Background: It's a fundamental principal to protect children's rights. Through legislation, child abuse has been prohibited in many countries. Nurses working with children has a frontline role in identifying and reporting suspected or known child abuse. Mandatory reporting is one of the nurse's duty, reluctancy to report can lead to misconduct but it also leads to children suffering.

Aim: The purpose of this degree project was to identify factors preventing nurses from mandatory reporting of children in health care.

Method: A literature study based on using and analysing nine qualitative articles.

Results: Three themes emerged in the result. The first theme was knowledge deficit, with two subthemes which were the need of education of signs and symptoms and the other subtheme was insufficient experiences. The second theme was nurses strained work environment with three subthemes. The first subtheme was the lack of routines, the second one miss information and the third one lack of cooperation and communication. The third theme consists of two subthemes, which were the lack of emotional support and the experience of fear. The results showed that nurses due to different factors relinquished from mandatory reporting. 

Conclusion: The results highlighted that education and training was needed among nurses to gain knowledge on how to safeguard children and establish mandatory reporting. Thus, support from colleagues and managers agencies dealing with child safety was highly valued by nurses. Implementation of education, training and support could improve the cooperation in protecting children.

Background: Health-related urinary tract infection is increasing every day as patients are treated with urinary catheters. Catheter-associated urinary tract infection does not only cause suffering, prolonged patient care time and increased health care costs, but also overuse of antibiotics. The most common reasons why urinary tract catheters needs to be used are difficulties in empty the bladder and control urinary production. When inserting a catheter into the bladder the recommended method is the aseptic one, and meticulous hygiene routines must be applied. Nurses are responsible for observing early signs of urinary tract infection, documenting and ask how the patient experiences the urinary catheter treatment. Aim: The aim of this study was to illuminate nurses' experiences of urinary catheter and catheter associated urinary tract infection. Method: A method to contribute to evidence-based nursing with ground in analysis of qualitative research was performed to get a better understanding of nurses 'experiences. Result: The results of the analysis are two main themes: Insufficient handling affects the patient and Varying insight about their own ability and limitations. Conclusions: Lack of communication between physicians and nurses threatens patient safety. Nurses have their own responsibility to manage effectively urinary tract catheters to prevent health-related urinary tract infection. There is a need for increased knowledge about the management of urinary tract catheters and the consequences of a catheter-associated urinary tract infection. Time for training and reflection should be planned in departments. For example, there may be hospital-wide education offered, which could be obligatory.

Background: Dementia is a growing health problem that not only affects the individual but also their relatives. Symptoms cause impairment to varying degrees making life difficult for both the individual and their relatives. At first the demented person may be able to cope by himself but often need assistance from family member and healthcare the further down into the disease. Aim: The aim of the study was to describe experiences of being a relative of a person afflicted with dementia, Method: A literature-based study was performed based on ten scientific qualitative studies. Result: Three themes with seven subthemes emerged from the analysis: to get support, a changed relationship and a need for information and education. Conclusion The results showed that a change happens within the relationship to the demented person and that relatives needed support from different places and information and education to manage the changes and their health. The result clearly shows that being a relative to a demented person comes with hardships and changes to one daily life. To be able to withstand the hardships and changes relatives need support throughout the entire disease. They also need information and education about the disease itself but also about death and its process. The nurse has a vital role to support and provide tools for the relative’s wellbeing

Background: According to the World Health Organization, stress is a threat to global health, where there is an increase in healthcare personnel. Previous studies show that the nurses in the emergency room are extra vulnerable. Internationally, major challenges in modern emergency department are seen as a result of overcrowding and extended stay times.

Aim: The purpose was to examine the nurse's experiences of stress in work at the emergency department.

Method: A qualitative literature study was selected to describe nurses' experiences of stress following traumatic events in emergency department. Qualitative studies increase the understanding of the individual's experiences and needs, and how this affects the individual's health.

Results: The result shows that stress at the emergency department is a common problem. Complex care situations, high workload, lack of experience and conflicts in the working group were factors that lead to stress. Effects on physical and emotional health also emerged. Stress can affect the nurse and the quality of care.

Conclusion: The nurse at the emergency department is often exposed in a work environment where stress is common. Therefore, it is important for the nurse to receive support from work management and colleagues in order to be able to handle situations that may lead to impaired patient safety as well as the health of the nurse.

Background: Fibromyalgia is a chronic disease that is difficult to treat and diagnose. The illness is of unknown etiology. The majority of the ill is women. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe women ́s experiences of living with long term pain associated with fibromyalgia. Method: A literature -based study was performed. The database Cinahl was used in the search process. This study includes 11 qualitative articles that have been analysed by a review template. The analysis resulted in two categories "experiences of a changed me" and "experiences of social life" with six subcategories. Results: The consequences of fibromyalgia were that the family life, spare time, social life and working life changed in different ways. The articles also showed that women with fibromyalgia did not receive the understanding they needed from their families or the environment. Conclusion: Women with fibromyalgia feel that they do not get understanding from the outside world. It is important that health care professionals understand and acknowledge these individuals' subjective experiences so that they can give professional care and support.

Background: World Health Orginazation (WHO) reported that cancer is the second leading cause of death globally with estimated 9.6 million deaths in 2018. Sleeplessness is a common problem for people with a cancer diagnosis. Humans sleep around eight hours a day which adds up to a third of life. It is the responsibility of nurses to see to the nursing of patients, including sleep. Limited sleep can lead to a greater risk of contracting immunological diseases. In Swedish hospitals there are few guidelines for handling sleeplessness with patients, therefore a study regarding factors influencing sleep negatively is important for the nursing profession.

Aim: The aim of this study was to describe experiences that influence night sleep for patients with a cancer diagnosis.

Method: The method for this study is a literature review using quantitative and qualitative articles.

Results: Among the factors that influence sleep, the most common were pain, urinary and bowel issues, depression, anxiety, social constraints and cancer related loneliness.

Conclusion: The conclusion of the study is that more guidelines regarding sleep is necessary for the development of nursing.

Since the first successful organ transplant in 1954 performed by the surgeon Joseph Murray this procedure has become the most effective treatment of organ failure. Although the majority has a positive attitude towards organ transplantation, the supply does not meet demand. As a result of this the patients sometimes must wait years for a new organ and some of them dies while waiting.

The aim of this study was to describe patients experiences of waiting for an organ transplant and the method used was a literature study.

Result shows that these patients went through physical, psychological and financial changes during the waiting time. Patients described mixed emotions and different ways of perceiving hope. They long for a "normal" life and the waiting gets harder over time. It's essential for the patients that both they and their next of kin gets repeated and continuously information during the waiting time.

