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  • 1.
    Adli, E.
    et al.
    University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
    Gjersdal, H.
    University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
    Røhne, O.M.
    University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
    Dorholt, O.
    University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
    Bang, D.M.
    University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
    Thomas, D,
    ESS ERIC, Lund, Sweden.
    Shea, T.
    ESS ERIC, Lund, Sweden.
    Andersson, R.
    ESS ERIC, Lund, Sweden.
    Ibison, M.G.
    University of Liverpool and Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, UK.
    Welsch, C.P
    University of Liverpool and Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, UK.
    Joshi, Shrikant V.
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Subtractive and Additive Manufacturing. University West, Department of Engineering Science, Research Enviroment Production Technology West.
    The Ess Target Proton Beam Imaging Systemas In-Kind Contribution2017In: Proceedings of IPAC2017, Copenhagen, Denmark, 2017, p. 3422-3425Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 2.
    Algenaid, Wael
    et al.
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Subtractive and Additive Manufacturing.
    Ganvir, Ashish
    GKN Aerospace Engine Systems, Trollhättan, Sweden.
    Calinas, Rosa Filomena
    Innovnano materials, Coimbra, Portugal.
    Varghese, Johny
    University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India.
    Rajulapati, Koteswararao V.
    University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India.
    Joshi, Shrikant V.
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Research Enviroment Production Technology West.
    Influence of microstructure on the erosion behaviour of suspension plasma sprayed thermal barrier coatings2019In: Surface & Coatings Technology, ISSN 0257-8972, E-ISSN 1879-3347, Vol. 375, p. 86-99Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are applied on the surface of hot parts of gas turbine engines to increase the turbine efficiency by providing thermal insulation and to protect the engine parts from the harsh environment. Typical degradation of TBCs can be attributed to bond coat oxidation, thermal stress etc. In addition to this, erosion can also lead to partial or complete removal of the TBCs especially when the engine operates under erosive environment such as flying over desert area, near active volcanic or offshore ocean environment. Suspension Plasma Spraying (SPS) is a promising technique for TBC applications by virtue of its ability to produce a strain-tolerant porous-columnar microstructure that combines the benefits of both electron beam physical vapor deposited (EB-PVD) as well as atmospheric plasma sprayed (APS) coatings. This work investigates the influence of various coating microstructures produced by SPS on their erosion behavior. Six different coatings with varied microstructures produced using different suspensions with distinct characteristics were studied and their erosion resistance was compared. Results showed significant influence of SPS TBCs microstructures on the erosion resistance. Furthermore, the erosion resistance of SPS TBCs showed a close correlation between fracture toughness and the erosion rate, higher fracture toughness favours superior erosion resistance. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.

  • 3.
    Andersson, Oscar
    et al.
    KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Production Engineering and XPRES, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Fahlström, Karl
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Research Enviroment Production Technology West. Swerea Group .
    Melander, Arne
    KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Production Engineering and XPRES, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Experiments and efficient simulations of distortions of laser beam-€“welded thin-sheet close beam steel structures2019In: Proceedings of the Institution of mechanical engineers. Part B, journal of engineering manufacture, ISSN 0954-4054, E-ISSN 2041-2975, Vol. 233, no 3, p. 787-796Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this article, geometrical distortions of steel structures due to laser beam welding were analyzed. Two 700-mm-long U-beam structures were welded in overlap configurations: a double U-beam structure and a U-beam/flat structure. The structures were in different material combinations from mild steel to ultrahigh-strength steel welded with different process parameters. Different measures of distortions of the U-beam structures were evaluated after cooling. Significant factors of the welding process and the geometry of the structures were identified. Furthermore, welding distortions were modeled using two predictive finite element simulation models. The previously known shrinkage method and a newly developed time-efficient simulation method were evaluated. The new model describes the effects of expansion and shrinkage of the weld zone during welding and material plasticity at elevated temperatures. The new simulation method has reasonable computation times for industrial applications and improved agreement with experiments compared to the often used so-called shrinkage method. © 2018, IMechE 2018.

