In this master thesis a flexible manufacturing system for a PTC machine hall has been modelled and simulated using RobCad. This system includes several equipments and machines which have been modelled and arranged to come up with three possible layouts. The machine hall in UW will be moved to a new place in Innovatum (a research area in Trollhättan). The machines were chosen from the existing machine hall according to UW requirements in order not to buy new machines because of economic reasons. The number of cells was also set by UW. The machines and equipments that will be moved are; two CNC machines, three ABB robots, a 4-axis gantry robot which transport the materials between the cells and a conveyor or a flex link which has been proposed in this project for the loading/unloading station use. The purposes of moving the machine hall to Innovatum are: - More people will be able to use the machine hall (i.e. UW, other schools and costumers from other companies for training purposes). - The environment will be more available to do more production operations using the robots and machines. - It will be a good opportunity to develop the programs and software, for that will let UW be able to hire a whole automation package to the costumers. - Students will be nearby to the industries'9 environment and may have more contact with different companies. - Since the new machine hall will attract costumers it will gain incomes to UW. Three layouts have been proposed in this thesis work, and these layouts fulfil all or most of the requirements of the costumers and users.

There is always a need for easy-to-follow processes that enable accurate and non-time consuming solutions. Nowadays we see a lot of different approaches to development processes in software engineering. This project is concerned with how to manage a software development process in a reliable, secure and efficient way. Software is available which provides some help for project managers / administrators to work more productively, with effective communication. Using such systems, it is possible to keep track of all the phases of development, including task distribution, making maximum use of previous hands-on experience and increasing productivity, to deliver a finished product in minimum time. No existing solution, however, fulfills all the desirable criteria. This paper describes the motivation, design and implementation of an improved development management system using Active Server Pages and Microsoft Internet Information Services with a backend Microsoft Access Database developed using a waterfall software development process. The resulting system is described and evaluated. This system will be beneficial for software houses, because they can communicate on the web, allowing efficiency gains by avoiding the need to call meetings for distribution of tasks among employees, with the additional advantage of location-transparent team management through the Internet.

Many of the network applications today are demanding QoS guaranteed paths which the best effort routing protocols e.g. OSPF cannot calculate, because these protocols are topology driven, do not address many of the constraints by these applications and only calculate shortest paths. In this thesis offline constraint based routing is studied for Open Shortest Path First (OSPFv2) protocol single area network and an offline server is proposed for QoS guaranteed routing. The server builds traffic engineering (TE) database and calculates QoS guaranteed paths on behalf of all the routers in that area. The client routers only do best effort routing for normal data flows with no requirement for QoS guaranteed paths. The client routers use NETCONF protocol to download QoS routes from the offline server (OS). The offline server besides calculating QoS paths also reduces congestion and helps in efficiently utilizing the network resources, for example bandwidth.

This article presents a brief state of the art in the Swedish metal working industry regarding the production preparation process for the machine centre. The article is based on a relationship model from which a questionnaire was developed. The model incorporates the perceived preparation process efficiency, the amount of systematic preparation work, in relation to the companies’ premises as possible causes. The investigation is based on a general hypothesis that a more systematic approach in the preparation process leads to higher preparation process efficiency. This hypothesis was supplemented by two more hypotheses and additional analyses to create an understanding of the situation. The main finding in this investigation is that there appear to be no relationship between increased  ystematic preparation work and perception of higher preparation efficiency. The investigation also indicates that many metal working companies have little knowledge about the performance of their preparation process and that there is an efficiency improvement potential of nearly 30%.