Background: Mental illness is defined differently depending on the context, ranging from symptoms of anxiety and depression to schizophrenia. Mental illness among the population has increased since 1990. A survey done by the Central Bureau of Statistics in Sweden (2006) shows that issues such as anxiety are more common now than before. Twenty-three percent of women aged 16-84 said they had experienced symptoms of anxiety. Thirteen percent of the men aged 16-64 said they had experienced the same. Pre-conceived notions often meet people with mental health issues and there is a stigma surrounding them and their situation.

Aim: The aim of the study was to examine how patients with mental illness experience their contact with health care professionals in health care.

Method: The study was designed as a literature based study. Eleven articles were analyzed, nine articles were found by a systematic search and two articles were found in an unsystematic search.

Results: This study showed two main themes and eight subthemes. The main themes were patients desire to have a good relationship and good interaction with health care professionals. The subthemes were patient confidence in health care professionals, a dedicated staff, patients desire to get person-centered care and to feel involved, to have good continuity in their health care and to have highly available health care professionals around them, to have a good dialogue, be actively listened to, competent health care professionals and being labeled.

Conclusion: The conclusion is that patients that lack trust, commitment from health care professionals or continuity had bad experiences with the health care system. Patients needed to have a mutual relationship with the health care staff to have a good experience with the health care system.

Background: Research have shown children to be a large patient group within the health care sector. Nurses, should therefore, have knowledge about how to individually adapt meetings so it will be a positive experience for the child, the parents, and for themselves. Historically, this has not been the case and created immense care suffering for several families.

Aim: The aim of this study was to illuminate nurses' experiences of meeting children and their parents within the health care sector.

Method: A method to contribute to evidence-based nursing with ground in analysis of qualitative research was performed. An analysis of nine scientific articles was carried out. The analysis resulted in three main themes and eight subthemes.

Results: The main themes were: "To see the child as an individual", "to built trust", and "knowledge and experience are crucial". Knowledge were fundamental for creating a positive meeting.

Conclusion: By individually adapting communication to the child and the parents, good conditions allowed for a trusting relationship to emerge. Time was needed to create a safe and trusting relationship. However, it did not always exist. With knowledge and experience the nurse could see the child as an individual and adapt the meeting to the child. It was the responsibility of the nurse to gain the necessary knowledge, and to reflect with colleagues was seen as an important source to attain new knowledge.

Background: Humour has been a part of mankind since ancient time and affects the human being in several ways. Communication is essential in creating a relationship and humour may improve the possibility that a nurse and a patient succeed in building a therapeutic relationship.

Aim: The aim of this literature review was to illuminate humour in the therapeutic relationship between nurse and patient.

Method: The method used was a literature review. Systematic searches were conducted in the databases Cinahl and PubMed where eight articles were found, a ninth article was found by a non-systematic search. The articles were then analyzed through Friberg's five-step model for literature reviews.

Results: Four themes occurred. Humour as a brick in building a bridge in the therapeutic relationship, Experiences and effects of humour in the therapeutic relationship, Barriers and fears when using humour in the therapeutic relationship and Gender and humour in the therapeutic relationship. The result suggests that humour is useful in building a therapeutic relationship and is being used frequently, yet there are times when nurses hesitate to use humour due to the lack of experience. There also occurred a difference in how humour is used due to the gender of the patient.

Conclusion: Humour is mainly a positive experience in the therapeutic relationship and should be used as it makes communication easier and makes it easier for nurses and patients to bond. The way using humour differs in gender must be considered by the nurse.

Background: Diabetes mellitus type 1 is a lifelong chronic disease, which means constant contact with health care. Newly diagnosed patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 are admitted to hospital for approximately four days, during which time they and their relatives receive sufficient education to cope with everyday life at home.

Aim: To illuminate nurses' experiences of educating newly diagnosed patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 in a hospital environment.

Method: Six qualitative, two quantitative and two mixed-method articles were analysed. The studies took place in a hospital environment where nurses played a vital role in education about type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Results: Three themes emerged; Continuous staff training, which demonstrated that lack of time was the main reason for not having continuous staff training, Individualizing patient education, which illustrated the importance of individualized education for encouraging both patients and relatives to become more involved in the care and Working in a multi-professional team, which enabled nurses to individualize and take a person-centred approach to patient care.

Conclusion: Overall, nurses cite lack of time as a common reason for inadequate care as well as the absence of education for both patients and nurses. Individualizing patient education with regard to age, family situation and previous knowledge increases the likelihood of a safe and secure discharge. In order to create safe patient care, multi-professional collaboration is necessary to allow nurses to focus on providing individualized and person-centred care.

Background Depression is a common mental disorder worldwide, that embrace more than 264 million people. Depression can lead impaired ability to perform everyday tasks such as work and school. Previous research has shown that physical activity can reduce depressive symptoms. The aim of nursing is for the patient to experience health. It can be fulfilled by the nurse supporting and teaching patients to find tools and motivating patients to self-care.

Aim The aim of this study was to illuminate people's experience of physical activity in case of depression.

Method A literature review based on the content of eight qualitative studies. Analyzed using a qualitative content analysis based on a five-step model to understand the experiences of depressed individuals.

Results The findings revealed two main themes and five subthemes. The first theme was motivation has meaning with three subthemes to feel resistance, own and others influence, self-confidence has an impact. The first theme describes factors that either enabled or prevented individuals from performing physical activity. The second theme was contributing to recovery with two subthemes symptoms are alleviated and leads to recovery. The second theme describes that physical activity contributes to the recovery of depression, for example by increasing well-being.

Conclusion The results of the literature study show that experiences of physical activity are largely positive among individuals with depression, such as improvement of depressive symptoms and increased well-being. In some cases, the depression aggravated, which manifested itself through stress and anxiety. Support from the environment was a factor that could motivate to physical activity.

Background: Burns are a global problem and more people survive today. After a burn injury a long rehabilitation time can wait, both physical and psychological and little is known about the patients' experiences after a burn injury. 

Aim: The aim of this study is to illuminate patients' experience of life after a burn injury. 

Method: A method is used to contribute to evidence-based nursing, based on analysis of qualitative research. Data was collected from analyzing eleven scientific articles. 

Results: Two themes with five sub-themes emerged. Results show that patients' experience increased vulnerability in relation to changes in the skin, the changed appearance and the mental stress. The feeling of pain, itching, stigmatization and anxiety are some of the experiences that create problems in everyday life. They also found that the experience of support and acceptance by the burned was part of the process of returning to life. 

Conclusion: The result showed that suffering from a burn causes remaining problems after the injury. The patients needed support to be able to accept what happened and return to life.