  • 4.
    Aranke, Omkar
    et al.
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Subtractive and Additive Manufacturing.
    Algenaid, Wael
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Subtractive and Additive Manufacturing.
    Awe, Samuel
    R and D Department, Automotive Components Floby AB, Floby, 52151, Sweden.
    Joshi, Shrikant V.
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Research Enviroment Production Technology West.
    Coatings for automotive gray cast iron brake discs: A review2019In: Coatings, ISSN 2079-6412, Vol. 9, no 9, article id 552Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Gray cast iron (GCI) is a popular automotive brake disc material by virtue of its high melting point as well as excellent heat storage and damping capability. GCI is also attractive because of its good castability and machinability, combined with its cost-effectiveness. Although several lightweight alloys have been explored as alternatives in an attempt to achieve weight reduction, their widespread use has been limited by low melting point and high inherent costs. Therefore, GCI is still the preferred material for brake discs due to its robust performance. However, poor corrosion resistance and excessive wear of brake disc material during service continue to be areas of concern, with the latter leading to brake emissions in the form of dust and particulate matter that have adverse effects on human health. With the exhaust emission norms becoming increasingly stringent, it is important to address the problem of brake disc wear without compromising the braking performance of the material. Surface treatment of GCI brake discs in the form of a suitable coating represents a promising solution to this problem. This paper reviews the different coating technologies and materials that have been traditionally used and examines the prospects of some emergent thermal spray technologies, along with the industrial implications of adopting them for brake disc applications. © 2019 by the authors.

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  • 5.
    Baghdadchi, Amir
    et al.
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Welding Technology.
    Hosseini, Vahid
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Welding Technology.
    Karlsson, Leif
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Research Enviroment Production Technology West. University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Welding Technology.
    Identification and quantification of martensite in ferritic-austenitic stainless steels and welds2021In: Journal of Materials Research and Technology, ISSN 2238-7854, Vol. 15, p. 3610-3621Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper aims at the phase identification and quantification in transformation induced plasticity duplex stainless steel (TDSS) base and weld metal containing ferrite, austenite, and martensite. Light optical microscopy (LOM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis were employed to analyze phases. Samples were either mechanically or electrolytically polished to study the effect of the preparation technique. Mechanical polishing produced up to 26% strain-induced martensite. Electrolytic polishing with 150 g citric acid, 300 g distilled water, 600 mL H3PO4, and 450 mL H2SO4 resulted in martensite free surfaces, providing high-quality samples for EBSD analysis. Martensite identification was challenging both with LOM, due to the similar etching response of ferrite and martensite, and with EBSD, due to the similar lattice structures of ferrite and martensite. An optimized Beraha color etching procedure was developed that etched martensite distinctively. A novel step-by-step EBSD methodology was also introduced considering grain size and orientation, which successfully identified and quantified martensite as well as ferrite and austenite in the studied TDSS. Although here applied to a TDSS, the presented EBSD methodology is general and can, in combination with knowledge of the metallurgy of the specific material and with suitable adaption, be applied to a multitude of multiphase materials. It is also general in the sense that it can be used for base material and weld metals as well as additive manufactured materials.

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    JMR&T
  • 6.
    Baghdadchi, Amir
    et al.
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Welding Technology.
    Hosseini, Vahid
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Welding Technology.
    Valiente Bermejo, María Asunción
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Welding Technology.
    Axelsson, Björn
    Alfa Laval Tumba AB, Tumba (SWE).
    Harati, Ebrahim
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Welding Technology. ITW Welding AB,Partille (SWE).
    Högström, Mats
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Welding Technology.
    Karlsson, Leif
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Research Enviroment Production Technology West. University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Welding Technology.
    Wire laser metal deposition additive manufacturing of duplex stainless steel components -Development of a systematic methodology2021In: Materials, ISSN 1996-1944, E-ISSN 1996-1944, Vol. 14, no 23, article id 7170Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A systematic four-stage methodology was developed and applied to the Laser Metal Deposition with Wire (LMDw) of a duplex stainless steel (DSS) cylinder > 20 kg. In the four stages, single-bead passes, a single-bead wall, a block, and finally a cylinder were produced. This stepwise approach allowed the development of LMDw process parameters and control systems while the volume of deposited material and the geometrical complexity of components increased. The as-deposited microstructure was inhomogeneous and repetitive, consisting of highly ferritic regions with nitrides and regions with high fractions of austenite. However, there were no cracks or lack of fusion defects; there were only some small pores, and strength and toughness were comparable to those of the corresponding steel grade. A heat treatment for 1 h at 1100 degrees (C) was performed to homogenize the microstructure, remove nitrides, and balance the ferrite and austenite fractions compensating for nitrogen loss occurring during LMDw. The heat treatment increased toughness and ductility and decreased strength, but these still matched steel properties. It was concluded that implementing a systematic methodology with a stepwise increase in the deposited volume and geometrical complexity is a cost-effective way of developing additive manufacturing procedures for the production of significantly sized metallic components.

