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  • 1.
    Carlström, Eric. D.
    et al.
    University of Gothenburg, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Health and Care Sciences, PO Box 457, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Fredén, Lars
    Högskolan Väst, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap, Avdelningen for hälsopromotion och vårdvetenskap. Högskolan Väst, NU-akademin Väst. NU-akademien.
    The first single responders in Sweden: Evaluation of a pre-hospital single staffed unit2017Inngår i: International Emergency Nursing, ISSN 1755-599X, E-ISSN 1878-013X, Vol. 32, nr S1, s. 15-19Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Single responder (SR) systems have been implemented in several countries. When the very first SR system in Sweden was planned, it was criticised because of concerns about sending single emergency nurses out on alerts. In the present study, the first Swedish SR unit was studied in order to register waiting times and assess the working environment.

    METHOD: Quantitative data were collected from the ambulance dispatch register. Data on the working environment were collected using a questionnaire sent to the SR staff.

    RESULTS: The SR system reduced the average patient waiting time from 26 to 13min. It also reduced the number of ambulance transports by 35% following triage of patient(s) priority determined by the SR. The staff perceived the working environment to be adequate.

    CONCLUSION: The SR unit was successful in that it reduced waiting times to prehospital health care. Contrary to expectations, it proved to be an adequate working environment. There is good reason to believe that SR systems will spread throughout the country. In order to enhance in depth the statistical analysis, additional should be collected over a longer time period and from more than one SR unit.

  • 2.
    Forsman, Anna K
    et al.
    Åbo Akademi University, Faculty of Education and Welfare Studies, Vaasa, Finland.
    Fredén, Lars
    Högskolan Väst, Institutionen för omvårdnad, hälsa och kultur, Avd för hälsa, kultur och pedagogik. Högskolan Väst, NU-akademin Väst.
    Lindqvist, Rafael
    Uppsala University, Department of Sociology, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Wahlbeck, Kristian
    The Finnish Association for Mental Health, Helsinki, Finland.
    Contribution of the Nordic School of Public Health to the public mental health research field: a selection of research initiatives, 2007-2014.2015Inngår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905, Vol. 43, nr 16 Suppl, s. 66-72Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The field of public mental health has been defined by an expert group convened by the Nordic School of Public Health (NHV) as encompassing the experience, occurrence, distribution and trajectories of positive mental health and mental health problems and their determinants; mental health promotion and prevention of mental disorders; as well as mental health system policies, governance and organization. The mental health priorities of the Nordic Council of Ministers in 2010 signalled a mutual Nordic exchange of knowledge in the following thematic areas: child and adolescent mental health; working life and mental health; mental health in older people; strengthening the role of primary care in mental health service provision; stronger involvement of users and carers; and reduction of use of coercion in psychiatric care. Efforts to realize these priorities included commissioning the Nordic Research Academy for Mental Health, an NHV-based network of research institutions with a common interest in mental health research across the Nordic countries, to develop, organize and follow-up projects on public mental health. The research initiatives included mental health policy analysis, register-based research and research focused on the users' perspective in a Nordic context, as well as EU-level research policy analysis. The public mental health research conducted at the NHV highlighted the complexity of mental health and emphasized that the broad determinants of mental health need to be increasingly addressed in both public health research and practice. For example, health promotion actions, improved access to health care, a healthy alcohol policy and prevention of suicides and violence are all needed to reduce the life expectancy gap - a red flag indicator of public health inequalities. By exchanging knowledge and best practice, the collaboration between the Nordic countries contributes to the welfare of the region. The expertise and traditions developed at the NHV are of significant importance in this work.

