Work Integrated Learning usually focuses on student's practical knowledge and learning duringthe education, while a student after completing the institutional period is still a student at workplace ass/he never stops learning. Learning within the organization is not only the formal training and educationof the employees, but also an informal process of sharing knowledge. The knowledge is often embedded in organizational activities, practices, and norms, as well as the social ties among the persons.The use of social networking site within the organization enables a new work integrated methodof learning and communication among the colleagues from different disciplines, encouraging both personal and professional informal knowledge sharing inside the organization. Our analysis ofemployee's behavior and acceptance of social networking as an informal way of learning was performed by a descriptive case survey research.The respondents providing the empirical data for survey consisted of 105 out of 180 targeted employees from a private IT organization in Pakistan. The questionnaire results present that the professionals use social networking sites to share their experiences and to build a virtual break in the hierarchical levels of the profession within the organization. Their motivation in using social networking includes sharing personal and professional experiences with co-workers and advancing their career.This paper illustrates the power of social networking as a Work Integrated Informal Learning (WIIL) tool that contributes significantly to increase the gain of interdisciplinary knowledge within the organization

Learning within the organization is not only linked to the formal training and education of the employees, but also to informal processes of sharing knowledge. The knowledge is often embedded in organizational activities, practices and norms, as well as in social ties among individuals in the organization. We analyzed employees' behavior and acceptance of online social networking as an information system (IS) of learning. The analysis is performed by a descriptive case survey within a telecom corporation in Pakistan. The purpose of our study is to bring an informal learning system at workplace. In this study we obtain quantitative data from 105 out of 180 targeted employees. The results show that a majority of the studied employees favor social networking to connect colleagues at different levels and more than half of the respondents share their knowledge and experiences using social sites. Nearly half of the respondents strongly agree that knowledge sharing is an important role of social sites within the organization and many are in favor of social media as an informal learning system. The results also show how the professionals use social networking sites to share their experiences and to build a virtual break in hierarchical levels of professions. This paper illustrates the benefits of social networking sites as an informal work integrated learning tool that also serves as an IS model for the organization.

Work Integrated Learning (WIL) studies usually focuses on educational situations when professional organizations are actively involved in learning processes for students in higher education. However, after completing the institutional period entering the professional arena, the professional person is still actually a student at the workplace as s/he never stops learning. Learning within the organization is not only linked to the formal training and education of the employees, but also to informal processes of sharing knowledge. The knowledge is often embedded in organizational activities, practices and norms, as well as in social ties among individuals in the organization. Our analysis of employees' behavior and acceptance of online social networking as an information system (IS) of learning is performed by a descriptive case survey within a telecom corporation in Pakistan. Thepurpose of our study is to bring an informal learning system at workplace. In this study we quantitative data isobtained from 105 out of 180 targeted employees. The results show that a majority of the studied employees favors social networking to connect colleagues at different levels and more than half of the respondents share their knowledge and experiences using social sites. Nearly half of the respondents strongly agree that knowledge sharing is an important role of social sites within the organization and many are in favor of social media as an informal learning system. The results also show how the professionals use social networking sites to share their experiences and to build a virtual break in hierarchical levels of professions. This paper illustrates the benefits of social networking sites as an informal work integrated learning tool that also serves as an IS model for the organization.

The recent refugee crises have caused newcomers to settle in different municipalities in Sweden. Different municipalities respond differently to the situations that arise from an increased number of refugees waiting for decisions from the Swedish Migration Agency regarding residence permit. Such variation in response also affects how refugees can access relevant information about activities and initiatives available in the designated municipality while waiting. This study investigated how stakeholders' in the municipality of Trollhättan experienced their possibilities to spread information about their activities targeting refugees. A particular interest was on what kind of activities stakeholders provided, problems they face in reaching out to refugees, and opinions on using technology usage for outreach. Seven stakeholders in Trollhättan municipality were included in the study; a private company, the municipal employment office, a university and four nonprofit organizations. Findings suggest that stakeholders did arrange various types of initiatives but it was hard for refugees placed in Trollhättan to get access to these local initiatives. Stakeholders wanted to reach out to as many refugees as possible but they have a hard time doing so. The study concluded that information access of stakeholders activities is a major problem for refugees in Trollhättan. In order to address the dispersed and hard-to-find information from the varied stakeholders, a mobile app was suggested as a solution to the information problem in order to create a digital cental place for stakeholder initiatives and information spread. These initiatives, if known about, could create a more active and varied everyday life for refugees awaiting decisions from the migration board. For stakeholders to reach out with information of planned activities and for refugees to be able to tunein to these possibilities becomes particularly important in municipalities where refugees are dispersed in various kinds of locations, rather than living in largec amps.

