Purpose: The purpose of this study is to understand the activities in nurses' work practices in relation to the design process of a self-monitoring application. Design/methodology/approach: A design ethnographic approach was applied in this study. Findings: To solve the problem of translating highly qualitative phenomena, such as pain, into the particular abstract features of a self-monitoring application, design participants had to balance these two aspects by managing complexity. In turn, the nurses'€™ work practices have changed because it now involves a new activity based on a different logic than the nurses’ traditional work practices. Originality/value: This study describes a new activity included in nurses’ work practices when the nurses became part of a design process. This study introduces a novel way on how to gain a deeper understanding of existing professional practice through a detailed study of activities taking place in a design process. This study explores the possible implications for nurses’ professional practices when they participate in a self-monitoring application design process. Â2020, Emerald Publishing Limited.

Recent development in self-monitoring devices indicates that using quantified data in clinical practicesupporting chronic diseases management holds a big potential. However, exploration of this design space also suggests that some unattended challenges still exist, such as a low adoption rate of self-monitoring tools in existing clinical practice. In this text, wetherefore focus on the ways healthcare professionalsuse quantified data in their practice. We draw onempirical data from an ethnographic study of a cancer rehabilitation center. Our preliminary findings suggestthat the self-monitoring tool supported the nurses'work because it became a functional complement totheir work by allowing them to appropriate the deviceto their and the patients' needs.

An increasing number of systems support the use of patient-generated data in patient-provider collaboration.However, there is yet limited understanding of how patient-generated data impact the way healthpersonnel work with data in clinical decision-making processes, and whether patient-generated data mightbe able to support clinical processes, for instance by providing evidence for diagnoses, treatment monitoring,or recovery. In this paper, we explore the use of patient-generated data in clinical decisions in twocase studies. In the first case an App is used by patients in cancer rehabilitation to track their pain levels,frequency of specific events, and symptoms. Rather than requiring patients to remember past events at thetime of the visit, patients can use the App to register events as they happen. In the second case an App isused in conjunction with a set of digital medical devices to track a defined set of parameters in remote carefor patients with chronic conditions. Both Apps are designed with the aim to improve data accuracy andensure data quality. Our findings show that beside gaining data quality and accuracy, patient generateddata work as conversational cues in the context of the interaction between patients and health personnel.This finding is relevant as it shows that patient generated data need to be treated not just as facts but ascues or as an affordance for patient-provider dialogue. Based on this understanding, we identify threedesign implications for Apps for patient-generated data to support patient-provider dialogue.

Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and the increasing role of real-time analytics (RTA) data are currently transforming industry and shop floor work. Manufacturing industry needs to adapt accordingly and implement systems solutions for rich data analysis to achieve increased business value. However, a data-driven implementation of RTA applications, often launched as “Plug&Play” solutions, often lacks both insights into shop floor work and the alignment to user perspectives. This paper focuses both on the technical implementation and the deployment of RTA applications from a design-in-use perspective and therefore we argue for congruence between a data-driven and a user-driven approach. The main findings reveal how configuration and implementation of RTA applications interplay with users’ work operations that further extends current IIoT layered models by aligning architectural levels with user and business levels. The main contribution is presented as lessons learned to inform sustainable and innovative implementation for increased business value for data-driven industry.

The aim is to study a problematic grocery-shopping situation within a home care organization, in one studied municipality in Sweden and for this, a qualitative action design research method is applied. As a solution to this problem, an mHealth (mobile health) artifact was developed and the thesis aims to study the developed solution and the WIL effects on the organization and the caring situation. The purpose is to emphasize on the perceptions of an mHealth artifact for the grocery shopping process as well as capture the early perceptions focusing on the values and effects for the different levels of engagement spanning the user groups involved. Then, finally investigating the effects on the caregivers’ competence development in relation to the mHealth artifact and the work integrated learning. This leads to the recognition of the need for a conversation between the caretakers and the caregivers. This results in the developed artifact, being found a conversational starter, nurturing and triggering a caring conversation, which leads to professional progression. This consequently, leads to higher quality of care and to the caregivers having more pride in their profession as well as having more time for the caretakers. This all concludes that technology will not replace caregivers. But caregivers, who use technology, will probably replace caregivers who don’t. 

Digital platforms are slowly becoming an important part of both research and everyday work. However, much of the research focus has been on platforms that are already established. Little focus has been on platformization (i.e., design, development and use of platforms in the nascent phases) and the socio-technical aspects of designing platforms for specific practices or purposes, i.e., practice based platforms. While it is truly important to understand technological aspects and market logics of platform efforts, it is also to understand how platforms become platforms, when designing them alongside end-users.

