Automation has improved efficiency and quality in manufacturing, yet some tasks such as assembly, inspection, and maintenance still depend on manual work because of their complexity and need for flexibility. Augmented Reality (AR) can support these tasks by placing digital information directly in the workspace and registering it to the objects involved. While AR hardware has developed considerably, design knowledge for industrial AR remains fragmented, and many evaluations are conducted in laboratories with participants who do not routinely perform the work. How AR should be designed to support industrial operators therefore remains insufficiently grounded in production practice. This thesis addresses this gap through Design Science Research. Four AR guidance prototypes were developed and evaluated in four industrial settings across three manufacturing companies, covering House assembly, Inspection, Tool change, and Changeover operation. Each prototype was evaluated in the setting where the work is normally carried out, by the people who normally carry it out: 25 assemblers, inspectors, operators, and maintenance engineers. Contextual inquiry and observation were combined with measures of usability, workload, and task completion time. The empirical findings from these cases were combined with a systematic review of existing AR design guidelines to identify and consolidate design knowledge for industrial AR. The results show how recurring operator requirements can be translated into concrete forms of AR guidance. They also identify conditions that determine whether AR supports or interferes with work, including registration accuracy, visual clarity, operator control, physical and cognitive comfort, and alignment with the pace and coverage of the workflow. The main contribution is a set of thirteen design guidelines for operator-centric AR guidance, derived by synthesizing empirical findings from the four industrial cases with a systematic review of existing AR design guidelines.

This article compares how Cape Town and Nairobi approach sanitation provision ininformal settlements, where residents experience vastly different levels of accessto safely managed services. The City of Cape Town metropolitan municipality providesfree sewered and container-based sanitation, while Nairobi City County offers limited infrastructure, leaving most residents reliant on private providers. Using a moral economy framework, the study examines expectations between citizens and the state, and the role of civil society in shaping sanitation claims. Based onin-depth interviews and a photovoice project, the analysis finds that South Africa’s rights-based post-apartheid social contract and strong activist culture drive the City of Cape Town’s provision of free sanitation. In contrast, Nairobi’s fragmented institutional and policy environment, combined with weak citizen mobilisation, reduces state accountability. The study highlights how seeing sanitation as a political, rather than a technical, concern influences both citizen claims and state responses to inclusive sanitation in informal settlements.

Uganda's adoption of the Anti-Homosexuality Act in 2023 reveals significant contestation among domestic and external actors regarding LGBTIQ+ human rights norms. This article argues that opposition to LGBTIQ+ rights has become central to contemporary challenges to the liberal international order by contesting the authority of liberal human rights norms as universal benchmarks of state legitimacy. Drawing on critical IR theories of norm violation, it analyzes how external actors responded to the Act and how Ugandan state actors defended the legislation. The article concludes that political opposition against LGBTIQ+ human rights in Uganda, akin to anti-LGBTIQ+ politics observed elsewhere in the world, has become central to political critique of "the West" and the existing international order.

Reduced resources in the public sector, combined with an ageing population and increasing existential needs, mean that social service caseworkers need strategies to manage and limit their workload. Social service caseworkers consequently need to develop new ways to manage the population’s increased existential needs. The purpose of the study is therefore to analyse and understand how social workers handle existential issues during the needs assessment process for home care services. Data have been collected through semi-structured interviews with social service caseworkers (N = 15) (2022–2024). The results show that shifting responsibility (e.g. delegation and integration) and professional sensitivity (e.g. tacit knowledge, empathy and adaptation) were two prevalent strategies. The study uses the term neglective restrictiveness to further explain how social service caseworkers combine the two strategies in order to consciously disregard and transform existential needs into a non-issue. A hard-to-manage area is dealt with through actions including delay, omission, disregard and delegation. The study develops the SLB theory, particularly in relation to situations that require an emotional stance.