Background: Educational environments are considered important in strengthening students’ health status and knowledge, which are associated with good educational outcomes. It has been suggested to establish healthy universities based on a salutogenic approach – namely, health promotion. The aim of this study was to describe health-promoting resources and factors among first-semester students in higher education in healthcare and social work. Methods: This cross-sectional study is based on a survey distributed among all students in seven healthcare and social work programmes at six universities in southern Sweden. The survey was carried out in 2018 using a self-reported, web-based questionnaire focussing on general health and well-being, lifestyle factors together with three validated instruments measuring health-promoting factors and processes: the Sense of Coherence (SOC) scale, Salutogenic Health Indicator Scale (SHIS) and Occupational Balance Questionnaire (OBQ). Results: Of 2283 students, 851 (37.3%) completed the survey, of whom 742 (87.1%) were women; 722 (84.8%) were enrolled on healthcare programmes, and 129 (15.2%) were enrolled on social work programmes. Most reported good general health and well-being (88.1% and 83.7%, respectively). The total mean scores for the SOC scale, SHIS and OBQ were, respectively, 59.09 (SD = 11.78), 44.04 (SD = 9.38) and 26.40 (SD = 7.07). Well-being and several healthy lifestyles were related to better general health and higher SOC, SHIS and OBQ scores. Multiple linear and logistic regressions showed that perceived well-being and no sleeping problems significantly predicted higher general health and higher SOC, SHIS and OBQ scores. Being less sedentary and non-smoking habits were significant predictors of higher SOC. Conclusions: Swedish students in higher education within the healthcare and social work sector report good general health and well-being in the first semester, as well as health-promoting resources (i.e. SOC, SHIS and OBQ), and in some aspects, a healthy lifestyle. High-intensity exercise, no sleeping problems and non-smoking seem to be of importance to both general health and health-promotive resources. This study contributes to knowledge about the health promotive characteristics of students in the healthcare and social work fields, which is of importance for planning universities with a salutogenic approach. © 2022, The Author(s).

Background: During the recent years a great amount of unaccompanied children have arrived to Sweden. They constitute a vulnerable group since they lack the protection of an adult. Previous research shows that they often have traumatic experiences and suffer from mental health problems. Nurses need to be aware of these issues to be able to provide good care for the asylum seeking children. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe the experiences of unaccompanied children seeking asylum. Method: A literature review based on the content of six qualitative studies, four quantitative studies and two studies of mixed method. Results: The findings revealed four main themes; Being a survivor, Almost in safety, Mental vulnerability and Creating a new life. The results show that the children have survived war and persecution and have had to leave their families to search for safety. They have a great fear of being sent back and express a need for support and encouragement. It also appears that many of the children feel lonely and isolated and that a significant part suffer from mental health problems such as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, depression and anxiety. The children strive to create a new network and to succeed. Conclusion: To be able to help unaccompanied children with traumatic experiences and consequences thereof, it is important for the nurse to build a relation based on trust. It is useful for nurses to engage a life-world perspective, since it includes a holistic view of the children and their lived reality.

Background: Palliative care aims to improve the quality of life of patients who have life-threatening illnesses. When patients are diagnosed with serious illnesses, it is the intimate parties who are concerned about the patient's health. Intimate parties are the ones to provide care and therefore, they need social and emotional support from the nurses involved.

Aim: To describe how intimate parties felt about nurses' support during palliative care.

Method: A qualitative method was chosen as this was appropriate in addressing the aim of the study.

Results: A literature based study was performed and ten empirical qualitative articles were analysed. The results were processed using the Friberg method of analysis. The result of this literature based study consists of two main categories of Emotional and Practical Support, as well as five subcategories. Intimate parties' sensations of being relieved and receiving tools that made it simpler to care for their loved ones were the focus of the practical help. Emotional support requires providing information as well as being present and supporting intimate parties after the patient has passed away.

Discussion: A qualitative palliative care and sustained assistance for intimate parties before and after the death of the patient are dependent on intimate parties’ support

Conclusions: During palliative care, it is crucial for the nurse to support the intimate parties. As a nurse, it is important to consider and respond to the needs of the intimate parties in order to provide them with the support they need in these hard times.

Background: Children in a palliative stage must be cared for based on their individual needs. The nurse must have the ability to prevent suffering, treat the guardians and child with respect, compassion and be able to meet their needs. For the nurse to be able to give the best care, the four cornerstones in palliative care are a fitting guide. These being communication, supporting relatives, relieving symptoms and being able to work in teams.

Aim: The aim of this study was to describe nurses' experiences of caring for children in a palliative stage.

Method: This study was literature based on an inductive approach. Ten studies were analyzed using Friberg´s five steps.

Results: After the analysis two new categories and six subcategories emerged. The main themes were the caring relationship between the child and the guardians and professional challenges in palliative care of children. The nurses perceived the importance of being able to communicate with the guardians and child, as well as being able to cope with their own emotions. Several nurses expressed lack of education.

Conclusion: The nurses experience shows that they have a tough job with different challenges and tasks. The work is giving but straining and changes need to be made to make it sustainable for the nurses. Better conditions are needed, for example increased education in communication. With the right support, education and coping strategies the ability to provide the right care for the child and guardians is possible

Background: Each year there are thousands of children abused in Sweden. This can result in lifelong consequences not only for the children, but also for the society. Verified statistics show an increasing number of child abuse in Sweden in recent years. As per Swedish law, nurses are required to report child abuse, but despite the law requirement the studies indicated that reporting is not always done.

Aim: The aim of this study was to describe nurses' experiences of reporting a suspected child abuse to social services.

Method: A method to contribute to evidence-based nursing based on analysis of qualitative research was performed to deepen understanding. An analysis of eight qualitative research articles was carried out. The analysis resulted in four main categories and nine sub categories.

Results: The main categories were: Worksite factors, barriers for not reporting, personal factors caused by the nurse, lack of or poor functioning cooperation with social services.

Conclusion: This study indicates, that nurses need experience, training, support and information and also clear guidelines and feedback from social services.

Background: Pressure ulcer are one of the most common healthcare injuries and is a challenge for healthcare professionals. A pressure ulcer occurs from pressure or shear or a combination of both and it is mainly the elderly who are at risk. Pressure-relieving aids are used to prevent the pressure ulcer. The patient's experience is important in the care in order to prevent the pressure ulcer. Not understanding the patient's experience can lead to missed care and actions which in turn can lead to serious consequences.

Aim: To describe patient's experiences of living with pressure ulcers.

Method: A literature study was performed. An analysis of eleven qualitative articles that focused on the patient's experiences of pressure ulcers were conducted.