This paper describes the rationale behind the concrete steps how we systematically have gone through the case selection process as the first phase of a research project named Consequences of the Digitalization of Schools. The project is a single-case longitudinal (5-year long) study and adopts a so called Whole-School Approach. Previous research has criticized case studies for lack of both systematic approach and transparency in the presentation of the case selection process. The purpose of the presentation of this case selection process is to contribute to enhancing understanding of and broadening knowledge on systematic and transparent case selection techniques. The SIRIS database has been used to select a typical Swedish primary school in the chosen municipality where the project will be conducted. The SIRIS database contains annually statistics from all primary schools in Sweden, and is available online for public use. We demonstrate how and why a particular school representing a so called typical school was selected as our case. 

Various models and processes have been called for by the municipalities’ Children and Education Committee to deal with a shortage of educated staff in the school system in a Swedish municipality. The first groups in focus were the preschool staff and the Adult Education's childcare education. Within the preschool, efforts have previously been made in language development and digitalization following curricula. However, differences in practice and competence between the preschools have been shown. A recent survey demonstrated that 90% of 113 staff respondents saw themselves as average users or less of the digital artifacts available and required, for example, surf tablets and software for age adequate multi-modal communication, and administrative systems and shared documents. In parallel, in adult education, the childcare programs' previous workplace learning (WPL) tasks functioned unsatisfactory since learning tasks and work practice has been disintegrated.

Therefore, it became essential to combine these activities and develop curricula driven models with viable forms and relevant content for both parties. The intervention study shows how specific roles in preschool began to cooperate within regular working hours and regular activities combined with future childcarers from adult education included in these activities with their internship-specific tasks in line with preschools' ongoing developmental work. At present, 20 language developers have participated in the development process. Furthermore, five digitalization managers at the 14 preschools in the municipality, together with 18 prospective childcarers and 18 supervisors from the municipality's adult education, have participated in the initiative with promising results. The integrated approach, with a specific focus on combining language development with the support of digitalization managers finding relevant software and tools based on enhanced competence among professional roles to judge between available resources and drive learning processes, seems to gain traction but needs further investigations to evaluate for sustainability.

Aim: There is a strong need for methods how to develop language learning and digital competence through all levels of education, and in particular for adult immigrants. In Sweden, the responsible organization for such adult education is called Swedish For Immigrants (SFI), hosted in municipalities. Our paper will describe and analyze a specific effort to create innovative models to not only enhance language learning but also digital competence, something that is emphasized in all levels in the Swedish educational system ranging from kindergarten to adult educations in which SFI is part of. Furthermore, it will also describe how future digital divide between new arrivals and their children growing up in a digital society can be prevented.

Method and process: The study is framed as an action design research study incorporating initial trials in classroom practice of first translating stories from the mother tongue into Swedish and then later make a digital production using voice and pictures freeware functions in an app on surf tablets. These digital folk tales were then made accessible with QR codes in both Swedish and mother tongue. The latter with the aim of spreading digital folk tales in different mother tongues for children at kindergartens. In order to create an authentic situation for the adult learners in the SFI class, the teacher arranged for the learners to present their stories at kindergartens for both children and staff. At each visit there were 4 students, meeting 8-10 children and 8 staff. This turned out to be a true learning experience for all involved participants.

Result: In a short period of time the immigrants learnt how to produce digital stories and QR-codes. The children were able to use their tablets and find different stories on different languages on laminated printed QR-code. After listening to the stories, the children could ask questions directly to the producer of the story what it was about including additional questions linked to the specific country the adult person came from. After the round of different stories in Swedish the immigrants hold a presentation for the kindergarten staff about how they had worked with the process of the making of the digital production. Inspired by the immigrants in combination of the response from the children, the staff became enthusiastic in relation to work with digital competence more related to their own work practice rather than a top-down demand, as they had previously experienced curriculum driven need to develop digital competence for their young children.