Although digital gaming is a widespread leisure activity among adolescents, current perspectives, largely informed by cross-sectional studies, often portray it as a risk factor for psychosocial problems and poorer well‑being. Yet, little is known about how gaming unfolds in adolescents’ daily lives, including its situational contexts, motivations, and real-time affective well‑being. In this study, 211 Swedish adolescents (aged 16–19 years; 69% female) completed experience sampling surveys five times daily over 14 days to examine their digital gaming behavior, motivations, and moment-to-moment associations with affective well‑being. The data showed that more male than female adolescents reported gaming, with on average 7.8 gaming sessions (0.56 per day). Participants reported gaming mostly alone or with known peers, more often in the evenings than in the mornings, and primarily for recreational purposes. Within-person analyses revealed that moments following gaming were associated with increased positive affect, with no significant link to negative affect. These findings challenge concerns about gaming’s negative mental health impacts and suggest that, for many adolescents, gaming can serve as a healthy and enjoyable leisure activity that temporarily boosts mood. Future research using larger samples and denser time-series data may better capture how gaming affects adolescents differently across individuals and contexts.

Digital gaming is a common leisure activity among adolescents, yet its relationship with mental health remains poorly understood. Emerging evidence suggests that gaming motivations may be more informative than gaming behavior per se for understanding adolescent psychological outcomes. The present study examined associations between gaming motives and mental health and identified distinct motivational profiles among adolescent gamers. Participants were Swedish adolescents aged 14–17 years (n = 418; 62.2% boys). Gaming motives were assessed across seven domains, and mental health was operationalized across both dimensions of the dual-continua model: psychopathology, indexed by internalizing and externalizing problems, and positive mental health, indexed by subjective well-being. Latent profile analysis identified four motivational profiles: low-motive gamers, broadly motivated gamers, competition-oriented gamers, and highly motivated gamers. Avoidance-oriented motives (escape, coping, fantasy) were associated with lower well-being and higher internalizing and externalizing problems, whereas competence-related motives (competition, skill development) were associated with more favorable well-being. Two profiles represented potential clinical risk groups: broadly motivated gamers reported the highest internalizing problems, and highly motivated gamers the highest externalizing problems. These findings suggest that assessing gaming motivations and not merely gaming frequency, may improve identification of at-risk adolescents and inform more targeted clinical screening and intervention.

Background The relationship between work experiences, health, well-being, and job satisfaction is important, especially in high-stress professions like healthcare and social work. While work stress effects are well studied, less is known about how work experiences in early professional life impacts health, well-being, and intention to remain in the profession. Therefore, this study aimed to explore associations between work experiences, health, well-being, and the intention to remain in the profession among healthcare and social work professionals, three years after graduation.

Methods The study had a multicentre, cross-sectional design. As part of a larger longitudinal project on health-promoting factors during education and early careers, 165 of 1,751 invited graduates (from biomedical science, dental hygiene, nursing, occupational therapy, physiotherapy, radiology nursing, and social work) completed an online survey between December 2024 and January 2025. Instruments included the Work Experience Measurement Scale (WEMS), Sense of Coherence (SOC-13), and the Salutogenic Health Indicator Scale (SHIS), alongside questions on general health and well-being, physical activity, daily activity, sleep quality, and intention to remain in the profession. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, non-parametric tests, and regression analyses.

Results Higher WEMS total scores were associated with better general health, better well-being, and a higher intention to remain in the profession. Supportive work conditions and internal work experiences were most strongly associated with intention to remain in the profession. Autonomy enhanced health and well-being but did not directly affect intention to remain in the profession. Participants aged 30-36 years reported a lower intention to remain in the profession than those in the younger and older age groups.

Conclusions Positive work experiences may be important for supporting health, well-being, and intention to remain in the profession among healthcare and social work professionals three years after graduation. Lower intention to remain in the profession among those aged 30-36 years suggests a potential need for targeted support during this specific stage of working life. The findings support the integration of early-career support, sustainable leadership, and supportive work conditions into workforce strategies across healthcare professions and social work.

Background Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a serious complication of diabetes, with a lifetime risk of up to 34%. Despite preventive guidelines, gaps remain in the care chain. This study aimed to identify and prioritise improvements in DFU prevention, care, and self-care in the Region Västra Götaland, Sweden.