Results: Two main themes and six subthemes emerged. The result presents the two main theme: Physical impact and Mental impact. Physical impact describes that pressure ulcers are painful and limit patient's mobility, which leads to becoming dependent on nursing care. Mental impact describes that the pressure ulcer causes the patients to isolate themselves, become dependent of others and lead to feelings of hopelessness.

Conclusion: Patients experienced that being dependent on others are difficult and they experienced feelings of worthless and incapable. The smell and pain of the pressure ulcer and its wound fluids impairs patient's self-esteem and wellbeing, resulting in social isolation and hopelessness.

Background: Palliative care is an approach that aims to increase both the quality of life of patients and related parties, as far as possible, to relieve suffering and promote health at the end of life. Palliative care is based on teamwork, where relatives play an important role. Participation from related parties have a large significant role which is emotionally and physically exhausting. Communication and language is prerequisite understanding the experiences and realities of health and suffering.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to illuminate the relatives experiences of nurse communication, support and treatment in a palliative care in the home.

Method: The method is a systematic literature review of the basis of qualitative research, contributing to evidence-based nursing. A total of eight scientific articles have been used on studying closely related experiences.

Results: The results show that relatives were in need of support from the nurse to participate in care. As well as communication and response from the nurse was important in how relatives experienced support and how this contributed to a good quality of care. The results are divided into two main themes and seven sub-themes.

Conclusion: Inadequate communication and response from the nurse emerges and this led to the suffering and feeling of abandonment and disappointment among of the relatives. More research is needed on the basis of relatives perspectives because they became more involved in the care. Nurses need to increase their knowledge and understanding of communication and treatment of disease process and the dying process, as this can allow for better care. The relatives felt the support from the nurse as important.

Background: Anxiety is a common and unpleasant emotional state that affects many patients while waiting for surgery. Anxiety is described as an undesirable feeling of nervousness caused of a potential threat. It is an uncomfortable state of mind and can elicit physiological responses. Adequate nurse interventions that relieve anxiety improve the patient's condition, which lead to better recovery.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to describe the preoperative care, that can alleviate the patient's anxiety associated with surgery. Method: The method of study is a literature review of 12 scientific articles, of which 11 quantitative and one qualitative which cover nursing interventions that can alleviate preoperative anxiety. The search took place in the databases PubMed and Cinahl. This study was based on Friberg's model for the literature review.

Results: Result of the study presents three categories that contain different care interventions to alleviate the patient's preoperative anxiety: auditory, physical, and informational. Six care interventions are described in total. Music and aromatherapy proved to be simple and cost-effective care interventions. Acupuncture, hand massage and heating can be considered more expensive in comparison, because they require additional staff training, equipment and require more time. Person-centred information helps the patient to better understand the upcoming operation, which is seen as a way to promote and protect the patient's well-being. Conclusion: Nurses should understand that it is important to reduce preoperative anxiety in patients. It is equally important that nurses can balance patient care needs and appropriate nursing interventions for each patient. Through active listening and attention to non-verbal signals from patients, nurses understand better the patient's needs and can decide which care interventions can reduce anxiety.

Background: Occupational stress is a growing problem in caring professions, with consequences such as mental and physical ill health for the individual, which in turn can lead to increased long-term sick leave. Research shows that long-term sickness caused by mental illness can be associated with working conditions, where individuals who work in caring professions tend to be more vulnerable.

Aim: The aim with this study was to illuminate the social workers' experience of occupational stress within the unit of financial aid in the social service.

Method: A qualitative study was performed where six respondents participated in interviews. Content analysis was used to analyze the interviews. 

Results: Three themes emerged during the analysis; to feel pressure in the work situation, to feel support and to feel wellbeing. The result shows that workload and lack of time were factors that caused stress at work. A promoting factor was colleagues at work. Social workers experienced the tasks at work as meaningful but could sometimes feel insufficient.

Conclusion: The findings of this study point out that social workers experience stress at work and it affects their physical and mental health. This study wants to increase knowledge of occupational stress which can be a profit for social workers in the financial aid. Prevention can help social workers to improve their health and wellbeing. New findings in this study point out that social workers highlights the absence from work as a contributing factor to experience stress at work.

Background: The nurse’s workload can be affected by the work environment and the type of tasks performed in the workplace. Health issues and work-related suffering can be seen when the workload in considered high.

Aim: The aim of this study was to illuminate the nurse’s experiences of high workload in hospital environment.

Method: The design was a qualitative literature study with inductive onset. The data was collected from interviews in articles. The articles were searched systematically in 3 databases: PubMed, Cinahl and PsycInfo. Nine articles were obtained through systematic searches and one article was obtained through a non-systematic search, which made the analysis material consisting of 10 articles. Friberg’s 5-step qualitative analysis was used in this literature study.

Results: The result was categorized into 3 main categories and 7 sub-categories. The main categories were: To affect the work environment, to distribute work tasks, to understand the consequences of inadequacy. The sub-categories were: To maintain communication and cooperation between staff, to master knowledge, to deal with lack of time, to maintain staffing, to protect nursing measures, to be stressed and frustrated, to feel physical exhaustion.

Conclusion: High workload for nurses in hospital environment was caused by a non-optimal work environment, high number of patients and high number of work tasks. The nurses experienced deterioration in health due to high workload. 

Background: Knowledge of how the nurse relates to the palliative patient and how the nurses hould respond to palliative care situations is the basis for equal and fair care. Attention was paid to the variation in the treatment of the nurses towards the patients. The observation raised the question of what is required for nurses to feel comfortable in their competence and treatment.

Aim: The purpose is to describe the nurse's knowledge in palliative care for the patient to receive a dignified ending.

Method: The method chosen is a literature review to describe the knowledge in the problem area. The motivation of the chosen method is governed by the purpose and issues we have chosen. Literature overview means creating an overview of a limited topic but also compiling existing knowledge within the subject. In our case, nurses need knowledge in palliative care. In a literature review both quantitative and qualitative articles are used.

Results: The results are divided into categories and subcategories and highlight that there is a need for knowledge in the nurse to feel confident in her professional profession in the care of palliative patients. The nurse's shortcomings can lead to the patient being cared for in palliative care not receiving a dignified death. The results address the desire for a palliative care course in nursing education and that attitudes are affected by the nurse's own feeling of fear and ignorance.

Conclusion: The results of the study show that the nurse does not have sufficient knowledge of palliative care, which affects the quality of nursing. Cooperation with colleagues and support for each other is important for care and for the nurse to feel secure in her professional role. There are negative feelings in the nurse with a lack of knowledge and experience, which can negatively affect the nursing, which can create suffering for the patient and affect the end of life. Attitudes are affected by lack of knowledge but can also affect the patient's suffering.