This thesis contributes to the platform discussion with research that focuses both on the technological sides of building platforms while also unpacking the social aspects of the collaborative design situation (i.e., co-design) and development where end users meet and later use the platforms.This thesis explores the research questions: How can practice-based platforms be designed and developed? What impact does end-user engagement in platformization have on the practices involved? How can platformization efforts be approached and researched? Through a study of the design of platforms in care settings, one 2.5–year study within home care and one 2.5–year study within cancer rehabilitation where the end-users' practices involved in the co-design processes are caregivers and care recipients in both studies. This thesis thereby unpacks the platformization process through a roughly five–year longitudinal AR project, based on these two studies. With the help of the boundary literature, the design, development and use of platforms in the nascent phases of platformization is analysed in these two studies. Through a co-design effort in both studies, the practices that are going to use the platforms contribute to a) the design of which boundary resources (i.e., modules in terms of code blocks) will be developed within the platform; b) the design of the boundary object (i.e., working tools in terms of apps) that they are using together inconsensus; and c) the design of a boundary practice in which they will later use the digital artifacts together. The end-users' practices had impact on the design of all layers of the platform through the co-design approach, including an influence on the boundary resources that were developed within the platform. The platforms also had impact on the practices, which designed new ways of interacting.

The results thereby both show the impact of the end-users' practices (caregivers and care recipients, which are heterogeneous) on the platform design,as well as the impact of the platform on the design of their boundary practice. In this thesis, the design and development of the two platforms is thereby researched and the design of the platforms is validated by studying the use of the platforms as well. The main contribution of this thesis is a conceptualization of the platformization process where the key characteristics of designing such platforms with heavy user engagement are illustrated in a platformization model and in seven platformization principles.

This experience report aims to reflect on a design initiative conducted as a user-focused innovation. It is based on a research and development project about mobile commerce. Herein, I include various forms of mobile services that accumulate the core function of mobile payments. The target group of the design was senior citizens who need to have their grocery shopping done in a more safe and convenient way. In this report I will particularly focus on the design process and the design product.

PURPOSE: The number of colorectal cancer patient survivors is increasing. Information and support during and after treatment are requested by patients, but questions remain on what to provide. The aim of this study was to understand what informational needs colorectal cancer patients and survivors have, with a focus on the potential support given by patient peers and the use of blended care.

METHODS: A qualitative study using focus groups was conducted with patients diagnosed at the same hospital at least one year prior to the initiation of the study. The focus group interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using deductive content analysis.

RESULTS: The need for informational support varied over time and depended on individual patient characteristics. Timing was crucial and patients requested options of blended care and informational support after treatment cessation. The patients felt alone after treatment and requested assistance in communication with their next-of-kin. They also identified the value of peer support, especially to contextualize knowledge provided by healthcare.

CONCLUSION: This study showed a need for focus on individualized informational support. Blended care through integrating communication with peers online could be one way to support patients, both to enable shared decision-making as well as to provide person-centered care.

Most research on platform innovation studies the phenomena from a distance due to lack of access. This paper reports from within an action research case of platform development in a small-scale context. The case is based on a regional business initiative with the goal to establish an arena for mobile commerce and stimulate local industry growth. It was conducted in collaboration between researchers and third-party developers. The article shows how the initial phases of platformization are characterized by socio-technical arrangements, co-creation of boundary resources and intimate knowledge communication. The paper contributes to platform research by acknowledging a small-scale context for platform research. It further develops distributed tuning of boundary resources into an intimate fine-tuning process that we illustrate is valid for a small-scale context.

Healthcare is increasingly permeated with digital platforms supporting cooperative care involving different professional groups and also patients. New mobile technologies allow for patients to continuously monitor and document their symptoms to support better healthcare, as well as self-care. The successful design of such multi-user platforms calls for new design approaches involving heterogeneous conditions and goals. This paper analyzes theuse of boundary objects in design as a mediator for different users' needs and conditions. Our research is conducted at a clinic supporting cancer survivors in their struggles with treatment induced illnesses, a treatment heavily dependent on new medical research as well as on patient involvement. The data is collected ethnographically over two years following a design project that developed a digital platform to support the care provided by the clinic. We describe how useful boundary objects transform over time, from rich narratives, to conceptual formulations and finally into concrete prototypes of the platform. We argue that understanding such a transformation can inform the design of healthcare platforms and guide future design processes, where co-designing with boundary objects can be especially useful as a design approach when doing design complex settings, such as healthcare settings.