Methods A participatory action research design was used as part of a larger observational co-design study. Patients with diabetes, healthcare professionals, and researchers participated. Data were collected through Concept Mapping to generate and cluster ideas, followed by a workshop to prioritise improvements. The improvements were assessed regarding feasibility and importance ranging from 0 to 7, with exceptions that some participants scored ideas > 7.

Results Thirty-one participants contributed and based on 83 ideas five clusters were generated: (1) Examination of the feet by healthcare professionals, (2) Exchange of knowledge/Exchange of experiences, (3) Access to podiatry, (4) Economy/Equal care, and (5) Other/Support for self-care. In a workshop with 22 participants, the three prioritised ideas were: (1) Having access to podiatry if problems occur, (2) Getting help when problems arise, and (3) Information from the healthcare about the importance of good foot healthcare. These ideas got 80% or more of all votes within each of the five clusters and were scored > 5 for feasibility and of > 7 for importance. Other prioritised ideas involved enhancing individual self-care capabilities and maintaining personalised interactions despite digitalisation.

Conclusions Timely access to podiatry, increased foot health awareness among healthcare professionals, and rapid intervention when problems arise were identified as key priorities for improving DFU care and patient outcomes.

Purpose

This study aims to review and synthesize longitudinal research on product innovation management and to develop a research agenda using a resource orchestration perspective. Given the absence of comprehensive reviews over the past decade, the study seeks to advance understanding of how innovation processes unfold over time and to identify underexplored areas in the literature, particularly regarding the role of resource structuring in enabling sustained product innovation.

Design/methodology/approach

A systematic literature review was conducted resulting in the inclusion of 219 longitudinal studies on product innovation management. Studies were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria, including a minimum time span of three years. The analysis combined methodological classification with a theory-driven coding approach based on the resource orchestration framework, examining how structuring, bundling and leveraging processes have been addressed in both qualitative and quantitative research.

Findings

The findings show that most longitudinal studies focus on aggregated innovation outcomes and emphasize resource bundling and leveraging, while resource structuring remains underexamined. In particular, the configuration and development of human resources are largely overlooked despite their importance for long-term innovation. The review also reveals limited integration of orchestration processes over time, highlighting a lack of holistic perspectives on how structuring, bundling and leveraging interact dynamically in innovation processes.

Originality/value

This study provides an updated systematic review of longitudinal product innovation management research and offers a resource orchestration-based research agenda. By identifying resource structuring – especially human resource configuration – as a critical but neglected area, the study extends current innovation research and offers a detailed, theory-driven agenda for future longitudinal studies.

Knowledge is central to urban planning, yet limited attention has been paid to how different knowledge types and claims shape conflict development across administrative planning contexts. While time and planning temporalities have been examined from various perspectives, their specific role in planning conflicts remains underexplored. This article advances understanding of how planning contexts, together with their temporal dimensions, influence knowledge practices and contribute to conflict dynamics. Using interviews and document analysis from three urban planning conflicts in Sweden, we apply an analytical framework integrating knowledge types, knowledge claims, administrative context, and temporal dimensions. Our results show, first, that lay experiences and knowledge were largely transformed into professionalized knowledge by community groups across all cases. Second, decision timing, process duration, and the temporal frames embedded in planning approaches significantly shaped conflict trajectories. Third, conflicts intensified when planning approaches with differing time frames – such as forecasting and backcasting – were conflated. Overall, the framework enabled a deeper understanding of how knowledge use and temporal dimensions interact to influence conflict development. Incorporating temporal analysis, including how temporal structures reflect power dynamics, can strengthen the design of participatory planning processes by addressing underlying drivers of conflict in complex planning contexts.