Conclusion and future plans: In this case, we could clearly see promising effects from the combined effort of involving actors from children to top management of the municipality interlinked by the curriculum demand of developing digital competence and language learning combined with 21 century skills in life-long learning. Our argument is that story driven digital production combined with co-located presentations and cross generational meetings and talk, is a fruitful way of collaborative effort to empower both children, immigrant adult learners and professional practice of education. The next step is to enlarge the number of participant and have more kindergartens involved in this collaborative model of supporting lifelong learning to find out more about the positive effects seen so far in the design process as well as its problems.

Due to the increasing number of refugees in Sweden, there is increased pressure on integration organizations to educate new residents about their rights and obligations in the new country. In Sweden, this is done with a mandatory course in civic orientation for those who get a residence permit. The courses are held in the native language of the new residents, thus increasing the demand for people with both language and pedagogical skills to hold civic orientation courses. The civic orientation classes include participants with different backgrounds and ages. The only common denominator among the course participants is the language. Thus, it isnot conventional teaching where students have more characteristics in common, and integration workers are not conventional teachers since not all of them are professional, trained educators. Therefore, we claim that we see a new profession in the making since these integration workers are recruited as integration workers in Sweden on the basis of their individual background rather than on formal training. In order to illuminate this new profession, this study compares and contrasts thework situation, processes of competence development and knowledge sharing by integration workers in a small and a big city in two different municipalities in west Sweden. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews with eight integration workers and two course coordinators. The analysis was based on the dynamic theory of organizational knowledge creation by Nonaka (1994). Results indicated that the work situations share similarities in relation to how the courses were organized and planned for. However, organizational differences became evident due to the number of integration workers, quality management, employee support, and possibilities for knowledge sharing. These differences also created varied difficulties in how to improve courses and learn from other civic orientation teachers. It is concluded that there is a need for better national coordination and knowledge sharing on both the individual and organizational level. The study suggests that there should be a dynamic, interactive national support system where integration workers could systematically and individually share experiences to improve the quality of the civic orientation courses. This becomes essential since local conditions create huge variations regarding experience-based improvement of thecourses, thus jeopardizing both content and process quality of the mandatory courses by putting all responsibility on the individual teacher.

In this paper we focus on how four change laboratories in schools in a Swedish municipalityactively used the history wall tool in their respective CL process to tackle unequal access toeducational success. The four CLs were conducted in 2019-2021 involving in total 83 participants.The participants in each of the four CL brought with them their individual professional experiencesto the work with the history wall achieving a depicted timetable. This created a common groundfor each CL collective to get a mutual understanding of the amount and content of what individualsbrought with them into the professional situation of fighting inequalities to educational success.During the analysis, important events and characteristics of periods were conceptualized. Thesesconceptualizations were further linked to the range of models created in each CL to tackleinequalities. However, it became apparent that the models differed, and we argue that theydiffered depending on the historical traits each collective discussed as issues for them at theirschool also influencing prioritized models to work further with at each school.We suggest that the history wall work both stimulated further model creation as well as served asan understanding why certain models became prioritized by each collective. Therefore, thehistorical traits should be emphasized in the process as well in the analysis of created models tounderstand the participants rationale for concept formation and model creation.

The current study has been formulated in cooperation between researchers and school administrators in a rural Swedish municipality, based on their concern that there is a large and growing gender gap in school results. Several attempts had previously been tried out over the years, but the grade gap was consistent. The need for more exhaustive methods was therefore called for. To generate knowledge of how to change the situation, researcher and school professionals have worked together to create locally anchored models to deal with the gender gap in grades. The study was designed in accordance with Activity Theory and the theoretically ingrained intervention methodology Change Laboratory. In total, six Change Laboratories were designed, including all schools and school professionals in the municipality. This paper is a report from Change Laboratory number three. The core ideas of the Change Laboratory concern professional empowerment and professionally driven model development for improvement not experienced before with the assumption that change is also possible at the systemic level when working together. The participants were all school professionals who work with students in grades 7–9 in the participating school. Nine sessions were held during the Change Laboratory over a nine-week period. Each session had a duration of two hours with in general 16 participants each time. Each session was videotaped for later analysis. Results from the conducted Change Laboratory suggest that the participants became increasingly aware of the contradictions that permeate their everyday professional practice where they try to balance collegiality on the one hand and individual professional ideas on the other. These contradictions became both a trigger for change but also a trigger for increased resistance to change. Based on the results we suggest that Change Laboratory serves as a method for identifying underlying values and ideas that hinder the expressed intended change in the gender grade gap in unexpected ways. Such identified contradictions become triggers for further professional decisions regarding linking systemic conditions with local prerequisites. We conclude that Change Laboratory can serve as a method for work-integrated learning despite its high demands on all involved parties.