This article reports on how the introduction of patient-generated health data affects the nurses’ and patients’ data work and unpacks how new forms of data collection trigger shifts in the work with data through translation work. The article is based on a 2.5-year case study examining data work of nurses and patients at a cancer rehabilitation clinic at a Swedish Hospital in which patient-generated health data are gathered by patients and then used outside and within clinical practice for decision-making. The article reports on how data are prepared and translated, that is, made useful by the nurses and patients. Using patient-generated health data alters the data work and how the translation of data is performed. The shift in work has three components: (1) a shift in question tactics, (2) a shift in decision-making, and (3) a shift in distribution. The data become mobile, and the data work becomes distributed when using patient-generated health data as an active part of care

The design of digital artifacts in general and mobile apps in particular has not been investigated fully from a practice perspective. Mobile apps are commonly designed from a distant, armslength relationship where they are developed without taking the users' practices into account.This paper problematizes this notion and takes the point of departure from a collaborative design (co-design) process where the goal was to design a mobile app supporting grocery shopping forthe home care sector. We analyse the role of designing a mobile app as a facilitator for collaboration between the elderly's everyday practice and the caregivers work practice and investigatehow these two practices become intertwined. The research questions are: How can the design process be organized in order to foster the formation of a prospective collaborative care practice? What aspects are important to consider when designing with a boundary practice perspective? The findings of this study indicate that organizing the design activities in a certain collaborative manner empowered the elderly and their caregivers and led to the formation of a common, collaborative care practice (herein called co-care). The focus of the design process thereby shifted from designing the digital artifact (framed as a boundary object) to designing the co-carepractice (framed as a boundary practice). Our contribution is discussed in terms of design considerations,which can be applied for the facilitation of a collaborative boundary practice. The considerations are of particular relevance for settings where two or more practices are to collaborate and where new conditions are to be created for future co-practice.

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to understand how the role of an mHealth artifact plays out in home care settings. An mHealth artifact, in terms of a mobile app, was tested to see how the quality of home care work practice was enhanced and changed. The research question is: In what ways does an mHealth artifact re-shape a home care practice and how does this affect the interaction between caregivers and the elderly and learning opportunities for the caregivers? Design/methodology/approach: An action research approach was taken and the study was conducted in a home care organization in a Swedish municipality. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews and observations that were conducted during home visits. Concepts of learning and boundary objects were used to analyze and distinguish interactions and conversations with the mHealth artifact. Findings: The study shows how an mHealth artifact is re-shaping a home care practice and how this affects interactions and identifies learning opportunities. Views on the mHealth artifact as a designated boundary object as well as a boundary object-in-use must co-exist. Originality/value: The study provides qualitative descriptions from using an mHealth artifact for home care, which is an emerging area of concern for both research and practice. It focuses on the interactional and organizational values generated from the actual use of the designed mobile application. © 2017, © Emerald Publishing Limited.

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to understand how the role of an mHealth artifact plays out in home care settings. An mHealth artifact, in terms of a mobile app, was tested to see how the quality of home care work practice was enhanced and changed. The research question is: In what ways does an mHealth artifact re-shape a home care practice and how does this affect the interaction between caregivers and the elderly and learning opportunities for the caregivers?Design/methodology/approachAn action research approach was taken and the study was conducted in a home care organization in a Swedish municipality. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews and observations that were conducted during home visits. Concepts of learning and boundary objects were used to analyze and distinguish interactions and conversations with the mHealth artifact.FindingsThe study shows how an mHealth artifact is re-shaping a home care practice and how this affects interactions and identifies learning opportunities. Views on the mHealth artifact as a designated boundary object as well as a boundary object-in-use must co-exist.Originality/valueThe study provides qualitative descriptions from using an mHealth artifact for home care, which is an emerging area of concern for both research and practice. It focuses on the interactional and organizational values generated from the actual use of the designed mobile application

The aim of this paper is to understand how the role of an mHealth artifact is played out in home care settings. An mHealth artifact, in terms of a mobile app (primarily for tablets) was tested to see how the quality of home care work practice was enhanced and changed. The research question the paper explores is: In what ways is an mHealth artifact re-shaping a home care practice and how does this affect the interaction between the caregivers and the elderly and learning opportunities for the caregivers? This research has an action research approach and it was conducted in a home care organization in a Swedish municipality. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews and observations that were conducted during home visits. Concepts of boundary objects were used to analyze and distinguish interactions and conversations with the designed mHealth artifact. Using the mHealth artifact as a boundary object in the caring situation triggered a caring conversation between the caregivers and the elderly. They grew closer and started having deeper conversations. The shift in responsibility, due to new processes enabled the caregiver to stay for a longer time putting the correct care in centrum. The findings reveal that views of the mHealth artifact as a designated boundary object as well as a boundary object-in-use must co-exist in order to understand the emergent properties situated in a technology mediated caring conversation. The study provides qualitative descriptions from early tests of mHealth applications for home care, an emerging area of concern for both research and practice. It focuses on the interactional and organizational values generated from the actual use of the designed mobile application.

