Method for Software-Assisted Safety Management in Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems Within the Context of Industry 5.0
University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of industrial automation. (KAMPT)
University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of industrial automation. (KAMPT)ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6604-6904
University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of industrial automation. (KAMPT)ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4091-7732
University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of industrial automation. (KAMPT)ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7251-0654
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2024 (English)In: IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ISSN 1946-0740, E-ISSN 1946-0759, p. 1-7Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Industry 5.0, which focuses on human-centric automation and utilizes advanced production technologies such as Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems (RMS), requires manufacturers to prioritize workers’ well-being alongside efficiency. Addressing safety management in this evolving manufacturing paradigm is essential. However, ensuring safety in reconfigurable manufacturing often requires external outsourcing and increased man-hours. This leads to increased production costs and reduced flexibility due to the additional time required for safety assurance. Ideally, manufacturers seek safety management methods that leverage in-house expertise, reducing both production costs and time without compromising safety. Thus, a novel approach to safety management is necessary. This paper introduces a method for software-assisted safety management in RMS that leverages in-house competencies and streamlines safety validation after reconfiguration which enhances Industry 5.0’s adaptability. To empirically assess the proposed method, a conceptual software tool was developed and deployed to a reconfigurable Plug & Produce system for house wall fabrication within a laboratory setting. A usability test was performed to collect the man-hour needed for safety validation after reconfiguration using in-house competency. Analysis of the results revealed potential savings of 40% for one-off production and 35% for batches up to 5. While based on lab findings, they suggest cost reduction in real manufacturing. This empirical evidence underscores significant cost reduction potential in reconfigurable manufacturing, highlighting its role in promoting flexibility, economical sustainability, and human-centricity within Industry 5.0 © 2024 IEEE.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. , 2024. p. 1-7
Keywords [en]
Computer aided manufacturing; Industry 4.0; Outsourcing; Smart manufacturing; Costs reduction; Human-centric; Industry 5.0; Man hours; Plug & produce; Production cost; Reconfigurable manufacturing; Reconfigurable manufacturing system; Safety management; Safety validations; Cost reduction
National Category
Robotics and automation
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-22712DOI: 10.1109/ETFA61755.2024.10710809ISI: 001535140200107Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85207840261OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hv-22712DiVA, id: diva2:1921872
Conference
2024 IEEE 29th International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA), Padova, Italy, 2024
Available from: 2024-12-17 Created: 2024-12-17 Last updated: 2026-04-16Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Safety Management Support and Safety-Aware Decision-Making for Human-Integrated Plug & Produce Manufacturing Systems Using Configurable Multi-Agent Systems
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Safety Management Support and Safety-Aware Decision-Making for Human-Integrated Plug & Produce Manufacturing Systems Using Configurable Multi-Agent Systems
2026 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Alternative title[sv]
Säkerhetshantering och säkerhetsmedvetet beslutsfattande i människointegrerade Plug & Produce produktionssystem med konfigurerbara multiagentsystem
Abstract [en]

Plug & Produce in production technology enables newly connected resources to be automatically identified, configured, and coordinated, allowing production to adapt to changing goals and available capabilities. However, this reconfigurability, combined with autonomous multi-agent decision-making under human presence, complicates safety assurance. This thesis develops and validates methods and tools for safety management support and safety-aware multi-agent decisionmaking in Plug & Produce systems, enabling swift reconfiguration while maintaining safe and efficient operation. The thesis formalises safety knowledge in a multi-agent system ontology by linking hazards and risk semantics to resource skills. Building on this representation, it proposes algorithmic strategies for deriving configuration-specific hazard lists and safety requirements when abstract goals and process plans are realised through runtime skill allocation and planning. These outputs are operationalised in a software-supported safety validation workflow that generates assurance artefacts and reduces engineering effort after reconfiguration.