  • 3.
    Gunnarsdottir, Hrafnhildur
    et al.
    Högskolan Väst, NU-akademin Väst. Högskolan Väst, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap, Avdelningen för omvårdnad - avancerad nivå.
    Hensing, Gunnel
    School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (SWE).
    Hammarström, Anne
    Unit of Occupational Medicine, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (SWE);Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå (SWE) .
    Poor school connectedness in adolescence and adulthood depressiveness: a longitudinal theory-driven study from the Northern Sweden Cohort2021Inngår i: European Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1101-1262, E-ISSN 1464-360X, Vol. 31, nr 4, s. 797-802Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Background:Foundations for mental health are laid early in family and school life. Family climate embraces the emotional connections within a family, and school connectedness embraces both functional and affective dimensions of relationship with school. Based on the lack of theory-driven and longitudinal epidemiological studies addressing public mental health, the aim of this longitudinal study was to investigate the associations between adolescents’ school connectedness, family climate and depressiveness in adulthood, by relying on Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory.

    Methods:The data are from the Northern Swedish Cohort, and the sample consists of 481 women and 526 men born in 1965 who participated in data collection at age 16, 21, 30 and 43. The generalized linear model method with random intercepts was used to examine the associations between family climate and school connectedness and depressiveness in adulthood.

    Results: Poor school connectedness was associated with depressiveness in adulthood [β = 0.038 (95% CI 0.018–0.058) P ≤ 0.001], but poor family climate was not [β = 0.014 (95% CI −0.004–0.032)]. No difference in associations was observed between those experiencing social/material adversities in adolescence.

    Conclusions: This study shows that poor school connectedness in adolescence can affect depressiveness in adulthood. The study confirms the complex processes that determine mental health and proposes a theoretical approach appealing to public mental health research. In addition, this study concludes that more life-course studies are needed to advance the knowledge of the mechanisms behind the associations between family climate and school connectedness and depressiveness in adulthood.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    EJPH
  • 4.
    Gunnarsdottir, Hrafnhildur
    et al.
    Högskolan Väst, Institutionen för omvårdnad, hälsa och kultur, Avd för vårdvetenskap på avancerad nivå. Högskolan Väst, NU-akademin Väst. University of Gothenburg, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Section of Social Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Hensing, Gunnel
    University of Gothenburg, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Section of Social Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Povlsen, Lene
    University of Southern Denmark, Unit for Health Promotion Research, Esbjerg, Denmark.
    Petzold, Max
    University of Gothenburg, Health Metrics at Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Relative deprivation in the Nordic countries-child mental health problems in relation to parental financial stress2016Inngår i: European Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1101-1262, E-ISSN 1464-360X, Vol. 26, nr 2, s. 277-282Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND:  The Nordic welfare system has been acknowledged as favourable for children, successfully contributing to low child mortality and poverty rates. Nevertheless, mental health problems among children and adolescents are common and the economic situation of the family has been highlighted as an important determinant. In spite of similar social, political and cultural structures, the Nordic countries differ; Iceland was most affected by the global financial crisis in 2008. The aim of this study was to examine potential differences in parental financial stress and the associations to child mental health between the Nordic countries as well as age and gender differences.  METHODS:  The study sample consisted of 6330 children aged 4-16 years old included in the 2011 version of the Nordic Study of Children's Health, Wellbeing and Quality of life. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire was used to measure mental health problems.  RESULTS:  In Iceland, 47.7% of the parents reported financial stress while ≤20% did so in the other countries except for Finland (33.5%). However, in case of parental financial stress the OR of mental health problems comparing children to parents with and without financial stress was significantly lower among the Icelandic children (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.15-2.24) than among the others: Denmark OR 3.07 (95% CI 2.15-4.39), Finland OR 2.28 (95% CI 1.60-3.25), Norway OR 2.77 (95% CI 1.86-4.12), Sweden OR 3.31(95% CI 2.26-4.86). No significant age or gender differences in the ORs were observed.  CONCLUSIONS:  Besides socioeconomic situation, relative deprivation should be considered an important determinant of child mental health.