Background: One third of all women in the world are exposed to violence, it is a global public health problem. Violence in a close relationship can be problematic to detect because signs of violence can appear in several different ways. The nurse area of expertise has a significant role when it comes to identifying women exposed to violence in order to be able to promote health. The nurse's response can be a crucial part of whether the woman dares to talk about her exposure to violence.

Aim: The aim of the study was to describe the nurse's experiences of dealing with women who have been subjected to violence in a close relationship

Method: A literature study based on a qualitative method where eight articles were analyzed with Friberg's five-step model.

Results: The results of the literature study draw attention to factors that affect the nurse in the meeting with the woman exposed to violence in a close relationship. The results were divided into two main themes and five sub-themes 

Conclusion: The meeting with the woman who is exposed to violence in a close relationship is experienced as complicated. Nurses need more knowledge, support and clear guidelines to feel confident in meeting the women. To be able to break preconceived notions and normsabout violence in close relationships, a broader awareness in society is needed.

Background Anorexia nervosa is a serious mental illness that mainly affects young people and is characterized by how the person thinks and feels in relation to food, eating and their own body. The disease has a major impact on the person's daily life and can adversely affect people around them. As a nurse, it is important to be able to understand, respond to and provide good care to someone with Anorexia nervosa. By gaining an increased understanding of what it means to live with the disease, the nurse can relieve the suffering and improve the health of the person who is ill.

Aim The study aimed to illuminate experiences of living with Anorexia nervosa. 

Method A qualitative study, based on the content of eleven scientific articles.

Results The findings revealed three main themes: The feeling of an inner conflict, The importance of being part of care and Being part of a context. The results showed that the participants who suffered from Anorexia nervosa had a need for control and a perfectionist behavior that affected large parts of their life. Several participants in the study describe how relationships with family and friends are affected by the disease and how society's view of Anorexia nervosa leads to increased loneliness and isolation. The study also illuminates theparticipants ' view of nurses' role and the healthcare. 

Conclusion The conclusion of the results from the reviewed articles shows that life is affected in many ways for those living with Anorexia nervosa. It became clear that the disease is characterized by suffering when it comes to understanding one's own self-image and that they experience an isolating loneliness. Several people also mention how guilt and shame over having the disease affected life. Then society has an image that Anorexia nervosa is only about achieving a perfect appearance. It was also shown that the nurse has a significant role in the person's recovery.

Background: According to World Health Organization is palliative care a human right. The focus of palliative care is relieving suffering and having quality of life as the main goal. The nurse's role is to enable symptom control, to be a support for the patient and close relatives, as well as contributing to a good and worthy death. Although death is a part of life, strong feelings arise about death and the dying. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe nurse experiences of palliative care. Method: The method used was a literature study based on international qualitative research. Eleven articles were analyzed and resulted in four main themes and nine sub-themes. Results: The findings were four main themes; the profession, relationships, work environment and feelings as well as nine sub themes; experiences and knowledges, the patient, relatives, stress, support from colleagues, lack of support from colleagues, grief and impotency, satisfaction and mental strain. Conclusion: The nurse’s experience of palliative care is individual and varies depending on, experience, interaction with colleagues and self-perception regarding individual values and existential questions.

Heart failure is one of the most common diagnoses in Swedish health care. Approximately 250 000 people in Sweden are estimated to have a heart failure and approximately 30 000 new patients are diagnosed every year. Heart failure is a serious illness with server symptoms and high mortality. The aim of this study was to illustrate patients with heart failures experiences of quality of life. The method that was used is a literature-based study of 12 qualitative articles that was based on their results. The included articles were published between 2003-2014. The majority of the participants were in the scale between NYHA-II-III. The result shows that patients with heart failure experienced symptom burden that limited their daily life. They described a constant struggle between the illness and the feeling of maintaining the roll they once had. The most important thing was to find strategies to maintain the quality in life and to have good spirit and positive thought. The result was presented in four themes: When the body sets limits, feelings taking over, captive in your own home and an uncertain future. The conclusion that can be drawn from the results of this study is that the experience of quality of life is highly individual and depends mostly on how the experience of the disease is being managed by the individual.

Background: Patients with life-threatening illnesses benefit from palliative care, which seeks to improve their quality of life. When a patient is diagnosed with a serious illness, it is the professional role of the nurse to contribute to supporting patients with safe and good palliative care, and to support individual to live with dignity in the face of incurable disease and the end of life.

Aim: The aim of the study was to describe the nurse´s experiences providing good nursing in late palliative care. Method: Literature-based study was used with qualitative design since it was used addressing the study’s aim. Seven articles were included.

Results: The result was compiled and from this emerged two main themes, Emotional impact and Organizational shortcomings. When nurses work in palliative care, they can face a variety of stresses. When caring for patients in their later stages of life, nurses often feel inadequate due to lack of time and resources. Nurses also suffer from a lack of organization, which means that they cannot provide the best possible treatment in palliative care.

Conclusion: When nurses work in palliative care, they may face a variety of pressures. When caring for patients in their later phases of life, nurses often feel inadequate due to a lack of time and resources. Nurses also suffer from a lack of organization, which means that they lack organizational opportunities, because they cannot provide the best possible treatment in palliative care

Background: Threats and violence against healthcare staff is an international concern worldwide. Specifically nurses are at high risk of experiencing threats and violence at their workplace. A threatening and violent work environment creates huge difficulties for the nurses involved. Aim: The purpose of the study was to describe nurse's experience of threats and violence in their workplace by patients and people that are related to the patient. Method: The method used was a literature study based on qualitative research. Ten articles were analyzed according to Friberg's five step model and resulted in two main themes and eight sub-themes. Results: The nurses experience were divided into two main categories; experience of feelings and the nurse's experience of consequences. Conclusion: The result showed that the nurses experience of threats and violence in the workplace affected their ability to work and their private life negatively. Consequently, having a negative influence on their patient care. Therefore, it is necessary to pay more attention to nurses working environment by applying different strategies to combat the threats and violence experienced by identifying the root cause and managing the problem.

Burnout due to work-related stress is increasing in the society. Many studies concern the causes and effects of burnout, but rarely concern the experiences of those who are living with burnout. The aim of this study was to examine the experience of living with burnout. The concepts of health, suffering, burnout, stress and coping are briefly described in the background. The method that was used is a literature-based study with the analysis of qualitative research. This study is based on eight qualitative articles. Six themes emerged; Physical experiences, Psychological experiences and Existential experiences, Work experiences, Experiences of relations in private life and Experiences of demands and expectations. The results shows that burnout affects a person on many different levels. Dealing with burnout involves a range of varieties of symtoms, physical as well as psychological and social. Physical symtoms that appeared among the participants were for instance fatigue, brain fog, headache and palpitations. Social and relational problems as bad conscience, low self- esteem and feelings of inadequacy were experienced. Emotional disturbances and existential reflections were common amongst those who were suffering from burnout.