Telecare has the potential to increase the quality of care while also decreasing costs. However, despite great potential, efficiency in care practices and cost reduction remain hypothetical. Within computer supported cooperative work (CSCW), one focus of telecare research has been on awareness support in distributed real-time communication in comparison to physical meetings since face-to-face consultations have been known as the “gold standard” of conducting care. Research has shown that it is hard to maintain qualities such as awareness through video-mediated meetings. In this research, the goal has not been to mimic the qualities of face-to-face consultations but rather to document the qualities of three types of patient meetings (consultations) and to understand in what kinds of situations each consultation type is a viable option. In this paper, we focus on the essential qualities of i) face-to-face consultations, ii) video-based consultations, and iii) telephone consultations and shed light on their affordances. The research contribution includes an extension of the affordance lens to incorporate socio-technical, two-sided affordances, that constitute important aspects for understanding complexity when heterogeneous actors co-existing in a practice, where affordances can differ for different “sides” in the complex practice—a view that is fruitful when dealing with heterogeneous actors and a set of analog and digital tools in a practice.

This paper explores the role of boundaries in a co-design process and how design work can be organized in order to manage the existing boundaries. The source of boundaries in design lies in the interface and dynamics between use practices, design practices and work practices.We will benefit from the boundary literature in order to contribute to practice-based design approaches in general, and to co-design approaches in particular.The researchis based on empirical data from a 2-year co-design process within the home care sector; involving participants from several professional groups: caregivers and care recipients. This paper focuses primarily on the caregivers (practitioners), the care recipients (elderly) and the designers. We particularly take into account the diversity of the participants in the co-design initiative and how these participants (representing two user groups) influenced the design process over time, and how their participation enabled the crossing of boundaries and the creation of a new boundary practice. Finally, the role of the designer is discussed in terms of redirecting its function towards facilitation instead of negotiation.

The blurring of boundaries between work life and private life, between Spredsheets and Facebook, between societal and private means that we need to reconsider learning both in the perspective of adoption of technological change and, as diffusion of continuous innovation. Both organizations and technologies are undergoing fundamental changes that transform and create new challenges in the ways we work and learn. Many organizations today require continuous development and effective learning processes to meet the challenges of globalization and digitalization. The questions that need to be raised are what new skills need to be recruited, and how can the capabilities and functionality be distributed among a mixture of both human and technical "workforce"? In this position paper we discuss arguments for a future research agenda where new digital phenomena's are viewed from a"learning at the digital boundaries" perspective, taking into account different waves of digitalization and infrastructural challenges at the boundaries of organizational setting and private life.

Abstract

The digitalization in the public sector poses challenges for the professionals that have previously not been using digital tools as a part of their everyday practice. Building on three qualitative research projects this study shed light on contradictions and tussles, as well as possibilities related to professionalism in the public sector. The three cases involve different professionals: cancer rehabilitation nurses, municipality communicators, and resident physicians. The paper aims to gain a better understanding of the impact of digitalization efforts on everyday work practices, and the emerging opportunities and challenges of using digital artifacts as a part of professional work. Our findings show how the transition toward digital work practices is pushing the professional boundaries of rooted professionalism in the public sector. The meaning of work and what it means to be a professional profoundly changes. The process of tuning professionalism in the public sector is not straight forward.

New self-care practices, such as self-management of chronic diseases, have emerged through mobile applications and devices, often designed, developed, and used outside the healthcare context. The development may lead to increased patient empowerment, shared decisionmaking and better communication, which is expected to benefit the care process. However, there are also potentially harmful effects related to safety, reliability, and security, with a corresponding need for understanding underlying algorithms and biases that may affect users. This calls for socio-technical perspectives, which take into consideration both the technological aspects of developing the app, as well as the social aspects of stakeholder involvement and collaborative design. In this paper, we describe the design and development of a mobile app for food nutrition information as part of diabetes self-management and critically discuss its implications for patients and designers. Our findings show that important learning aspects are connected to self-management, but there are also risks involved if too much or too little reliance is placed on the mobile app in the decision-making process. © 2022 Copyright for this paper by its authors.