This small-scale interview study explore engineering expert teachers’ experiences and ideas of e-learning within engineering education. The aim is to capture teachers`experiences entering educational situations that forces them towards new modes of teaching as well as towards a closer collaboration with the industry engineering professional practice. The study addresses challenges crucial for engineering teachers to master when designing e-learning courses that manufacturing industry needs. In the paper we highlight how teachers’perspectives effect the design of work-integrated e-learning courses. In particular we investigate how teacher express their ideas regarding the transition of campus courses into work-integrated e-learning courses as a new teaching situation. Findings show that teachers are content experts in the engineering knowledge field but lack experiences and support for design of e-learning courses.

This small-scale interview study explore engineering expert teachers' experiences and ideas of e-learning within engineering education. The aim is to capture teachers`teachersèxperiences entering educational situations that forces them towards new modes of teaching as well as towards a closer collaboration with the industry engineering professional practice. The study addresses challenges crucial for engineering teachers to master when designing e-learning courses that manufacturing industry needs. In the paper we highlight how teachers' perspectives effect the design of work-integrated e-learning courses. In particular we investigate how teacher express their ideas regarding the transition of campus courses into work-integrated e-learning courses as a new teaching situation. Findings show that teachers are content experts in the engineering knowledge field but lack experiences and support for design of e-learning courses.

Collaboration at a distance has long been a research goal of distributed virtual environments. A number of recent technologies, including immersive projection technology systems (IPTs) and head-mounted displays (HMDs), promise a new generation of technologies that are more intuitive to use than desktop-based systems. This paper presents an experiment that compares collaboration in five different settings. Pairs collaborated on the same puzzle-solving task using one of: an IPT connected to another IPT, an IPT connected to an HMD, an IPT connected to a desktop system, two connected desktop systems, or face-to-face collaboration with real objects. The findings demonstrate the benefits of using immersive technologies, and show the advantages of using symmetrical settings for better performance. Some usability problems of the different distributed settings are addressed, as well as factors such as “presence” and “copresence” and how these contribute to the participants’ overall experiences

Under which conditions has collaboration added value over individual work? How does performance change when using different technologies? These are important questions for industry and for research. This paper addresses them for pairs versus individuals using physical objects and virtual representations for object-focused task-solving. Based upon previous research on pair’s performance and experiences for collaboration in a real setting and four different distributed virtual environments (VEs), single-user experimental studies were carried out. The results show that in relation to performance, pairs working in networked CAVE™ technologies are superior compared to individuals, or pairs working in other distributed settings. In general, social interaction works as a facilitator for this type of task solving in networked VEs. Though, best performance was found in the real setting, with no major difference when comparing individuals versus pairs, working in VEs often were appreciated higher than working with physical objects.

This study explores the opportunities and challenges of teaching under flexible spatial and digital conditions of the learning environment of a newly build school, analyzing how teaching is organized and what curricular genres can be discerned, what resources and practices are offered to stimulate students meaningmaking and what framing, relations and accessibility can be distinguished by the flexibility of furniture and classroom space. The analyses of a teacher team’s planning and teaching of the thematic work project on Space in years 2-3 (ages 8 to 9) and another teacher team’s thematic work project onCommunication in years 4-7 (ages10 to12) reveal varied teaching strategies between teacher-led and student-centered forms offering students linguistic, visual and audiovisual resources to make meaning of shared content in different school subjects. The young students practice reading comprehension, both of written texts and films, that also serves their knowledge-building about space. The older students display skills relating to different subjects through different technological and digital resources. 