För att förbättra elleveransen till kund genomför Vattenfall Eldistribution AB en successiv kablifiering av mellanspänningsnätet. En effekt av denna kablifiering är att näten får förändrade systemegenskaper. Förändringen innebär att det vid ett jordfel skapas en oönskad resistiv strömkomponent (Ir) från ledningssystemet, vilket ger problem med de elsäkerhetskrav som ställs. En förutsättning för att hantera jordfelsströmmar i stora kabelnät är att Ir reduceras, för detta ändamål saknas idag väl fungerande tekniska lösningar. Detta arbete syftar till att genomföra en analys av systemegenskaper vid kablifiering. Vidare är syftet att ta fram ett underlag för kravspecificering av kablar samt söka svar på frågan om hur man med hjälp av utlokaliserade spolar kan minimera de negativa verkningar som kablifiering av näten medför. Resultat från studien visar att Ir kan minska genom att öka kablars skärmarea och minska dess kapacitans, störst effekt ger en förändring av kapacitansen. Vidare visar arbetet att nätens konfiguration påverkar storleken på Ir, störst problem ger långsträckta nät. En effektiv metod att reducera Ir är att tillämpa utlokaliserad kompensering, alltså spolar placerade ute i näten. Metoden är särskilt effektiv på långa utledningar. En annan effekt av utlokaliserade reaktorer är att betydelsen av kablarnas elektriska egenskaper minskar. I denna studie framkommer inga alternativ till utlokaliserad kompensering i stora kabelnät.

Med detta examensarbete ska vi försöka förklara vad dolda fel är, som kan upptäckas efter en fastighetsförsäljning. Vi tittar på frågan ur både säljaren och köparens synvinklar och vad fastighetsmäklaren och besiktningsmannen har för roller och ansvar i frågan. Med en artikel från tidningen Vi i villa ger vi några exempel på vad som kan tolkas vara dolda fel eller inte. Vi har också tittat lite på de försäkringar som finns och kan tecknas mot dolda fel. Slutligen har vi en spännande motion till riksdagen som visar hur många i branschen vill utveckla och förändra det nuvarande systemet

Aluminum coatings can provide galvanic cathodic protection for several metals and alloys. In order to be a suitable protective solution on structural components, the mechanical integrity must be preserved. In particular, the fatigue properties are a challenge for thermal spray protective coatings on mechanical structures. To address the issue of the fatigue integrity of 7075 aluminum alloy with an arc sprayed protective coating, different surface preparations prior to arc spraying were considered. In the present work, a feasibility study was performed using laser ablation as a surface preparation technique before or during arc spraying of coatings through collaboration between the LERMPS laboratory in France, the National Research Council of Canada and the Royal Military College of Canada. Both fatigue and adhesive properties of aluminum coatings were evaluated in relation to substrate surface preparation techniques including laser ablation (PROTAL® process), grit blasting and shot peening. Results indicate that a combination of key conditions including using nitrogen as the arc spray gas, shot peening and proper laser energy density for ablation provides high fatigue resistance of metallic coated 7075 alloy substrates. Specimens prepared under these conditions show a similar fatigue resistance to uncoated substrates. © Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum.

The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of plasma-sprayed Ni5%Al particles on polished and grit-blasted Ti6Al4V samples under oxidized and nonoxidized conditions. For this purpose, measurements of thermal radiation and velocity of individual plasma-sprayed particles were carried out. From the thermal radiation at impact, splat diameter during flattening and temperature evolution during cooling were evaluated. Characteristic parameters related to the quality of contact between the splat and the substrate were retrieved. The flattening speed was introduced to characterize wetting, while the cooling rate was used to characterize solidification. The idea was to get a signature of particle impact for a given surface roughness and oxidation state by identifying parameters which strongly affect the splat behavior. Sieved Ni5%Al powder in a narrow range (+65 −75 μm) was sprayed on four sets of titanium alloy surfaces, consisting of polished and grit-blasted samples, one set had a nonoxidized surface and the other one was oxidized in an oven at 600 °C for two hours. Resulting splats after impact were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, the splats on oxidized surface showed pores in their core and detached fingers at the periphery. The cooling rate and flattening degree significantly increased on the oxidized smooth surface compared to the nonoxidized one. This trend was not found in grit-blasted surfaces, which implies that impact phenomena are different on grit-blasted surfaces than on smooth surfaces thus further work is needed.