Background: People that suffer from stroke become a regular patient category in hospitals. A severe change in the patient's living situation occurs both physically, mentally and socially. A stroke can cause physical as well as cognitive impairments. When patients lose their physical ability it often leads to a sense of loss. The disability prevents the stroke survivors from living as before and they feel they are no longer in control of their lives.

Aim: To describe patient's experiences of performing activities of daily living after a stroke.

Method: Method of contributing to evidence-based nursing based on analysis of qualitative research.

Results: The result is described in two main themes: being physically limited and being psychosocially limited. Patients described traumatic and emotional experiences when they were not able to control their body and suddenly became dependent on nursing. Nurses have an important role in making the patient involved in nursing care to facilitate the patient's sense of dignity. The patients had difficulty processing their feelings after the stroke and they felt worried about the future. Social relations could be adversely affected when cognitive impairments prevented the patients and they felt sorrow when their future plans changed dramatically.

Conclusion: Patients affected by stroke were in an exposed situation. They perceived that their changed body affected them both emotionally and existentially and they had trouble accepting their functional difficulties. Everyday life became complex because of the complications after the stroke.

Background: Mental illness is a growing problem in society and is increasingly seen in younger people. Deliberate self-harm is seen as a complication of mental illness. Self-harm means that people intentionally injure themselves as a habit and with more or less severe de-gree, but with no intention to take their own life. Aim: The aim of the study is to illustrate parents’ experiences of their child’s deliberate self-harm behavior. Method: A literature-based study based on analysis of ten qualitative articles. Results: The results are presented in three main themes and ten subthemes. The first main theme is "A roller coaster of feelings", with three subthemes "First battle", "Feelings of guilt and shame" and "Anxiety and fear". The second main theme is "Parenthood and family rela-tionship" with four subthemes "Changing positions of power", "Parents in conflict", "Not being enough as a parent" and "A changed relationship". The last main theme is "Parents ex-perience of support" with three subthemes "The insufficient support", "Feeling seen" and "To get support from the surroundings". Conclusion: Health care professionals need to create a good relationship with both parents and patients, which can be done by meeting the parents' feelings and being responsive.

Background Colorectal cancer is the third most common form of cancer among men and women in Sweden. The disease is shown to have a higher incidence among older individuals. Recent studies showed that the individuals may ignore their symptoms. To make a choice in what treatment to go for individuals got support from family and friends. With the focus on getting through the treatment. Understanding the individual's experience of living with colorectal cancer is important for the nurse profession. The nurse roll is to inform, support, care for these individuals and give a person-centered care.

Aim The aim of this study was to describe individual's experience of living with colorectal cancer after completed treatment.

Method The method used in the study was designed by Friberg (2012) to contribute with evidenced based caring in qualitative science research. Eleven science articles were analyzed using Friberg (2012) five step method of analysis. The analysis resulted into three main themes and eight subthemes.

Results The results were formed into three main themed named: the uncontrollable body, becoming depended on the environment and a new view of life after treatment.

Conclusion To live with colorectal cancer after completed treatment, affects the individual life situation and quality of life. Therefore, it is important for the nurse to be aware of the disease and the effects of the trearment on the individual.

Background The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, CRC, claims that children should be heard in decisions about themselves. Children also have the right to play. This need to be applied in healthcare environment. Swedish laws and guidelines for children's healthcare confirm this. What do children themselves propose as important support to participate? Aim The aim of this study was to describe children and young people's experience in healthcare environment. Method A literature-based study of nine qualitative academic articles was conducted. 556 children altogether were asked about their experience from healthcare environment. Results The result is presented by five themes: To be afraid and sad To feel comfort and safety To understand To be included in decisions To know the nurse Conclusion Children and young people in healthcare environment feel discomfort and insecurity. They need help with symptoms and fear. If the nurse is perceived as a "bad nurse", the child is exposed to feel helpless. A child need a certain amount of comfort, playing and contact with peers to be motivated to participate. When invited to ask questions and express their worries, they want to be involved. Children want to participate in decisions about themselves. The nurse has a key role to involve the child. Confidence is built through technical skills in achieving procedures, good communication and personal attributes, such as being helping, kind, friendly and humorous.

In the nurse's profession, protecting health is an answer, some patients may need motivation and support in their lifestyle change. A method that can be used for lifestyle changes is Motivational Interviewing (MI). MI is a method who initially was intended to be used for patients with alcohol problems. However, it was seen that the method also worked to apply in other areas. The aim of this study was to explore nurses and patients´ experiences in MI. In this literature study a qualitative method was used. The result of this study was based on twelve articles. The nurses consider that MI has a person-centered approach where the patients came into focus. They felt that MI had a respectful and valuable approach towards the patient. It also appeared how important the nurses thought it was with training and practice of the method and that they felt support in using the method. The patients experienced that MI gave them the possibility to change their own thoughts instead of being forced to a change that they were not ready to do. MI is a method that can be used in various areas during lifestyle changes. The result of this study shows that if nurses are being trained, get the chance to develop their skills than their experienceis that MI is a good method to use. It is also important that nurses are given the opportunity to use the method. The patients' experience was that MI makes them involved and self-determined in their own care.

Background: The number of adolescents with type one diabetes in Sweden is a growing concern. A difficult time for adolescents is when the responsibility of managing diabetes shifts from the parents to the child. The shift in responsibility demands a higher standard from the adolescents in their discipline towards their selfcare. This demand causes different responses in the adolescentswho tackle the challenge differently and experience different challenges along the way to independence and a successful self-care of their diabetes. It is therefore of the upmost importance that nurses reads into the situations to understand these challenges to the best of their ability, so that they can provide the adolescents with the best guidance possible.

Aim: The aim of this study was to illuminate adolescents’ experience of responsibility for their self-care in diabetes type 1.

Method: The method were to contribute to evidence-based nursing based on analysis of qualitative research. Eleven scientific articles were analyzed using Friberg’ s five step model for analysing qualitative articles.

Results: The results of the analysis are presented in three themes; “Incorporating diabetes into daily routine”, “When family and friends are involved” and “Diabetes; a burden”.

Conclusion: Nurses who better understand the challenges that the adolescents are facing are more likely to be able to successfully guide adolescents on their path to a successful and independent self-care of their diabetes type one.