This study investigates the effect of interlayer temperature control and post-processing heat treatments on the microstructure and hardness of modified PH 13-8 Mo manufactured using directed energy deposition with a laser beam and powder (DED-LB/p). Modified PH 13-8 Mo blocks were deposited at controlled interlayer temperatures. By controlling the interlayer temperature (180 ± 5 °C) above the Ms temperature, a relatively homogeneous microstructure and hardness (344 ± 7 HV0.2) were achieved in the as-deposited material. The average hardness of the depositions increased to 366 ± 15 HV0.2 and 397 ± 32 HV0.2 as interlayer temperatures (100 ± 5 °C and 30 ± 5 °C) decreased below the Ms temperature, accompanied by a transition from a more homogeneous to a heterogeneous microstructure, driven by the intrinsic heat treatment during deposition. Additionally, the blocks were subjected to post-processing solution heat treatment, which reduced microstructural variations, leading to comparable hardness values regardless of interlayer temperature. The highest average hardness (528 HV0.2) across all interlayer temperatures was achieved after solution heat treatment followed by aging. These findings highlight the potential and effectiveness of interlayer temperature control and post-processing heat treatments to tailor the microstructure and hardness of modified PH 13-8 Mo manufactured by DED-LB/p

Metal Additive Manufacturing (MAM) enables resource efficient production however poses sustainability challenges due to high energy demand and inert gas usage. This study experimentally quantifies subsystem-level energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions during Directed Energy Deposition with laser and powder feed (DED-LB/p) using Inconel 718. Real-time power measurements were conducted on a 3-axis gantry DED system to characterize the operational profiles of the fiber laser, motion control system, powder-gas feeder, and the cooling unit under idle and active states. Argon consumption was also quantified, and all data were integrated into a cradle-to-gate Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) framework. Findings show that the fiber laser operation is the dominant contributor to process energy, while argon emissions contribute only marginally to the environmental footprint when powered by renewable electricity mix. Additionally, build strategy particularly layer count and interpass idle duration strongly influences overall efficiency. The sustainability impact is primarily driven by the embodied energy of powder production, with recycled powder yielding significant reductions in both energy demand and CO2-equivalent emissions. This study provides new experimental insight into subsystem-level contributions within DED-LB/p and identifies process optimization and recycled powder utilisation as strategies for advancing energy and resource efficient metal additive manufacturing.

Ensuring consistent surface quality in friction stir welding (FSW) remains a challenge due to the complex interaction between process parameters such as axial force, rotational speed, and travel speed that govern heat generation and material flow. This study presents a data-driven and physically interpretable machine learning framework to predict weld surface quality directly from these parameters. Thirty robot-assisted FSW trials were performed on sand cast aluminium plates, varying axial force (4–7 kN), rotational speed (700–1700 rpm), and travel speed (180–300 mm min−1) at a constant tool tilt of 1°. The resulting welds were classified into four surface-quality categories: good weld, flash/burr, surface roughness, and surface void. Four models logistic regression, support vector machine, random forest, and artificial neural network were trained and validated using stratified five-fold cross validation. The support vector machine achieved the highest performance, with 81.8 % accuracy and a balanced precision recall score of approximately 0.77. Decision-boundary maps and calibrated probability predictions identified an optimal defect-free process window (≈ 4–6 kN, 1200–1500 rpm, ≥ 300 mm min−1), consistent with known thermo-mechanical behaviour in FSW. The proposed framework integrates predictive analytics with process physics, offering a deployable foundation for real-time, data-driven quality assurance in automated FSW.

The wood manufacturing industry is essential to the net-zero transition, offering renewable materials and biofuels that reduce reliance on fossil-based products. Within this value chain, the sawmill industry plays a key role but remains technologically inconsistent. While many operations are automated to Industry 3.0 standards, Industry 4.0 adoption is limited, and the prevailing mindset still reflects mass production rather than customer-driven approaches. This study aims to enhance sustainability and material efficiency by developing dynamic maintenance strategies that support robust, resilient, and waste-minimized production. Maintenance and reliability in sawmills are underexplored, and this research bridges a gap between industry and academia by leveraging Industry 4.0/5.0 capabilities.