The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of plasma-sprayed Ni5%Al particles on polished and grit-blasted Ti6Al4V samples under oxidized and nonoxidized conditions. For this purpose, measurements of thermal radiation and velocity of individual plasma-sprayed particles were carried out. From the thermal radiation at impact, splat diameter during flattening and temperature evolution during cooling were evaluated. Characteristic parameters related to the quality of contact between the splat and the substrate were retrieved. The flattening speed was introduced to characterize wetting, while the cooling rate was used to characterize solidification. The idea was to get a signature of particle impact for a given surface roughness and oxidation state by identifying parameters which strongly affect the splat behavior. Sieved Ni5%Al powder in a narrow range (+65 −75 μm) was sprayed on four sets of titanium alloy surfaces, consisting of polished and grit-blasted samples, one set had a nonoxidized surface and the other one was oxidized in an oven at 600 °C for two hours. Resulting splats after impact were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, the splats on oxidized surface showed pores in their core and detached fingers at the periphery. The cooling rate and flattening degree significantly increased on the oxidized smooth surface compared to the nonoxidized one. This trend was not found in grit-blasted surfaces, which implies that impact phenomena are different on grit-blasted surfaces than on smooth surfaces thus further work is needed.

To achieve sufficient adhesion strength within thermal spraying, the surface to be coated has to be modified. Grit blasting is the most common way to generate a clean and roughened surface. The bonding mechanism between the grit-blasted substrate and the coating is assumed to be due to mechanical anchoring, why an optimal surface roughness is essential. The surface roughness is usually evaluated using Ra which cannot fully characterize the complex nature of the chaotic substrate topography. This study was performed in order to evaluate if Ra can be replaced by other surface characteristic parameters such us R.q, Rpk, Rpv, Rk…with higher correlation to adhesion strength. Average roughness was measured by a perthometer and with white light interferometry to get 3D images of the surface topography. Disc shaped substrate samples of Ti6Al4V (AMS 4928) were grit blasted with aluminium oxide grit and plasma sprayed with a Ni5%Al coating. Adhesion strength was determined according to the ASTM C633 standard. The correlation between a number of different surface-parameters and adhesion strength were evaluated and compared with Ra.

The Protal process combines surface preparation using a laser and thermal spraying in one production step. The laser preparation is based on a photomechanical reaction induced by the interaction between a laser of high instantaneous power and a polluted surface. The mechanism of bonding and the coating-substrate interface are then changed in comparison with grit blasting resulting in a significantly reduced substrate roughness. This study is aimed at finding the optimal Protal process parameters for the coating adhesion of a Ni5%Al sprayed on Ti6Al4V and IN718 alloys. The parameters investigated are laser beam intensity, the time delay between the laser impact and the spray impact, powder feed rate, substrate roughness and temperature. A test plan including these parameters is analysed by means of a fractional factorial design of experiment method. The adhesions of the coatings are measured using the ASTM C633 standard test. Data are analysed by a multiple linear regression model using a least squares fit. In addition, the coating/substrate interface is examined by optical and electron scanning microscopy (SEM) techniques as well as by Auger electron spectroscopy. Substrate roughness, substrate temperature and laser intensity are all shown to have a negative correlation with adhesion strength within the investigated range. Areas of diffusion are noticed at the coating/substrate interface.

Abstract A detailed study of a swirling flow in a tube is presented in the first part of the paper. A simplified analytical solution of the governing equations indicates specific modes of the tangential velocity and that the decay of the swirl effect is exponential. The problem is then solved in three dimensions using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and a comparison with analytical expressions shows that the CFD code is reliable in terms of accuracy. The CFD results confirm that a fundamental swirling mode is reached within a short distance from the inlet. The torque swirl number is introduced to physically estimate the intensity of the swirl. A companion value is given: it is the average deviation.

This report is a ten credit degree project and is aimed at technically skilful personnel at Volvo Aero Corporation and at the University West. The goal of the project is to create a robot program that can manufacture a part by Metal Deposition from a 3-D CAD model (Unigraphics) via a CAM module and a CAR program (IGRIP) to an ABB robot. Metal Deposition is a method to build new parts, add material to an existing part and repair components that have been damaged in earlier processes. The method can be used with different kinds of welding with powder or welding wire as the additive material. Three reference geometries were used; two bosses and a circular sweep. UG/CAM is used to create the CLS (Cutter Location Source) data. Different milling operations are used to emulate welding.The program which imports the coordinates from the CLS data to IGRIP, as well as the export program, was written in GSL (Graphics Simulation Language). GSL is a Pascal-like programming language used to control the behaviour of simulation models. The import program reads linear movement coordinates line by line until the whole CLS file has been converted into IGRIP. UG/CAM should only use linear movement when using this program. If circular movements are used, a feature that converts those has to be added to the import program.