Background: Osteoarthrosis is considered the 11th most common disorder that causes the greatest disability and gradually decline the patient’s quality of life. Studies have shown that 80% of the patients have different types of disabilities and 25% can not perform their daily activities. Aim: The purpose of this study was to describe patients’ experiences of being stricken with knee osteoarthritis. Method: A literature-based study was chosen as the method that conduce to evidence-based nursing by analyzing qualitative research. The analysis resulted in three main themes and seven subthemes. Results: Three main themes were: “Daily challenges”, “To relieve symptoms” and “To be cared”. The main finding was that knee osteoarthritis considered to be the central focus in the patients’ lives which caused physical and socio-economies limitations. This worsened their quality of life and mental well-being. Although surgery considered to be the only solution, the expectations regarding the outcome differed. Conclusion: It is important to treat knee osteoarthritis in early course of the disease to prevent limitations and other diseases. The patient’s need information and support to manage their symptoms.

Background: Type 1 diabetes is a chronic disease that requires both a changed lifestyle and rigorous treatment routines, which can be a tough task to adapt to. Aim To illustrate patients' experience of living with type 1 diabetes. Method: A literature study was conducted based on an analysis of 11 qualitative articles. Results: The analysis resulted in two main themes with five subthemes. Emotional impact is the first main theme with the subthemes ability to accept the disease and unpleasantness. The second main theme is importance of health care with the subthemes experience of treatment, experience of knowledge and access to health care. Conclusion: The patients experienced difficulties in accepting the disease, which led to emotional problems such as anxiety, fear and confusion, even denial of the diagnosis. Patients experienced a lack of knowledge among healthcare professional. It is important that healthcare professionals are responsive, attentive and include the patient in the implementation / planning of care

Background: Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a is a risk factor for stroke. This occurs when the blood flow in one of the blood vessels of the brain is inhibited for a short time and then restored without any serious damage. In a year, more than 46,000 people around the world are affected for the first time. People who suffer from TIA experience feelings of depression, fatigue, reduced quality of life, difficulty returning to normal activities and work

Aim: The purpose of this study is to describe patients' experiences of suffering from TIA

Method: A literature study based on analysing eight qualitative articles.

Results: Two themes emerged inthe result; The significance of the symptom & everyday life after TIA, built on six subthemes.The results showed that the experience of a TIA symptom is unclear and varies in different durations. TIA has a negative impact on patients economic and social lives. The tendency to seek care has a strong connection with how the individual has previously experienced their health and the encouragement of relatives.

Conclusion: Nurses and other healthcare professionals need to work to create trust so that all patient with TIA seek care. This can be achieved through good care relations and individualized information sharing. 

INTRODUCTION: Research indicates that newly graduated registered nurses struggle to develop practical skills and clinical understanding and to adapt to their professional role. To ensure quality of care and support new nurses, it is vital that this learning is elucidated and evaluated. Aim The aim was to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of an instrument assessing work-integrated learning for newly graduated registered nurses, the Experienced Work-Integrated Learning (E-WIL) instrument.

METHOD: The study utilized the methodology of a survey and a cross-sectional research design. The sample consisted of newly graduated registered nurses (n = 221) working at hospitals in western Sweden. The E-WIL instrument was validated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).

RESULTS: The majority of the study participants were female, the average age was 28 years, and participants had an average of five months' experience in the profession. The results confirmed the construct validity of the global latent variable E-WIL, "Transforming previous notions and new contextual knowledge into practical meaning," including six dimensions representing work-integrated learning. The factor loadings between the final 29 indicators and the six factors ranged from 0.30 to 0.89, and between the latent factor and the six factors from 0.64 to 0.79. The indices of fit indicated satisfactory goodness-of-fit and good reliability in five dimensions with values ranging from α = 0.70 to 0.81, except for one dimension showing a slightly lower reliability, α = 0.63, due to the low item number. Confirmatory factor analysis also confirmed two second-order latent variables, "Personal mastering of professional roles" with 18 indicators, and "Adapting to organisational requirements" with 11 indicators. Both showed satisfactory goodness-of-fit, and factor loading between indicators and the latent variables ranged from 0.44 to 0.90 and from 0.37 to 0.81, respectively.

CONCLUSION: The validity of the E-WIL instrument was confirmed. All three latent variables could be measured in their entirety, and all dimensions could be used separately for the assessment of work-integrated learning. The E-WIL instrument could be useful for healthcare organisations when the goal is to assess aspects of newly graduated registered nurses' learning and professional development.

Aim: The aim of this study was to describe newly graduated nurses´(NGNs´) experience of work-integrated learning (WIL), from an educational and occupational perspective.

Background: NGNs often find themselves unprepared to meet occupational demands on their competence on entering working life, and express difficulties integrating educational theory into a practical context. Qualitative and effective WIL becomes particularly important for NGNs to develop the competence required to handle the transition from education to working life.

Design: This is a qualitative, descriptive study with an inductive approach.

Methods: Seven focus-group discussions were performed and subjected to qualitative content analysis.

Results: The results revealed that WIL for NGNs includes personal mastering of several professional roles: a self-directed and collaborative learning role, a relational nursing role, and a transition from a student role to a collegial role. Furthermore, WIL entails adapting to organisational requirements, including development of contextual workplace knowledge and understanding; striving for confidence in medical-technical performance; and developing an experience-based understanding of clinical situations.

Conclusion: The results reveal that WIL is complex, encompassing adaptation to roles and personal capabilities that increase new graduates´competence and preparation for work. In addition, WIL requires personal commitment to one’s own learning as well as organisational and social support. 

Background: Considering the increasing requirements and needs facing primary health care, the aspiration to use nurses as care providers has increased. This is done to improve the availability, effectiveness, and to dispense the available resources.

Aim: The purpose of this study is to illuminate the patient's experiences of meeting nurses as care providers in primary health care.

Method: Six qualitative, three quantitative, and one mixed method articles were analyzed to create a literature review.

Results: Generally, the patients were satisfied with meeting nurses as care providers in primary health care. The result showed that the patients described relationship, trust, participation, and communication with nurses as significant aspects to feel secure. That the nurses made time available, as well as were easy to contact, were also aspects that contributed to the patients feeling secure. Uncertainties regarding the nurse's role, competence, and not being able to choose level of care were aspects that affected the insecurity.

Conclusion: Nurses in primary health care have big opportunities to develop the meeting in a way that the patient feels secure in health care. Most patients experience great satisfaction with care provided by nurses. Considering the above facts, it seems possible to develop health care led by nurses. 