The use of digital technology for self-care, such as self-management of chronic diseases, has emerged through mobile applications and wearables, often designed, developed, and used in everyday life outside the healthcare context. The new self-care practices may be beneficial in many ways but can also potentially pose risks, and there is a corresponding need to understand underlying algorithms and biases that may affect users. In this article, we describe the design and development of a mobile app for food nutrition information as part of diabetes self-management and critically discuss its implications for patients and designers.In conclusion, this study highlights the need to carefully consider how selfmanagement tools are designed, developed, and used for self-care. We propose co-design to approach data-driven healthcare in general and data-driven decisionmaking tools in particular. Our findings show that patients need to balance overreliance and mistrust in augmented data-driven decision-making, which calls for ethical considerations and a critical approach for all future designers.

Increased patient engagement and the use of new types of data, such as patient-generated health data (PGHD) is shifting how work is performed in relation to healthcare. This change enables healthcare professionals to delegate parts of work previously conducted by them to patients. There is a consensus regarding the need for nurses and physicians to work seamlessly together to make healthcare flow, but the role and responsibility of patients are less researched. In this paper, we aim to fill that gap by focusing on the shift of work from healthcare professionals to patients from the perspective of i) patients and ii) healthcare professionals. We use infrastructuring as a lens to understand the design of everyday work and actions from both perspectives. The main contribution is an analysis of, and insights into, how the work of patients can support healthcare professionals along with a conceptualization of how infrastructuring processes within and outside of healthcare are interconnected.

The rise of digital health has provided new opportunities for patients to be more actively involved in their health and wellbeing. Despite the increased use of mobile health apps, there is still a lack of research on patient self-monitoring, and few studies have focused on children with chronic diseases and their parents. In this study, we draw from a case of the design of a mobile application – a symptom tracker – to continuously monitor children with periodic fever and the theoretical concept of boundary objects, to understand the role of digital artifacts in current healthcare practice. The research approach is qualitative, building on interview data with parents and experiences from the co-design process involving researchers, physicians, and other key stakeholders. The aim of the paper is to contribute with a better understanding of how an app for tracking children’s fever (a symptom tracker) can support the pediatricians as well as the parents and their children during the treatment process. The research question is: In what ways can a symptom tracker increase stakeholder involvement and how may this affect their relationship boundaries and collaborations? Our findings suggest that the symptom tracker can be seen as a boundary object that binds the children, parents, and pediatricians treating them by connecting the app to the context of both the patients and healthcare practice. We argue that such an object (symptom tracker) can function as external support and, thereby, an essential part of the treatment process. 

Teaching and learning design theory are challenging tasks. To solely teach design theory through rules or codes of conduct, could be seen as a static way of approaching a complex phenomenon. In this paper, we argue for the importance of engagement in sensitive design situations, an approach that entails a process of de-emphasizing objectivity and promoting subjectivity through real-life sensitive cases to learn from, to foster reflectiveness for the future designers. This study aims to explore how sensitive design situations can be used when teaching and learning design theory. The research approach consists of a case study in a Nordic university, and a course in interaction design in a software engineering program. The sensitive design situation involves designing a digital artifact that can help children that have been diagnosed with cancer, cope with their cancer treatment. The main contribution is a teaching method for cultivating ethical design, which includes the application of sensitive design situations when teaching ethics to students. We illustrate that by forwarding three characteristics that can be used when teaching and learning ethical design through sensitive design situations.

Pop-ups have been widely used to control users’ attention, causing a high degree of irritation and dissatisfaction. We explore so-called ‘polite’ pop-ups, i.e., pop-ups implemented into the interface eliminating the intrusive and surprising factors. We hypothesize that: H1) Users pay less attention to, and interact less with, polite pop-ups than traditional pop-ups, and; H2) Users perceive a higher degree of trust in applications with polite pop-ups compared to traditional pop-ups. The research approachincludes: i) comparative user tests with 88 participants; ii) observations of user tests; iii) assessment questionnaire, and; iv) data-driven analysis of interaction patterns. We analyze the data through the theoretical lens of trust and show that users pay less attention to, yet perceive a higher degree of trust. Our contributions include conceptualizing ‘polite’ design elements and the research agenda of Polite Interaction Design that aims to capture users’ attention without causing unpleasant experiences or decreased trust

In the user’s interaction with systems, waiting and interruptions often constitute a source of negative experiences. However, system response time can be difficult or impossible to control, due to for example poor internet connection. This study explores “subjective experienced time”, which refers to the users’ assessment of system response timeliness. The aim of this study is to gain increased knowledge of user satisfaction and subjectively experienced time in interaction with mobile applications. Thirty participants used and evaluated three mobile applications, containing unique stimuli in progress indicators. The results show correlation between progress indicators’ degree of feedback and the subjectively experienced time and user satisfaction. Contributions include increased insight into the somewhat complex connection between the degree of feedback, subjectively experienced time and user satisfaction, as well as design implications for user-centred design.