A qualitative case study was conducted at a Swedish sawmill, involving 21 interviews and three workshops with maintenance and operations personnel, supported by a literature review. Findings highlight the importance of communication, collaboration, and clear roles for effective planning and sustainable maintenance. Leadership visibility and continuous competence development are key enablers of change. The study introduces the concept of dynamic maintenance, built on four pillars: shared goals, collaborative organization, value chain coordination, and appropriate technological support. These are enabled by a holistic perspective, organizational readiness for change, and data-driven decision-making. Achieving this requires strong leadership, participation, and a deep understanding of production processes. Competence development must address both organizational and technical aspects, including World-Class Maintenance and smart digitalization aligned with Industry 4.0/5.0.

Erratum:

The authors regret that the original version of this published article contained a wrong reference due to an incorrect manual enter in Zotero, where the foreword author has been wrongly added as editor of the book “The Future Is Now: An Introduction to Prefigurative Politics”. The authors would like to state that the correct reference should be (Monticelli, 2024) and not (Monticelli and Escobar, 2024). The authors apologise for any inconvenience caused. These changes do not alter the scientific conclusions of the article.

Wire-based laser directed energy deposition (DED) of aluminum alloys remains challenging due to the formation of surface oxide films, which strongly influence melt-pool dynamics, wetting behavior, and process stability. The use of cored wire feedstock may further intensify this challenge by introducing additional oxide content into the melt pool. Laser beam shaping enables modification of the spatial distribution of laser energy, offering a potential approach to tailoring the process under varying oxidation conditions. This work investigated the influence of beam shaping on melt pool oxide coverage during laser processing of pre-placed solid and cored 7xxx aluminum alloy wires. Five distinct beam profiles were applied under constant line energy input, and the areas of oxide-free regions were extracted from high-speed imaging. The results show that under high-oxide conditions associated with cored wire, externally introduced oxide content dominates the behavior of the oxide-free region within the melt pool area. In contrast, for solid wire, the oxide-free region exhibits a clear dependence on beam shape, as the induced surface melt flows drive the oxides laterally toward the sides. Moreover, beam profiles with a wider leading edge result in expanded molten regions and oxide-free areas. These findings demonstrate the conditional effectiveness of beam shaping in mitigating oxide coverage during laser processing of high-strength aluminum alloys. 

This study investigates, for the first time, the oxidation resistance of a novel Al0.3CrFeNiTi0.3 high-entropy alloy (HEA) coating produced via high velocity air fuel (HVAF) spray, examined by isothermal oxidation at 500, 700 and 900 °C for up to 200 h. The oxidation rate coefficient (kh) was determined by measuring the change in thermally grown oxide (TGO) layer thickness and converted to an approximate mass-based coefficient (kp) for easier comparison to oxidation resistant materials. XRD and SEM/EDS analysis determined the phase and microstructural characteristics of the coating. The oxidation testing at 500 °C indicated negligible surface oxidation, however, at 700 and 900 °C, the coating formed a complex, multilayered, TGO layer, comprised of Al2O3, Cr2O3 and a mix of TiFe2O4 and NiFe2O4 spinel oxides. The calculated oxidation rate coefficients (kp) of 9.6x10−14 and 1.1x10−12 g2/cm−4 s−1 at 700 and 900 °C, respectively.

Autogenous laser beam fillet welding of stainless-steel lap joints has a narrow process window because small changes in joint fit-up and beam placement at the top-sheet edge can cause large variations in seam geometry and fusion to the lower sheet. This work evaluated the influence of deformable mirror-based beam shaping on the weld formation. Five beam shapes were compared to a conventional top-hat reference case under otherwise identical welding conditions. Weld surface geometry was evaluated using laser line scanning along the seam for qualitative assessment of seam geometry and apparent weld width. Metallographic cross-sections were used to assess fusion zone geometry. Weld surface scans and transverse cross-sections show that beam shaping modifies seam geometry and fusion-zone formation. Compared to the top-hat reference, the shaped beams produced smoother weld surfaces and wider, shallower fusion regions to the lower sheet. The asymmetric beam shapes, oriented with the wider side of the intensity distribution toward the upper sheet, slightly increased (or maintained) throat thickness relative to the reference. Overall, deformable mirror- based beam shaping enables targeted redistribution of energy to tailor fusion geometry and shows potential to improve consistency in autogenous laser lap-fillet welding. 