In an open innovation project called “mCity”, the aim is to verify conceptual applications for mobile services including mobile payments and transactions. On such design initiative was designated for the citizen group “seniors”, have home care taking as part of their assistance from the home care organisational system. The design initiative is called Skafferiet, a grocery-shopping application for the home care service. Based on this project, the aim in this article is to identify if and when significant design decisions were influenced by user involvement and contextual understanding detecting whether the applied design method supported the design process or if it lead to redundant activities. The applied approach was a combination of methodological strategies emphasizing co-design and engaged scholarship. The different actors involved were i) politicians, management and staff ii) caretakers iii) designers and iv) researchers. The result indicated numerous beneficial aspects with the iterative collaboration between actors. Apart from the relevance and joy of working together, it was important for the quality of the m-service, a successful implementation process and trigger for organizational improvement. The risk of rejecting one level of involvement, in favor of saving time and reduce complexity, would probably lead to a more narrow solution lacking the empowered process of involvement and engagement of all parties leading the relevance of the design process and its end-product astray.

This is an EU-funded project related to cross boarder collaboration for educational purposes supported by information and communication technologies between Danish, Norwegian and Swedish schools. The project started in 2011 and extends to 2014 so this empirically dominated paper reports on early findings related to cross-border collaboration challenges. The aim of the project is to develop innovative cross-border teaching models by the means of user-driven, practice-based co-design processes between practitioners and researchers. In the first year, 18 classes from 13 schools in Denmark, Norway and Sweden in the Öresund-Kattegatt-Skagerack region participated. Organized in so called Nordic class-match groups (consisting of students and teachers from one class in each country) new cross-border teaching models are co-created, tested and evaluated in an iterative process. Since teaching models are subject dependent, the project develop teaching models in several subject domains, i.e. math, language, science and social studies / history. Heretofore findings show, however, that organizational and technical issues have superseded and squeezed out subject-oriented discussions due to surprisingly many practical issues that needed to be handled first. We have identified three major thresholds to overcome. The first is related to technical difficulties in schools when diverse IT systems are to be synchronized. The second threshold concerns scheduling coordination difficulties in order to allow synchronous cross boarder collaboration. The third threshold concerns linguistic and communication difficulties rooted in participants communicating in their respective Nordic language. Being able to communicate within Nordic languages are explicit learning goals in all three schools systems, and therefore part of the project aim and consequently all participants are expected to use their native languages when communicating. The next phase of the project is therefore to find solutions to these technical, organizational and linguistic barriers, and already now we see some barrier breaking models taking shape in the active network of Nordic teachers, students, school leaders, IT support teams and researchers.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the raison d’étre of the use of an incident reporting system in a Swedish primary school and through the lens of situated risk (Boholm, 2003; 2009) problematize what outcomes such a use may generate in terms of children’s safety.

In Swedish schools there exists today, through legislation, a zero tolerance level of both physical and psychological abuse of children and as such are all schools required to act when such incidents occur. The main purpose of this legislation is to maintain children’s safety in schools. In order to meet the requirements of taking action many schools have implement incident reporting systems into which they report such incidents and accidents.

However little is known about what consequences the use of such systems have in practice. In our case study we explore how legislation regarding children’s safety in schools, is translated into the implementation and use of an incident reporting system in a Swedish primary school and what consequences this has on children’s safety. We claim that there exists a need to gain more knowledge about what unintended consequences the use of such systems have on children as we find that in some situations this use may, in practice, be opposed to children’s safety. 

The aim of this paper is to investigate the enactment of digital management control systems in Swedish schools and what intended and unintended consequences, both short-term and longterm, this may have on individual-, organizational- and societal levels. A pilot study has been conducted and the results show how the enactment of an incident reporting system (one type of digital management control system) in a Swedish school resulted in unintended and even harmful consequences for the students. Combining relational theory with the frameworks of translation and enactment in studies of technology in use provides support in our investigation of how technology is inextricably intertwined in the continuous shaping and re-shaping of organizational practice.

Continuous control, testing and maintenance of systems and components are of utmost importance for maintaining safety at a nuclear power plant (NPP). And key elements for safe practice in organizations overall are often claimed to be adaptation, change and the ability to reflect and maneuver in paradoxical situations.  Identifying new innovative ways of organizing in order to control growing demands regarding safety, efficiency, quality, reliability, profitability etc. is a challenge in all types of organizations. Following this development organizational and management controltheory and practice have progressed rapidly inorganizations in recent years and one profound idea to manage and control for organizational efficiency and success is to implement management control systems (MCS:s) in which Key Performance Indicators (KPI:s) playa key role.  This paper will present an example of when a safety KPI at a NPP was presented as green,orange and red simultaneously within the same NPP. Questions raised were: how could this happen? and what consequences might this have upon safety?  What was found is that different stakeholder demands were being met at different levels of the organization when reporting the safety KPI in three different ways.However no deeper analysis of what consequences this might bring in terms of safety was conducted at anylevel.  There exists some research on how management control systems and KPI:s shape organizational outcomes. However there exists a knowledge gap considering the long term effects the use of such systems and measurements have upon i.e. safety.   