I Sverige har det sedan maj 2009 varit tillåtet att bilda ägarlägenheter. En ägarlägenhet är en typ av fastighet som är avgränsad både horisontellt och vertikalt och avsedd att innehålla endast en bostadslägenhet. Ägarlägenheten ägs som vilken fastighet som helst och kan därmed fritt hyras ut, pantsättas, belånas och överlåtas.Några av de första att satsa på den nya bostadsformen var det kommunala bostadsbolaget på Öckerö, Öckerö Bostads AB. Bolaget startade 2009 projekteringen av ett nytt bostadsområde som omfattades av 5 huskroppar om totalt 50 ägarlägenheter på Breviksängar. Öckerö Bostads AB styckade av 50 ägarlägenheter varav de sålde 30 av lägenheterna och behöll 20 lägenheter för uthyrning. Det är kombinationen bolagsägande och privat ägande men också hur förvaltningen har fungerat som har undersökts och analyserats. Både lekmannaperspektivet och fackmannaperspektivet har belysts.En anledning till att bolaget valde att sälja 30 av de 50 ägarlägenheterna var för att bolaget ville delfinansiera de 20 hyreslägenheterna och på så sätt hålla hyresnivån för en nyproducerad lägenhet på en rimlig nivå. Att hyresrätterna delfinansieras med försäljning av ägarlägenheter leder till att bostadsbolaget kan erbjuda hyresgästerna en lägre hyra jämfört med om hela projektet hade varit hyresrätterBlandningen av hyresrätter och ägarlägenheter upplevs av de flesta som positiv. Vissa av ägarlägenheternas ägare anser dock att hyresgästerna inte är lika rädda om området som ägarlägenhetsägarna. Ser man till de grannelagsrättsliga reglerna är det däremot mer säkert att bo bredvid en hyresgäst än att bo bredvid en ägarlägenhetsägare eftersom en hyresgäst kan avhysas om denne orsakar störningar i boendet medan en ägarlägenhetsägare inte kan avhysas även om denne orsakar störningar.Öckerö Bostads AB hade också en integrationstanke om att blanda olika typer av människor och familjekonstellationer på Breviksängar, därför blandades hyresrätter och ägarlägenheter i samtliga hus, detta är dock svårt att införliva på Öckerö på grund av att hyrorna och kostnaden för en ägarlägenhet fortfarande är relativt höga.Samfälligheter och gemensamhetsanläggningar bildades för att tillgodose ägarlägenheternas gemensamma behov. Alla ägarlägenheternas ägare, både privata ägare och bostadsbolaget, ingår i Norra Breviks samfällighetsförening som förvaltar samfälligheterna och gemensamhetsanläggningarna. Denna gemensamma förvaltning upplevs till stor del ha fungerat bra. Att Öckerö Bostads AB representeras i styrelsen är bra dels för att bolaget representerar hyresgästerna, men också för att Öckerö Bostads AB har kunskap om fastighetsförvaltning. Det finns dock ägarlägenhetsägare som anser att Öckerö Bostads AB inte skall vara med i styrelsen.Bland de som äger sina ägarlägenheter har det uppstått oklarheter från kring bolagets olika roller. En gränsdragning mellan bolagets roll som byggherre och bolagets roll som fastighetsägare bör vara tydligare för att undvika missförstånd, speciellt viktigt är det innan garantitidens utgång för att inte blanda ihop byggherrefrågor och föreningsfrågor.

Development of information systems and IT are continuously ongoing in almost every company and organisation. More and more IT development is performed in organisations characterised by professional work. Two studies are performed to point out two types of professions. One study is carried out at an airbase within the Swedish Air Force and one study is done in a health care organisation in Sweden. The aim of this paper is to describe and analyse the different types of professional work in these organisations. Some implications of the use of IT in different types of professional work are addressed