Deposition of various coatings on surface of engineering components with the aim to improve their performance concerning wear, corrosion, friction, and thermal protection is already a standard practice. In special cases, depositing metallic NiTi shape memory alloy coatings may be a viable alternative for hard ceramic coatings. NiTi coatings offer additional benefits originating from their unique functional thermomechanical properties. However, fabrication of thick NiTi coatings turned out to be difficult. Standard electroplating and laser cladding methods are not suitable for NiTi, the most widely used plasma spray methods tend to produce chemically inhomogeneous coatings that do not transform martensitically, cold sprayed NiTi coatings suffer from poor adhesion to the substrates. In this work, we report on first ever successful fabrication of thick NiTi coatings (100-300 mu m) that display functional thermomechanical properties and simultaneously show very good adherence to the substrate. We used high velocity air fuel thermal spray method to fabricate NiTi coatings deposited on mild steel using four different sets of fabrication parameters. Chemical composition, porosity, microstructure, phase transformation and functional thermomechanical properties of the NiTi coatings were evaluated. Although the coatings contain inhomogeneous microstructure, voids, oxide particles, high density of dislocation defects and internal stress, they undergo martensitic transformation upon cooling and/or mechanical loading. As sprayed NiTi coatings need to be annealed to display functional thermomechanical properties. Despite their limited tensile strength, the coatings displayed thermal actuation in 3-point bending tests and shape memory effects in nanoindentation and scratch tests.

Background: The primary focus of work-integrated learning for newly graduated registered nurses is the ongoing development of professional roles, knowledge, and skills. Little is known about how integrating such learning into daily work could influence newly graduated registered nurses’ experiences of job satisfaction and stress. The aim of this study is to explore the associations among newly graduated registered nurses’ experiences of work-integrated learning, job satisfaction, and stress.

Design: This study employed a cross-sectional research design. Settings: A survey was distributed to a sample of newly graduated registered nurses employed at two rural hospitals and one university hospital in Sweden, across departments such as emergency, medical, and surgical units. Participants: A total of 221 newly graduated registered nurses within their first two years of practice participated in the study.

Methods: The survey included demographic data, as well as the instruments Experienced WorkIntegrated Learning, the Short Index of Job Satisfaction, and the Single-Item Measure of Stress Symptoms. Two multiple regression models were analysed to explore associations between the variables.

Results: The results indicate that the experienced learning dimension ‘Developing a relational nursing role’ is positively related to job satisfaction (beta: .18; C.I: -.00, .39; p: .05) and that the experienced learning dimension ‘Striving for confidence in medical-technical performance’ is negatively related to stress (beta: -.29; C.I: -.06, .18; p: .03).

Conclusion: Our findings indicate that learning plays a role in increasing job satisfaction and reducing stress among newly graduated registered nurses. It is recommended that healthcare organizations should prioritize work-integrated learning opportunities, which are essential for the development of both relational nursing roles and medical-technical competencies, in both daily clinical practice and emergency situations.

The cases illustrated above have used salutogenesis in all its nuances. The components of Sense of Coherence have been used to frame design of content, learning methods and assessment. Some cases were framed in the salutogenic orientation, in other cases the content taught covered the concepts in the salutogenic model of health. One case used Antonovsky’s River of Life metaphor to focus on life experiences that shape the components of Sense of Coherence. Together thesecases illustrate how flexible salutogenesis is, both across contexts and when considering which approach to use in teaching. One important aspect of how to teach salutogenesis that has not yet been addressed is the embodied example of the teacher as the role model of ‘how to be’ salutogenic: this is the focus of the final paper.