Detta är en rapport som beskriver genomförandet av ett så kallat »Change Laboratory« inom ramen för ett samverkansprojekt kring bosociala frågor, med särskild inriktning på hemlöshet och risk för hemlöshet, i Västerviks kommun. Rapporten inleds med bakgrund till projektet och en beskrivning av hur »Change Laboratory«, den använda metoden, valdes ut och planerades. Därefter följer ett teoriavsnitt och en metodbeskrivning som syftar till att ge läsaren förståelse för vad som är centrala utgångspunkter i ett »Change Laboratory«. Sedan följer en beskrivning av metodens användning utifrån önskan om att stärka den lokala förankringen och handlingskraften mellan verksamheter som arbetar med bosociala frågor i Västerviks kommun. Vidare följer beskrivningar av genomförandet av »Change Laboratory«, session för session. Kopplat till genomförandet finns också ett resultatavsnitt som sammanfattar vad som genererades av sessionerna. Rapporten avslutas med en sammanfattning av centrala slutsatser samt med en framåtblick som beskriver vad arbetet som gjorts i »Change Laboratory« kan bidra med för ett fortsatt kommunalt samverkansarbete kring hemlöshet och risk för hemlöshet.

In this paper we will report from an on-going EU-financed project aiming at developing innovative cross-border, virtual classroom instructional designs; that is designs where classes from three Nordic countries collaborate by means of technology to enhance teaching and learning. School management, teachers, students, and educational researchers from Denmark, Norway and Sweden collaborate since 2011 in three-country teams on all levels to explore and evaluate novel cross-border instructional designs in four subjects. The research approach is user-driven innovation by means of Action Research and Design-based research. The cross- border instructional designs exhibit several challenges: designs need to be aligned with all national curriculums with respect to 1) subject content and 2) learning goals, and in order to advance learning, we need to address 3) learning benefits due to the collaboration. In Mathematics, such cross-border learning benefits were particular elusive to identify, so some kind of guidance were needed. The model, first proposed for Mathematics but generalizable to other subjects, is a three-dimensional cube that categorizes an instructional design with respect to 1) subject-content, 2) aimed-for competence, and 3) learning-benefit. The subject contents and required competencies were derived and synthesized from the national curricula, whereas the learning benefits were inspired from previous cross-border designs. The model has successfully been used as a classification system for virtual classroom tasks, and also as an innovation tool to generate novel instructional designs where the expected learning benefits became explicit from start, which facilitates design evaluation. 

Digitalization of schools has been on the agenda for decades and has resulted in new demands on teachers' skills in order to implememt technology into teaching. Despite political reforms, investments in technology and continuing professional development (CPD) initiatives for teachers, research often shows slow changes and unequal implementation. This paper addresses the challenges teachers are facing when participating in a 2-year CPD project using a highly interactive technology in classroom settings. The study is based on 18 in-depth interviwes and 6 video recalled observation sessions. The results show how the actual classroom situation is being very intense for the teacher in their everyday work. We conclude that for teachers to transform their teaching practices using highly interactive ICT-based learning is associated with several challenges related to planning and execution, for the part of the teachers, at the same time as it can be beneficial for student learning.

Sveriges befolkning ökar och med det följer om- och nybyggnation av skolor med förväntningar på innovativa skolmiljöer som erbjuder god arbetsmiljö för elever och lärare och främjar en modern, elevcentrerad och elevaktiv pedagogik. Detta projekt var baserat i en sådan nybyggd skola som erbjuder flexibilitet i variation av rum och öppna ytor, flyttbara möbler och digital teknologi i sin utformning.