  • 5.
    Gunnarsdottir, Hrafnhildur
    et al.
    Högskolan Väst, NU-akademin Väst. Högskolan Väst, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap, Avdelningen för omvårdnad - avancerad nivå.
    Lundström, Sofie
    Högskolan Väst, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap, Avdelningen for hälsopromotion och vårdvetenskap.
    Att ha en positiv syn på framtiden2022Inngår i: Child and Youth Studies Conference University West November 10-11 2022: Growing Up In Challenging Times. Book of Abstracts, Trollhättan: Högskolan Väst , 2022, s. 6-6Konferansepaper (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [sv]

    Som generation beskrivs dagens unga värdera sociala relationer högre och prioritera välbefinnande och lycka jämfört med tidigare generationer (1). De anses vara öppnare och mer toleranta men också mindre optimistiska då de i stor utsträckning har upplevt negativa världshändelser (2,3). Att ha en positiv syn på framtiden är en viktig aspekt av välbefinnande, men vad innebär positiv syn på framtiden för dagens unga och vad behöver de för att kunna ha en positiv syn på framtiden?

    Metod

    I detta projekt presenteras delar av resultaten från en större studie med syfte att undersöka ungas uppfattningar om psykiska besvär och psykiskt välbefinnande. Individuella intervjuer genomfördes med 33 personer mellan 16 och 25 år och analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys (4,5).

    Resultat

    Framtid tolkades av de unga som alltifrån det stundande sommarlovet till det som händer om flera år. De relaterade positiv syn på framtiden till en variation av erfarenheter så som: att känna tilltro; inneboende optimism och livslust; att ha mål att sträva mot; och saker utanför den egna makten. Möjligheten att forma framtiden själv och inte styras för mycket av andras förväntningar och krav upplevdes viktigt för att kunna ha en positiv syn på framtiden.

  • 6.
    Gunnarsdottir, Hrafnhildur
    et al.
    Högskolan Väst, NU-akademin Väst. Högskolan Väst, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap, Avdelningen för omvårdnad - avancerad nivå. School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (SWE).
    Löve, Jesper
    School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (SWE).
    Hensing, Gunnel
    School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (SWE).
    Källström, Åsa
    School of Law, Psychology, and Social Work, Örebro University, Örebro (SWE).
    To Live, Not Only Survive - An Ongoing Endeavor: Resilience of Adult Swedish Women Abused as Children.2021Inngår i: Frontiers in Public Health, E-ISSN 2296-2565, Vol. 9, artikkel-id 599921Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: A significant proportion of individuals exposed to maltreatment in childhood adapt positively in adulthood despite the adversities, i.e., show resilience. Little is known about resources and processes related to adulthood that promote resilience. Since women are overrepresented as victims of intrafamilial violence, understanding resilience among adult women is important. Objective: To explore experiences of resilience among adult women who perceive well-being and well-functioning although being exposed to maltreatment during childhood. Participants and Setting: This study included 22 women with experiences of childhood maltreatment, mean age of 48 years, living in Sweden. Methods: Individual interviews were conducted and analyzed according to constructivist grounded theory. Results: The process of resilience was experienced as an ongoing endeavor to live, not only survive, an internal process that interacted with external processes involving social relations and conditions. This endeavor was built on four interrelated resources: establishing and maintaining command of life; employing personal resources; surrounding oneself with valuable people; and reaching acceptance. These worked together, not in a linear or chronological order, but in up and down ways, turns and straight lines (now and then), through the process from maltreatment to well-being. Conclusion: Resilience was found to rest on intrapersonal and interpersonal resources. Individual's inherent capabilities can be, depending on life circumstances and available resources, realized in a way that promote well-being and well-functioning despite severe adversities. Therefore, public health initiatives, social services, and policies should provide conditions that help women maltreated in childhood to live fully rather than merely to survive.