Background: Every year 25 000- 30 000 people strikes with stroke. Out of these, at least every fifth is affected with aphasia. Affected with aphasia may cause an essential impact and change in the everyday life. The changes may also result in a suffering for the adult with aphasia. Therefore it’s important that the nurse has adequate knowledge of what aphasia is and treats the person for whom it is, not for its illness. Aim: The aim of this study was to illuminate the adult’s experience of aphasia’s impact in the changed life after stroke. Method: A qualitative method to contribute to evidence-based nursing with a ground in analysis of qualitative research, was used to enable a deeper understanding of adult’s experiences of aphasia. Ten qualitative articles were analysed, four themes and eight subthemes emerged. Results: The results showed that the adult with aphasia experienced a loss of the identity, loved ones and work. Aphasia also caused a change in the language ability that affected participation in social activities. All resulting in a suffering. To cope with the aphasia’s difficulties, different strategies evolved. The adult with aphasia also described the social support to be important but also to accept what aphasia had contributed in the changed life. Conclusion: According to the results the language appeared to be a central part to whom we are. When the language ability no longer existed, a suffering emerged. Keywords: Aphasia, communication, patient’s perspective, stroke, suffering.

Background: It is valuable that the patients experience a good encounter with the nurse at the emergency department. There are several factors that can influence the encounter and the patients' perception of the nurses and the surroundings at the emergency department. To not be seen as the person you are or not treated well, is a common reason why patients feel health suffering. It is the patients' experience of the circumstances which determines whether situations cause health suffering or not. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe patients' experiences of the encounter with the nurse at the emergency department.

Method: The method used in this study was a literature review, based on qualitative studies. Ten articles were analyzed according to Friberg's (2012) qualitative content analyze in five steps. Results: The researchers found five themes that specifically stood out when studies were researched. The themes were feelings of: participation, being seen, abandonment, being dependent and vulnerability. Conclusion: The experience of the encounter with the nurse at the emergency department differ from each patient. All patients want to meet a nurse who characterises kindness and warmth. The nurses are the ones who can control the outcome of the encounter at the emergency department.

Background: Organ transplantation is seen as a treatment to save lives. There are great differences in the transplantation process between different countries. Patients have previously described the process of organ transplantation as restrictive and emotionally draining with an overhanging fear of death before transplant.

Aim: The aim of this study was to describe patients’ experiences of waiting for organ transplantation. 

Method: This literature-based study was conducted with analysis of qualitative research to gain knowledge about the patients’ experiences. Analysis of the eleven articles was performed by using Friberg’s five-step method.

Results: Two main themes and six subthemes emerged from the analysis. The main themes The need for support and information highlighted the patients need for support and adequate information from both family and health care professionals. This was seen as a way to handle the uncertainty that the waiting time could bring. The other main theme The time on the waiting list described that waiting for an organ transplantation could bring restrictions to their daily life. Patients described the time on the waiting list as uncertain and many thoughts about the donor arose. Also, hope about their future was prominent throughout the time on the waiting list. At times this hope could turn to despair.

Conclusion: Waiting for an organ transplantation is a multifaceted experience. Support from family was considered crucial and therefore should be included when possible. Nurses are responsible for giving enough and appropriate information and support to the patients during their wait.

Background: The purpose of palliative care is to give the patients a good quality in the end of life, relive suffering and help them live life as normal as possible. The patients should always be involved in their own care.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to illustrate how patients experience palliative care.

Method: This is a literature-based study that is based on nine qualitative analyzed articles. The articles analyze was based on Friberg five step model.

Results: The results presented in two categories: I´m changing and A safe response. The results show that it´s important to be aware of every human's individual needs and thoughts in palliative care to give the best care.

Conclusion: This study shows that lack of time on hospital care affect patients care negatively. The best palliative care is the one given to patients at their own home.

Objectives We compare various aspects in the early chain of care among patients with haemorrhagic stroke and ischaemic stroke. Materials & methods The Emergency Medical Services (EMS) and nine emergency hospitals, each with a stroke unit, were included. All patients hospitalised with a first and a final diagnosis of stroke between 15 December 2010 and 15 April 2011 were included. The primary endpoint was the system delay (from call to the EMS until diagnosis). Secondary endpoints were: (i) use of the EMS, (ii) delay from symptom onset until call to the EMS; (iii) priority at the dispatch centre; (iv) priority by the EMS; and (v) suspicion of stroke by the EMS nurse and physician on admission to hospital. Results Of 1336 patients, 172 (13%) had a haemorrhagic stroke. The delay from call to the EMS until diagnosis was significantly shorter in haemorrhagic stroke. The patient’s decision time was significantly shorter in haemorrhagic stroke. The priority level at the dispatch centre did not differ between the two groups, whereas the EMS nurse gave a significantly higher priority to patients with haemorrhage. There was no significant difference between groups with regard to the suspicion of stroke either by the EMS nurse or by the physician on admission to hospital. Conclusions Patients with a haemorrhagic stroke differed from other stroke patients with a more frequent and rapid activation of EMS.

Background: Studies indicate that both patients and nurses are positive to have relatives present at the cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) situation. They see relatives as a resource and support, and also that the afterward crisis management may be facilitated. Routine should be created for the nurse to offer the relatives to attend and that it will become a natural part of CPR situation.

Aim: To illustrate the experiences of close relatives attending cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Method: A literature study with qualitative approach. Seven articles were reviewed and analyzed according to content analysis method.

Results: We found that relatives appreciated and felt it was important to attend the CPR-situation. They found it easier to move on after the incident, especially if the patient died. They wanted to be sure that everything that could be done also was done. The feeling that their presence in some way protected their dear ones from danger and harm was also important. Honest information was considered essential and the relatives appreciated the efforts and care that the healthcare personal gave their relatives.

Conclusions: The vast majority of relatives to patients undergoing CPR choose to feel that it's important to be present at the CPR. Based on this knowledge, further work can lead to create routines concerning relatives' wishes to attend CPR situations.

Background: Self harm has increased among adolescents during the last years. Studies reveal nurses' attitudes as an issue. The need to investigate nurses' experience of patients who self-harm is very important to see what is missing. Relation between nurses and patients is a vital part of caring and studies show that very little research is done in this area.

Aim: The aim of this study is to overlook nurses' experience when they meet a patient that is self- harming.

Metod: A literature study with a mixed approach. Articles where chosen, read, reviewed and analysed to find similarities and differences in their result.

Results: The result came out with three main categories and seven sub categories. The first category is Difficult to understand self-injury which has two sub categories; Difficult to understand the behaviour and Difficult to understand the reason. The second category is Self- injury evokes emotions and has three sub categories; Anger, concern and anxiety, Empathy and conflicting emotions and Creates conflicts. The third category is The environmental impact on nursing care which has two sub categories; The meaning of time and Environmental influences and care.

Conclusion: The results show that nurses felt that they needed further education about self- harm, that many of them were negative or insecure while meeting patients and did not know what to say in fear of making the behaviour worse. Many nurses also considered it hard to understand self-harm and why someone would like to harm themselves.