Syftet med projektet har varit att utveckla förståelse för den nybyggda skolans lärmiljö och studera hur skolans flexibla rumsliga och digitala ramar påverkar lärares undervisning och elevers kunskapsutveckling med utgångspunkt i följande frågeställningar:

1. Hur används skolans fysiska och digitala rum i lärares undervisningsdesign?

2. Hur kan elevers kunskapsutveckling stöttas genom rumslig och digital undervisningsdesign?

3. Hur utnyttjas fysiska och digitala rum för att lyckas med det kompensatoriska uppdraget?

Projektets har tillämpat co-design metoder, en kombination av aktionsforskning och design-baserad forskning, där lärare och forskare systematiskt och tillsammans studerat förändring och utveckling av undervisning i skolans lärmiljö över tid. Projektet har fokuserat på lärares didaktiska planering, undervisning och reflektion, möblering och rörelse i och mellan rummen, användning av digitala resurser, anpassning till elever samt ledarskapets roll. I utvecklingen av undervisningsdesign ingick kollegial planering, uppföljning, reflektion och re-design av undervisning i workshopsformat utifrån en tidigare utvecklad meta-tänkande modell för didaktisk design kallad Tanketärningar. Undervisningsdesignen har prövats i småskaliga interventioner och studerats genom observationer av lärares och elevers praktiker. En återkommande enkät har använts för att fånga lärarnas individuella röster. Dessutom genomfördes samtal och intervjuer med lärare och ledare på skolan.

Resultaten visar på att skolans flexibla rumsliga och digitala lärmiljö ställer nya krav på lärare att tänka organisatoriskt runt elevflöden och digitala resurser i undervisningen. Lärares varierande rumsliga inramningar av undervisningen mellan fri rörlighet och statiska arrangemang ger möjligheter till olika relationsbyggande. Skolans goda digitala infrastruktur erbjuder lärarna ett multimodalt planeringsstöd och flexibilitet i feedback och anpassning av innehåll till eleverna. Dock kan den digitala undervisningen även framkalla hårt paketerad och ”klicka-sig-fram” undervisning som minskar lärares handlingsutrymme och elevinflytande. Lärare skolar in elever till en strukturerad flexibilitet för att hantera rumslig och digital variation som uppfattas även ge utrymme att möta eleverna individuellt när andra elever i gruppen arbetar mer självständigt. Samtidigt är inte lärmiljön anpassad för elever som kräver en högre grad av didaktiskt ledarskap.

Samverkansambitioner har utmanats under projektets gång av coronapandemin men också oregelbundenheten i möten utöver workshoppar. Personalomsättning har påverkat relationsbygget mellan lärare och forskare över tid. Verksamhetens kollegiala arbete i lärarlag och ämnesövergripande undervisning utifrån ett fokus på tematiskt arbete har visat sig utmana lärarrollen, främst i de högre årskurserna. Projektets resultat pekar tydligt på vikten av kollegial samsyn och ledarskapets roll i det pedagogiska arbetet. Flexibiliteten behöver tolkas och kräver omfattande kollektiv planering i lärarlag som behöver ges tid och handlingsutrymme.

Projektets resultat har spridits kontinuerligt genom skolans webbsida, vetenskapliga publikationer, presentationer och workshoppar på forskningskonferenser, föredrag i Göteborgs stad som listas i slutet på rapporten. En film har samproducerats om arbetet med tanketärningsmodellen. Under projektets gång producerades sex examensarbeten på lärarutbildningarna och en masteruppsats inom informatik. Masteruppsatsen skrevs om till ett vetenskapligt prisbelönt bidrag.

Routine and projects had dominated work models for preschool staff in a Swedish municipality. To break such patterns, a process approach was initiated promoting continuous competencedevelopment. Organizing practices in the initiative focused oncombining language development among the young childrenwith relevant use of digital tools, develop pedagogical modelsfor inclusion of young children at the same time as using digital tools, and furthermore how to develop leadership modelsto enable the staff to integrate and maintain the process approach in everyday practice.

After two years of continuous effort, the common experience was positive but when trying to present the experience forstakeholders outside of the organization, such as responsibleschool politicians, there was a frustration linked to the lack of language for the positive experience of professional development and enhanced organizational quality. Activity theory was used as a point of departure for designing anactivity with the aim to collectively moving from the abstractto the concrete in being able to verbalize what the experiencewas manifested by.