  • 7.
    Langeland, Eva
    et al.
    Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social SciencesWestern Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen (NOR).
    Ausland, Liv Hanson
    Department of Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences University of South-Eastern Norway,Vestfold (NOR).
    Gunnarsdottir, Hrafnhildur
    Högskolan Väst, NU-akademin Väst. Högskolan Väst, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap, Avdelningen för omvårdnad - avancerad nivå.
    Arveklev Höglund, Susanna
    Högskolan Väst, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap, Avdelningen for hälsopromotion och vårdvetenskap.
    Vinje, Hege Forbech
    The Forbech Vinje Academy, Sandefjord (NOR).
    Promoting Salutogenic Capacity in Health Professionals2022Inngår i: The Handbook of Salutogenesis / [ed] Mittelmark, Maurice B.; Bauer, Georg F.; Vaandrager, Lenneke; Pelikan, Jürgen M.; Sagy, Shifra; Eriksson, Monica; Lindström, Bengt; Meier Magistretti, Claudia, Springer International Publishing , 2022, s. 611-624Kapittel i bok, del av antologi (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    From a salutogenic perspective, relational and reflective competencies are key to the success of competence building. Reflecting on and exploring one’s (life) experience in a continuous learning process can enhance salutogenic competence.

    This chapter, whose authors have many years of experience building health professionals’ salutogenic competence, is nicely illustrated with teaching and coaching examples drawn from (a) a master’s programme for students in various health professions, (b) salutogenic talk-therapy groups, (c) students in health promotion training programmes, and (d) on-the-job training of healthcare professionals working in childcare services.

    The chapter discusses the concept of “self-tuning,” referring to habitual self-sensitivity, reflection, and mobilising of resources, which can play a central role in all types of training. This chapter emphasises that trainers should strive to “live the talk,” developing their personal salutogenic capacity – in other words, do what you teach and be what you teach.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Springer
  • 8.
    Löve, Jesper
    et al.
    School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, , Gothenburg (SWE).
    Mehlig, Kirsten
    School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (SWE).
    Källström, Åsa
    School of Law, Psychology and Social Work, Örebro University, Örebro (SWE).
    Hensing, Gunnel
    School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (SWE).
    Gunnarsdottir, Hrafnhildur
    Högskolan Väst, NU-akademin Väst. Högskolan Väst, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap, Avdelningen för omvårdnad - avancerad nivå. School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (SWE).
    Experiences of family violence and parental unavailability in childhood in relation to parental socioeconomic position and psychological problems: a cohort study of young Swedish women 1990-2013.2021Inngår i: BMC Women's Health, E-ISSN 1472-6874, Vol. 21, nr 1, artikkel-id 145Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Despite the high prevalence and severe consequences for health and wellbeing, epidemiological research of neglected emotional needs during childhood is scarce and little is known about its relation to parental socioeconomic position (SEP). This study investigates the prevalence of family violence and parental unavailability in childhood and its association with parental SEP and parental psychological problems in four strata of young Swedish women examined 1990, 1995, 2000, and 2013.

    METHOD: The sample comprised 976 women (mean age 22, range 20-25) living in Sweden. Secular trends for family violence, parental rejection and unavailability were analyzed using logistic regression as a function of year of examination. The associations with parental SEP and parental psychological problems were assessed using logistic regression with results in terms of odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals.

    RESULTS: Gendered patterns were observed in the associations between parental psychological problems and family violence and parental unavailability. Maternal psychological problems were associated with maternal rejection OR 6.8 (3.5-13.0), maternal lack of time OR 2.4 (1.2-5.0), and paternal rejection OR 1.9 (1.1-3.5). Paternal psychological problems were associated with paternal rejection OR 4.0 (2.1-7.7), paternal lack of time OR 4.9 (2.3-10.6), and experiencing family violence OR 4.9 (2.1-11.6). Low and medium parental SEP were associated with experience of family violence in childhood OR 3.1 (CI 1.1-8.5) and OR 3.4 (1.7-6.9), respectively. No changes between 1990 and 2013 were observed for the prevalence of any of the outcomes.

    CONCLUSIONS: A stable prevalence of family violence and parental unavailability was reported by young women examined between 1990 and 2013. Lower socioeconomic position was associated with family violence while the association with parental unavailability was non-significant. Gendered patterns were observed in the association between parental psychological problems and family violence, where paternal but not maternal psychological problems were associated with family violence. Further, maternal psychological problems were associated with paternal rejection while paternal psychological problems were not associated with maternal rejection. Gendered patterns of parental unavailability need further studies.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    BMC Women´s Health
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