The evaluation shows three complementary results. First, a usability study demonstrates a reduction in safety validation effort from approximately two hours to ten minutes. Second, formal verification shows that unsafe behaviours exist in the global state space but are prevented from becoming reachable at runtime while preserving feasible alternatives. Third, simulation experiments show that integrating runtime-evaluated safety requirements into planning increases throughput by about 54% in one configuration and about 79% in a second configuration, while reducing cumulative cost and variability and remaining computationally feasible. The thesis contributes theoretically by showing how safety semantics can be operationalised for multi-agent decisionmaking through integrating them into skill allocation, planning, and execution coordination. From an industrial perspective, it suggests a practical adoption path that complements existing shopfloor safety functions while reducing changeover effort and improving predictability and productivity in high-mix low-volume reconfigurable cells with human-integrated work. 

Abstract [sv]

Modern produktion ställer allt högre krav på flexibilitet och anpassningsförmåga. Plug & Produce är ett koncept som gör det möjligt att snabbt koppla in, konfigurera och samordna olika produktionsresurser, så att systemet kan anpassas till nya produkter och förändrade behov. Samtidigt innebär denna flexibilitet att människor i allt större utsträckning arbetar tillsammans med automatiserade system, vilket ställer höga krav på säkerhet. I dagens industri hanteras säkerhet ofta genom reaktiva metoder, till exempel att maskiner saktar ner eller stannar när en människa kommer nära. Även om detta skyddar operatören kan det leda till ineffektiv produktion och svårförutsägbara processer. Denna avhandling undersöker hur säkerhet i stället kan integreras direkt i systemets beslutsfattande. 

Målet är att skapa produktionssystem som både är flexibla och säkra, utan att kompromissa med effektiviteten. Arbetet bygger på multiagentsystem, där olika delar av produktionen representeras av autonoma programvaruagenter som samarbetar för att uppnå produktionsmål. Genom att utöka dessa system med säkerhetskunskap kan agenterna ta hänsyn till risker redan när de planerar och fördelar arbetsuppgifter. Avhandlingen presenterar tre huvudsakliga bidrag. För det första utvecklas en modell för hur säkerhetsrelaterad information kan struktureras och användas i multiagentsystem. För det andra introduceras metoder som gör det möjligt att planera arbetssekvenser som är både säkra och effektiva, baserat på aktuella förhållanden i systemet. För det tredje utvecklas ett mjukvarustöd som underlättar säkerhetsvalidering efter förändringar i produktionssystemet. Resultaten visar att den föreslagna metoden kan minska tiden för säkerhetsvalidering avsevärt, från timmar till minuter. Dessutom kan produktionssystemet arbeta mer effektivt genom att undvika riskfyllda situationer redan i planeringsstadiet, i stället för att hantera dem i efterhand. Sammanfattningsvis visar avhandlingen att det är möjligt att kombinera flexibilitet, säkerhet och effektivitet i moderna produktionssystem. Detta är ett viktigt steg mot mer människocentrerad och hållbar industriell produktion. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Trollhättan: University West, 2026. p. 69
Series
PhD Thesis: University West ; 87
Keywords
Plug & Produce, Multi-Agent Systems, Human Safety, Safety Management, Automated Planning, Plug & Produce, Multiagentsystem; Mänsklig Säkerhet; Säkerhetshantering; Automatiserad Planering
National Category
Manufacturing, Surface and Joining Technology Production Engineering, Human Work Science and Ergonomics
Research subject
Production Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-25052 (URN)978-91-89969-79-7 (ISBN)978-91-89969-78-0 (ISBN)
Public defence
2026-06-01, F313, Gustava Melins gata, Trollhättan, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

Paper A, B and D are included only  in the printed thesis.

Available from: 2026-05-04 Created: 2026-04-16 Last updated: 2026-05-04

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Massouh, BassamDanielsson, FredrikRamasamy, SudhaKhabbazi, Mahmood RezaNilsson, Anders

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