Constantly facing human suffering and impending death can generate anxiety and insecurity in nursing personnel in end-of-life care. The aim of the study is to reveal nursing personnel’s inner driving force in end-of-life care. A phenomenological hermeneutical method was used to search for meaning in the narrative data collected in this study. The structural analysis resulted in four themes: The appeal in the patient’s vulnerability, The appeal in the patient’s joy, Facing one’s own existence in vulnerability, and Being at home with colleagues. Both vulnerability and joy motivated nursing personnel in caring. The care was often emotionally engaging and oscillated between grief and joy, which required a great deal from the nursing personnel both as professionals and fellow human beings. At the same time the emotionally engaging constituted an inner driving force, which gave them courage to do the best for the patients at the end of life.

Metal gas arc welding (GMAW) is a widely used welding process known for its efficiency and versatility in joining metals. The quality and efficiency of GMAW depends on the selection and optimization of process parameters. This research aims to select suitable process parameters for welding AISI 1006 steel by metal gas arc welding based on tensile test. For this, voltage (V), current (A), and weld speed (inch/min) welding process parameters have been taken into account. Also, modern decision-making software spice logic AHP software has been used. At the end of this research, 29 V, 80 A, and 17 inch/min has been found as suitable process parameters for welding AISI 1006 steel. Additionally, challenges and future trends in GMAW process parameter optimization are highlighted.

Purpose: Type 2 diabetes affects everyday life, requiring patients to learn to live with the illness. Although group-based education can improve clinical outcomes and support self-care, it remains underutilised in Sweden. Only about a fifth of healthcare centres offer group-based education, and many patients opt out of participation. Understanding the various reasons patients opt out is crucial for designing group-based education that meets individual needs and promotes long-term disease management. This study aims to describe variations in the conceptions of patients with type 2 diabetes who opted out of group-based education.

Methods: A phenomenographic approach was applied based on 18 individual interviews with patients in primary care who opted out of group-based education for type 2 diabetes.

Results: Three conceptions emerged regarding group-based education for type 2 diabetes, reflecting patients’ varied views and understanding. Some patients saw no need for group-based education and preferred individual learning. Others recognised the benefits and barriers of group-based education, such as inflexible schedules. Others appreciated the reflective and supportive environment, shared experiences, and greater self-insight.

Conclusions: Patients who declined group-based education held varied conceptions, from preferring individual counselling to recognising benefits. Understanding these variations supports more personalised education and better long-term self-management. These insights may inform clinical and assistive practices by promoting more flexible and person-centered approaches to diabetes education within primary care.

The purpose of this study is to determine MOHV21, a Moho depth model based on an optimal combination of five global seismic and gravimetric-isostatic models of Moho depth by a weighted least squares approach at a resolution of 1° × 1°. For proper weighting among the data, the study starts with determining (mostly missing) standard errors and correlations among the models. The standard errors among the input models range from 1.0 (in Brazil) to 6.8 km (in Peru) and from 0.1 (in Huna Bay) to 6.0 km (in East Pacific Ridge) for Moho depth on land and ocean, respectively. The correlations among the five models range between − 0.99 and + 0.90. The Moho depths for MOHV21 at land regions vary between 14.5 (at the Horn of Africa) and 75 km (in the Himalayas) and between 6.6 (in the Greenland Sea) and 51.8 (in the Gulf of Bothnia) for land and ocean regions, respectively (However, note that, the Gulf of Bothnia belongs to continental crust, while the oceanic crust is generally within 20 km). The standard errors are generally within a few km but reaches 6.8 km (9%) in the highest mountains. The shallow Moho depths along mid-ocean ridges are well exposed in the model. Notable regional Moho highs are visualized in the Tarim basin in NW China of 59 ± 6.5 km and in Central Finland of 57 ± 4.7 km. A comparison of MOHV21 with a mosaic of regional models shows large differences reaching ± 25 km in Africa, Antarctic, and parts of S. America, while the differences are relatively modest in those parts of oceans that are available in the regional models.

Long-distance running is an intra-subjective activity that orients the individual towards his/her own experiences and struggle for achievement within both the narrow context of training and competition and the broader context of life itself. This article takes a hermeneutic phenomenological approach to the obstacles and opportunities entailed in running; within this framework, mindfulness training will be prominently featured. These practices have been shown to strengthen the mind–body connection, increase situational awareness and enhance psychophysical well-being. The aim here is to examine the experiential aspect of long-distance running, aided by various understandings gleaned from mindfulness, phenomenology, Buddhism and sports, with a special emphasis on the memoir What I Talk about When I Talk about Running, by Japanese novelist Haruki Murakami.