BACKGROUND: The use of online resources has changed how people manage health care processes. Patients seek information about health conditions, guidance in treatment, and support from peers online, complementary to traditional health care trajectories. Online communities have the potential to contribute to the quality of care by increasing patient empowerment; however, there is a gap in research regarding in what way online communities contribute to patient empowerment.

OBJECTIVE: We synthesized research regarding how online communities contribute to patient empowerment to address the research question "In what ways can participation in online communities support patient empowerment?" by studying how patient empowerment is operationalized in different studies. The definition of patient empowerment used in this paper is enablement for people to develop mastery over actions and control over decisions that influence their lives. The mastery is both through processes and outcomes of the development.

METHODS: A systematic review was conducted by searching in the following databases: Scopus, ACM Digital Library, EBSCO (CINAHL and MEDLINE), PubMed, and Web of Science. In total, there were 1187 papers after excluding duplicates, and through selection processes using an analytical framework with definitions of patient empowerment and related concepts, 33 peer-reviewed papers were included.

RESULTS: Findings indicated that online communities support patient empowerment both as a process and as outcomes of these processes. Additionally, it was seen as a complement to traditional health care and encouragement for health care professionals to have a more positive attitude toward patients' usage. There was a mix between deductive (19/33, 58%), inductive (11/33, 33%), and a mixed approach (3/33, 9%) of studying patient empowerment in various forms. The online communities in most papers (21/33, 64%) were well-established and represented patients' initiatives.

CONCLUSIONS: There is a need to include professionals' perspectives regarding how health care can embrace patient empowerment through online communities. This systematic review's main contribution is the proposal of a new framework and conceptualization of how patient empowerment in online communities can be understood from different hierarchical levels.

The prevalence of information systems in healthcare enables the use of health data for purposes related to data-driven decision-making. The technology "promise" is to make healthcare organizations more efficient. Despite the increased interest in health data in general and patient generated data in particular, there is a need for additional research on how data support health practices. This paper therefore conducts a case study of a nurse-led clinic for cancer rehabilitation to examine how a data-supported practice achieves value. By breaking down the data-gathering process, with a focus on value, we show how value is co-created by a range of different actors, including patients, nurses and researchers. In this case, the value co-creation consist of two parallel processes. A knowledge process revolving around a research practice with the aim to produce new knowledge. It is a process which provide a foundation and structure for the clinical practice. The interactional process work in parallel and describes the interaction with and about data between the different actors and how the interaction is an essential resource to achieve data value.

This article presents preliminary findings on how the introduction of patient-generated health data (PGHD) triggers changes during patient-nurse consultations. This article builds on a two-year case study, examining the work practice at a cancer rehabilitation clinic at a Swedish Hospital using PGHD. The study focuses on how nurses’ use data, gathered by patients with a mobile phone app, during consultations. The use of PGHD introduce a change in the translation work, the work of turning rich patient descriptions and transform them into data, during the consultation for documentation and clinical decision-making. This change affects precision, questions asked and the use of visualizations as well as the patient-nurse decision making. © 2018 European Federation for Medical Informatics (EFMI) and IOS Press.

In an open innovation project called “mCity”, the aim is to verify conceptual applications for mobile services including mobile payments and transactions. On such design initiative was designated for the citizen group “seniors”, have home care taking as part of their assistance from the home care organisational system. The design initiative is called Skafferiet, a grocery-shopping application for the home care service. Based on this project, the aim in this article is to identify if and when significant design decisions were influenced by user involvement and contextual understanding detecting whether the applied design method supported the design process or if it lead to redundant activities. The applied approach was a combination of methodological strategies emphasizing co-design and engaged scholarship. The different actors involved were i) politicians, management and staff ii) caretakers iii) designers and iv) researchers. The result indicated numerous beneficial aspects with the iterative collaboration between actors. Apart from the relevance and joy of working together, it was important for the quality of the m-service, a successful implementation process and trigger for organizational improvement. The risk of rejecting one level of involvement, in favor of saving time and reduce complexity, would probably lead to a more narrow solution lacking the empowered process of involvement and engagement of all parties leading the relevance of the design process and its end-product astray.

Being one of the worst industries in the world in terms of human and environmental abuse, the tex tile industry is in urgent need for sustainable transformation. Textile workers in the global south belong to a particularly precarious group of workers; they are mainly women, often young, migrant and in vulnerable job market positions. Social audit is a practice that brands engage in to measure, understand and report on social and ethical performance in their supply chain. However, research shows that social audits marginally improve worker rights and a lot of structural non-compliance is recidivist: that is, it is repetitive and pernicious. Therefore, the discussion of going beyond auditing towards distributed communicative governance among participant organizations in the supply chain is becoming both attractive and urgent. In this paper we present a research proposal that explores alternative practices to social auditing . . .