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    Materials
  • 7.
    Barick, Prasenjit
    et al.
    International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials, Balapur Post, Hyderabad, 500005 Telangana, India.
    Chakravarty, Dibyendu
    International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials, Balapur Post, Hyderabad, 500005 Telangana, India.
    Saha, Bhaskar Prasad
    International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials, Balapur Post, Hyderabad, 500005 Telangana, India.
    Nitra, Rahul
    Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302 West Bengal, India.
    Joshi, Shrikant
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Research Enviroment Production Technology West. International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials, Balapur Post, Hyderabad, 500005 Telangana, India.
    Effect of pressure and temperature on densification, microstructure and mechanical properties of spark plasma sintered silicon carbide processed with β-silicon carbide nanopowder and sintering additives2016In: Ceramics International, ISSN 0272-8842, E-ISSN 1873-3956, Vol. 42, no 3, p. 3836-3848Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The effects of applied pressure and temperature during spark plasma sintering (SPS) of additive-containing nanocrystalline silicon carbide on its densification, microstructure, and mechanical properties have been investigated. Both relative density and grain size are found to increase with temperature. Furthermore, with increase in pressure at constant temperature, the relative density improves significantly, whereas the grain size decreases. Reasonably high relative density (~96%) is achieved on carrying out SPS at 1300 °C under applied pressure of 75 MPa for 5 min, with a maximum of ~97.7% at 1500 °C under 50 MPa for 5 min. TEM studies have shown the presence of an amorphous phase at grain boundaries and triple points, which confirms the formation of liquid phase during sintering and its significant contribution to densification of SiC at relatively lower temperatures (≤1400 °C). The relative density decreases on raising the SPS temperature beyond 1500 °C, probably due to pores caused by vaporization of the liquid phase. Whereas β-SiC is observed in the microstructures for SPS carried out at temperatures ≤1500 °C, α-SiC evolves and its volume fraction increases with further increase in SPS temperatures. Both hardness and Young׳s modulus increase with increase in relative density, whereas indentation fracture toughness appears to be higher in case of two-phase microstructure containing α and β-SiC.

  • 8.
    Barick, Prasenjit
    et al.
    International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials, Balapur Post, Hyderabad-500005, Telangana, India.
    Saha, Bhaskar Prasad
    International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials, Balapur Post, Hyderabad-500005, Telangana, India.
    Joshi, Shrikant
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Research Enviroment Production Technology West. International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials, Balapur Post, Hyderabad-500005, Telangana, India.
    Mitra, Rahul
    Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
    Spray-freeze-dried nanosized silicon carbide containing granules: Properties, compaction behaviour and sintering2016In: Journal of the European Ceramic Society, ISSN 0955-2219, E-ISSN 1873-619X, Vol. 36, no 16, p. 3863-3877Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Spherical granules comprising silicon carbide nanoparticles have been produced with the help of sprayfreeze-drying (SFD) technique. The effect of solid loading of slurries on rheological properties, flowability and morphology of the resulting SFD granules has been studied. Further, a systematic study has been performed to investigate the effect of applied pressures and granule density on the relative densities and microstructures of the green compacts. A marginal increase in viscosity is noted as the solid content of slurries increases from 5 to 15 vol% with significant increase in viscosity being observed in case of 18 vol% slurry. The granules prepared from SiC slurries are spherical in shape with their mean size, density, gravimetric flow rate, and yield strength increasing with the increase in solid content. The mechanical properties of sintered SiC produced from SFD granules are found relatively superior to that made from commercially available spray-dried (SD) granules.