As the functionality and services provided by cloud computing increase, control access to these services becomes more complex, and more security breaches are generated. This is mainly based on the emergence of new requirements and constraints in the open, dynamic, heterogeneous, and distributed cloud environment. Despite the importance of identifying these requirements for designing and evaluating access control models, the available studies do not provide a rigorous review of these requirements and the mechanisms that fulfill them. The purpose of this study was to conduct a literature review of the published articles that have dealt with cloud access control requirements and techniques. This paper allowed us to answer the following two research questions: What cloud access control security requirements have been presented in the published literature? What access control mechanisms are proposed to fulfill them? This review yielded 21 requirements and nine mechanisms, reported by 20 manuscripts. The identified requirements in this review will help researchers, academics and practitioners assess the effectiveness of cloud access control models and identify gaps that are not addressed in the proposed solutions. In addition, this review showed the current cloud access control mechanisms used to meet these requirements such as access control based on trust, risk, multi-tenant, and attribute encryption.

Objective Telehealth is increasingly used to expand access to healthcare, but rapid digitalization risks exacerbating exclusion among frail older adults, who often face intersecting limitations related to health, resources, and digital competence. As this group frequently has complex care needs, mapping their experiences is essential to ensure equitable access to digital care. The aim was to map the challenges frail older adults experience when using telehealth services.Methods This scoping review followed Arksey and O’Malley’s framework and PRISMA-ScR guidelines. PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for peer-reviewed empirical studies published in English (January 2015-June 2026). Studies were included if they addressed relevant challenges from the perspectives of frail older adults or those with multimorbidity, disability, cognitive impairment, or dependency. Data were charted and analyzed narratively.Results Of 7200 studies identified, 22 were included. All of them used qualitative methods and were conducted in Europe, North America, and Asia; only four applied formal frailty assessments. Five domains were identified: 1) digital accessibility, 2) digital skills, 3) health status, 4) digital support, and 5) financial resources.Conclusions As frail older adults face multiple, interconnected challenges to telehealth use, including technological and environmental constraints, limited digital competence, health-related impairments, insufficient support, and financial challenges, services should be designed to align with their needs and life circumstances. Accessible design, structured support, affordable connectivity, and active involvement of frail older adults are essential to ensure equitable and inclusive digital healthcare.

Standardized work has been one of several larger research topics in the automotive industry over the years. This paper gives a brief view of the current situation of standardized work in the automotive industry in Sweden. The paper is based on recently performed studies at several automotive actors in Sweden. Most of the present research about standardized work focuses on local premises. Therefore, this paper suggests more focus in future research on how to implement standardized work in global organizations focusing on local demands and cultural differences and similarities.  

Suspension plasma spray offers an effective route for depositing coatings with tailored microstructures and phase compositions. In this study, YbDS and YbDS/YbMS EBCs were deposited by varying plasma chemistry specifically the hydrogen content to regulate silica volatilization during the SPS process. Coatings sprayed with zero hydrogen resulted in predominantly YbDS phases, while varying hydrogen content led to the formation of YbDS/YbMS coating with > 70% amorphous content. Post-deposition heat treatment at 1300 °C for 24 h was employed to examine its improved crystallinity and phase distribution for both the coatings. As-sprayed and heat-treated microstructural analysis revealed that post-heat treatment significantly reduced porosity and promoted crack healing, especially in YbDS/YbMS coatings with approximately 45% YbMS content. Further YbDS/YbMS coatings were exposed to long-term (200 h) isothermal oxidation to evaluate microstructural changes and thermally grown oxide (TGO) formation. Finally, the wet corrosion test at 1200 °C for 500 h and erosion tests were performed on the heat-treated YbDS/YbMS coatings to assess their durability in aggressive environmental conditions.