The use of social media in the public sector changes the professionals' everyday work practice. This paper sheds light on the emerging challenges of using social media as a part of work, based on the analysis of three contexts within the public sector in Sweden and through the lens of sociomateriality and affordances. The approach is interpretive field studies with a narrative analysis, where we interpret and analyse key elements of the storylines, focusing on the transition to social media use among professionals (nurses, municipal communicators, and physicians) in the three contexts. Social media enables an open work environment where information is visible and potentially spreadable to an unknown audience. The process of interacting with an unknown audience and finding a professional tone is analysed here as context collapse. The unknown, and at times imagined complex audience, makes it hard to balance the seesaw between friendliness on the one hand and an authoritative tone on the other; a tonality which leaves most of the potential audience unreached. The interplay between social media and the professionals shapes the professionals' practice. We analyse this interplaying practice more specifically, as sociomateriality in action.

Social audit approaches to sustainable development in the textile industry predominate in worldwidepractice. However, research indicates that there are persistent structural non-compliance cases,demonstrating repetitive and harmful patterns and that creating codes of conduct as part of sustainability practices can only marginally improve worker rights on an overall level across industries. Due to these constraints associated with social audits, there's been a rising discourse about moving beyond these audits.In this paper we examine alternative approaches to social auditing to gain understanding, knowledge, collaboration, and empowerment within the value chain of brands, suppliers, and their employees. We target this emerging issue as a challenge for sustainable development of the textile industry. With a qualitative case study of a textile industry value chain as a base, and with the frames of the global sustainable development discourse, and ecosystem thinking, we suggest an alternative digital practice to social auditing in the textile industry, that gives workers a voice to speak with, that empowers the suppliers to take own control and responsibility over social conditions of their employees and that balances the present power takeover of brands. Merging the sustainable development discourse with digital ecosystems thinking when conceptualizing, theorizing or designing information systems (IS), we argue, is a way forward for IS to meet grand societal challenges. 

Detta kompendium beskriver grunderna i NVivo och är tänkt att fungera som introduktion och instuderingsmaterial för självständigt arbete med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Upplägget bygger på egen erfarenhet av att använda NVivo för avhandlingsarbetet, och tar upp de vanligaste funktionerna och praktiska tips. Syftet är att ge en överblick över de olika modulerna i NVivo och presentera vilka möjligheter och användningsområden som finns.

The digitalization of the workplace and society at large brings new challenges for the field of Information Systems. A better understanding of how we learn with digital artifacts in our daily routines is needed. This paper is a literature review of how workplace learning has been addressed within the field, bringing together workplace learning and IS. The aim is to provide an alternative perspective to further IFIP 8.6 as a working group, where the suggestion is to re-image the group towards learning with digital artifacts. IS should be the leading field addressing digitalization of society. However, so far learning theorists has not been fully utilized within IS in fostering our understanding of how digitalization affects society. We argue that there is a need to explicitly talk about learning in IS and suggest IFIP 8.6 to be that place, which could contribute to advancements in our IS field in general.

The embedding of digital platforms into professional practice has changed how people collaborate, learn and share knowledge at work. The healthcare sector provides an illustrative case for developments in this area. Through the introduction of a virtual collaboration platform in a continuing professional development program for pediatricians, this interdisciplinary research aims to promote continuity of the educational outcomes along with a better understanding of the usefulness of virtual collaboration and knowledge sharing at work. The research question is: How do pediatricians co-design and use a virtual collaboration platform for knowledge sharing and learning in action? The method is participatory action research, in which participants were co-designers of the content that was developed. The paper outlines some of the benefits and challenges currently emerging from the integration and use of virtual collaborations in clinical practice and provides design considerations on how to co-design content to use in virtual collaboration.

Continuous professional development (CPD) is an important, yet often overlooked, part of higher education. While a large body of literature exists on formal learning and e-training, aspects of self-directed and informal digital learning in CPD are still under-researched. The aim of this project was: i) to explore physicians informal learning (e.g., collegial communication, collaboration and knowledge sharing) when shifting to digital learning as part of a CPD course; ii) to identify features that enable and constrain interaction and networking; and; iii) to evaluate the effects of digital learning on the overall learning objectives and outcomes. This project was carried out in three steps, and the outcome is in a set of recommendations that can be used to capture and inform the design of future CPD programs, implemented in higher education, to better support informal learning in digital learning settings.