A writing seminar in an active learning classroom (ALC) wascreated to collectively produce texts for concrete descriptionsand specified explanations of the positive learning experience.The result of the writing seminar suggests that the ALC roomin combination with the interaction within and betweenparticipating groups activated what Engström refers to as Expansive learning, when moving from the abstract notion ofsuccess to the concrete articulation of performed activities.Furthermore, the active learning classroom with several largescreens and walls to write on was seen as an essential toolsupporting the expansive learning in the preschool context whenconceptualizing learning. The study conclude that reflective practice needs to be materialized in concrete activities andwriting seminars in active learning classrooms is suggested as a spearhead model for such activities.

This thesis investigates the phenomenon of social interaction in shared virtual environments (SVEs), supported by virtual reality (VR) systems over time. SVEs are computer generated 3D graphical spaces where geographically distributed people can meet and interact with each other in a graphical space. Although there have been a number of studies about social interaction in SVEs, there has been a lack of research looking into changes over time, which this thesis does. In order to gain more knowledge about social interaction over the longer term, this thesis compares and contrasts four different types of VR systems that supported various SVEs. Two of the systems were internet based SVEs on desktop computers where many users could interact at the same time. One of the SVEs had voice based communication. The other SVE had text based communication. The other two were based in laboratory settings. One setting was networked immersive projection technologies (IPT) in which two participants performed a variety of tasks together. The other was one IPT connected to a desktop VR and participants changed systems half way through the trial in which they collaboratively solved a task together. In both settings voice based communication were used. Observations and other methods of analysis were carried out, focusing on differences and similarities in peoples behaviors in the process of social interaction over time in SVEs. The six papers contained in this thesis explore social interaction over time in shared virtual environments. This thesis argues that technology becomes not only a tool for social interaction; it also becomes a key aspect in social interaction. While the technology filters out some of the social cues we are familiar with from face to face situations, it also ‘filters in’ new cues that become important for how people can connect to each other in the shared virtual environment. Over time, these social cues, that people creates among themselves while using the technology, become essential for people learn about; otherwise they find it difficult to relate to each other and do things together in the shared virtual environments. The more difficulties people have in figuring out how to use the technology while interacting with others, the less they will accept the technology as an appropriate tool for connecting people and doing things together. The reason for this is that social and technical issues can only be separated analytically in shared virtual environments; in practice, as this thesis shows, they are highly intertwined. This thesis puts forward a dynamic model identifying the importance of looking more explicitly at individuals, technology, task and time while studying social interaction in SVEs. In this way, the thesis combines a number of insights both from previous social science theories of social interaction and practices - together with observations from the studies this thesis builds on. The thesis puts forward a concept that includes these insights - connected practice, defined as the dynamics of social interaction in technical systems. This concept can guide future studies to incorporate both technical and social aspects over time since it was shown to be the key to understanding the phenomenon of this thesis. It is finally suggested in the thesis that the concept connected practice can be utilized in other technical systems apart from SVEs in future research of social interaction in technical systems.

To achieve knowledge and understanding in social science, students' ability to discuss and reflect is important. However, the goal to stimulate perspective taking and inference making upon social phenomena has proven to be difficult in general and in particular for primary school students. Thus, there is a need to develop models and concepts for learning that provide guidance that address these challenges. This study reports on how 6th grade students in a Swedish school successfully worked with gender roles in society with a storydriven didactical design linked to digital competence development and creativity in a cross-border setting.

Purpose The goal to stimulate perspective taking and inference making on social phenomena, such as gender roles in society, has proven to be difficult to achieve in general and in particular for primary school students. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to develop creative models and concepts for learning that provide guidance addressing these challenges. Design/methodology/approach A case study methodology, including classroom observations, teacher interviews and analysis of videos created by students, was applied within a large-scale action research project related to cross-border collaboration for educational purposes supported by information and communication technologies among Danish, Norwegian and Swedish schools. FindingsThis study reports on how teachers organized group work for their sixth grades students to reimagine and videoing fairy tales endings of Cinderella in order to explore and learn about gender roles in society in a cross-border setting. The personal, emotional and social negotiations of working with peers and giving feedback to students in other schools from other countries enhanced their learning. Results suggest that adding the framework of boundary object-driven design helps to improve the process by its focus on a shared understanding, common practice and sense-making. Originality/value The study incorporates the framework on boundary objects as a "€œmental design device"€ into a story-driven digital production project, suggesting that creativity in combination with a specific yet open task for student group work enhances learning in social science.