Information Systems (IS) research and practice face ever more complex challenges as Information Technology (IT) for work expands beyond organizations and merges into everyday life. The COVID-19 pandemic of 2020 has amplified the need to understand digital work and its implications for professionalism. This study addresses that gap in the literature. The focus is on blended IT, referring to the fact that professionals today use personal and organizational IT interchangeably for work, while they also face a new situation of increased citizen involvement in their institutions through IT. This paper draws from three empirical public sector cases with the aim to contribute a deeper understanding of what digital work entails and how public sector professionalism is reconfigured by blended IT.

The research question is: how is public sector professionalism reconfigured in digital work? Our findings illustrate this reconfiguration in three main ways: a) the personal and professional uses of IT merge,influencing professional autonomy; b) the incursion of patient and citizen IT into the scope of work challenges established views on knowledge and expertise; and c) altogether, balancing the streams of blended IT impinges on the core value of the common good that is characteristic of public sector professionalism. These three processes of reconfiguration outline professionalism in digital work.

The digitalization in the public sector poses challenges for the professionals that have previously not been using digital tools as a part of their everyday practice. Building on three qualitative research projects this study shed light on contradictions and tussles, as well as possibilities re-lated to professionalism in the public sector. The three cases involve different professionals: cancer rehabilitation nurses, municipality communicators, and resident physicians. The paper aims to gain a better understanding of the impact of digitalization efforts on everyday work practices, and the emerging opportunities and challenges of using digital artifacts as a part of professional work. Our findings show how the transition toward digital work practices is pushing the professional boundaries of rooted professionalism in the public sector. The meaning of work and what it means to be a professional profoundly changes. The process of tuning professionalism in the public sector is not straight forward.

Information Systems (IS) research and practice are constantly facing increasingly complex challenges through the design and development of new technology. The new technology is being researched through continuous engagement. This accentuates the importance of sociotechnical, engaged research through a critical view. However, the role of the researcher, and the engagement in research projects, is less researched. Taking a 'critical' view means to study the underlying mechanisms behind the observable, to understand change, and in this paper, we apply such a view to studying the changes in the researchers' role. This paper is based on the experience from four qualitative research projects, where we have studied four different public organizations and the technology-induced change of the professionals in these organizations.The four cases are conducted in Sweden and based on engaged research methods; an approach that draws on the perspectives of key stakeholders in a real-world problem situation to develop knowledge that might help address it. The underlying knowledge interest in this paper is understanding the driving forces behind engaged research, such as action research, how such research really is conducted and what the action entails and to shed light on some of the difficulties of engaged research while also discussing the complexity of the role. The research question is: what does the role of researchers in engaged research include over time? The main contribution is outlined in an in-depth understanding of the role of an engaged researcher whichis illustrated through four main 'trade offs' within the role.

Memory bias, the tendency to rely on certain events over others, can become an issue in chronic illnesses, especially when symptoms are reported retrospectively. This paper examines a case where continuous symptom registration can be facilitated, memory supported, and memory bias reduced by introducing a mobile application. The aim of the paper is to report on the design of an app for collecting subjective data over an extended period to continuously follow children with periodic fever. The research approach is qualitative, building on interview data. The design method is co-design, a collaborative and participatory approach involving researchers, physicians and other key stakeholders, with focus on the views of the parents. We argue that collecting data continuously through an app moves the discussion from memory to the specific data points, which is illustrated through trends shown in the visualizations of the data. Moreover, we highlight the importance of systematically collecting data over an extended period through a data-driven approach to both forward clinical practice and research on complex, often chronic topics such as periodic fever, which is genuinely under-researched to date.

Purpose – This study aims to explore virtual leadership work within educational settings in the light of social disruption. In 2020, a global pandemic changed the way we work. For school leaders, that involved running a virtual school overnight. Although there is a stream of research that explores leadership in solely virtual communities, there is a gap in the literature regarding practices that transition from analog to virtual practices and the changes in leadership in those types of work practices.

Design/methodology/approach – The data gathering method constitutes a questionnaire to explore school leaders’ experiences of virtual work and virtual leadership in light of social disruption. One hundred and five Swedish school leaders answered the questionnaire covering both fixed and open questions.

Findings – The results show that school leaders’ general experiences of transition to virtual school have worked relatively well. We show how the work changes and shift the focus in the virtual workplace.

Originality/value – The author’s contributions include theorizing about leadership affordances in virtual schools and providing implications for practice. The authors summarize our main contribution in five affordances that characterize virtual leadership, including a focus on core activities, trust-based government, 1:1 communication with staff, structure and clarity and active outreach activities. The results could be interesting for understanding the radical digitalization of leadership in the digital workplace.