  • 9.
    Bhoje, Sourabh
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Research Enviroment Production Technology West.
    Termisk cykling provuppställning konstruktion och provning av TBCs för dieselmotorapplikation2017Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) thermally insulate the substrate from high temperature exposure. This work attempted to simulate real engine thermal cyclic conditions by designing a test method to evaluate the thermal cyclic fatigue (TCF) performance of different coatings applied inside exhaust manifold of a diesel engine. The coatings investigated in this work comprised of two plasmas-sprayed TBCs (conventional 8YSZ and nanostructured 8YSZ) and one bond coat (NiCoCrAlY). Additionally, these coatings were exposed to isothermal testing and their oxidation behavior was evaluated.   All the coatings along with only substrate were exposed to temperature around 525°C for 150 cycles in thermal cyclic testing carried out on Scania’s heavy-duty diesel engine. For isothermal testing, all coatings along with only substrate material were exposed to 650°C and 750°C for 168 hours respectively. Microstructural analysis by SEM/EDS was carried out to compare the microstructural evolution of the tested coatings with the as sprayed TBCs. In the case of thermal cyclic test, all coatings showed no failure and no TGO growth up to 150 cycles. In the EDS analysis for isothermally tested coatings, oxidation of the substrate at bond coat- substrate interface instead of TGO growth was observed. Bond coat showed lowest oxide layer thickness at 650°C and 750°C followed by conventional YSZ and then nanostructured YSZ. But, conventional YSZ showed microcracks in top coat near top coat- bond coat interface after isothermal testing. Thermal cyclic and isothermal exposure test results showed that bond coated substrate and nanostructured YSZ have the potential to be implemented inside the real manifold.   

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  • 10.
    Björklund, Stefan
    et al.
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Subtractive and Additive Manufacturing.
    Goel, Sneha
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Subtractive and Additive Manufacturing.
    Joshi, Shrikant V.
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Research Enviroment Production Technology West.
    Function-dependent coating architectures by hybrid powder-suspension plasma spraying: Injector design, processing and concept validation2018In: Materials & design, ISSN 0264-1275, E-ISSN 1873-4197, Vol. 142, p. 56-65Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The attractive properties achieved by Suspension Plasma Spraying (SPS), combined with the availability of high throughput capable plasma spray systems that permit axial feeding, provide encouragement to explore use of suspensions for next generation functional applications. This paper deals with realization of coatings with various pre-determined function-dependent architectures by employing a hybrid powder-suspension feedstock. Some illustrative application-relevant coating architecture designs are discussed, along with the specific benefits that can accrue by deploying a multi-scale powder-suspension feedstock combination. An elegant feedstock delivery arrangement to enable either simultaneous or sequential feeding of powders and suspensions to enable convenient processing of coatings with desired architectures is presented. As proof-of-concept, deposition of layered, composite and functionally graded coatings using the above system is also demonstrated using appropriate case studies

  • 11.
    Bolelli, G.
    et al.
    University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Dipartimento di Ingegneria 'Enzo Ferrari', Via P. Vivarelli 10/1, Modena, MO, Italy .
    Berger, L.-M.
    Fraunhofer-Institut für Werkstoff- und Strahltechnik (IWS), Winterbergstr. 28, Dresden, Germany.
    Börner, T.
    Fraunhofer-Institut für Werkstoff- und Strahltechnik (IWS), Winterbergstr. 28, Dresden, Germany.
    Koivuluoto, H.
    Tampere University of Technology, Department of Materials Science, Korkeakoulunkatu 6, Tampere, Finland .
    Matikainen, V.
    Tampere University of Technology, Department of Materials Science, Korkeakoulunkatu 6, Tampere, Finland .
    Lusvarghi, L.
    University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Dipartimento di Ingegneria 'Enzo Ferrari', Via P. Vivarelli 10/1, Modena, MO, Italy .
    Lyphout, Christophe
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Production Engineering.
    Markocsan, Nicolaie
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Production Engineering.
    Nylén, Per
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Research Enviroment Production Technology West.
    Sassatelli, P.
    University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Dipartimento di Ingegneria 'Enzo Ferrari', Via P. Vivarelli 10/1, Modena, MO, Italy .
    Trache, R.
    Fraunhofer-Institut für Werkstoff- und Strahltechnik (IWS), Winterbergstr. 28, Dresden, Germany .
    Vuoristo, P.c
    Tampere University of Technology, Department of Materials Science, Korkeakoulunkatu 6, Tampere, Finlan.
    Sliding and abrasive wear behaviour of HVOF- and HVAF-sprayed Cr3C2-NiCr hardmetal coatings2016In: Wear, ISSN 0043-1648, E-ISSN 1873-2577, Vol. 358-359, p. 32-50Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper provides a comprehensive characterisation of HVOF- and HVAF-sprayed Cr3C2–25 wt.% NiCr hardmetal coatings. One commercial powder composition with two different particle size distributions was processed using five HVOF and HVAF thermal spray systems.All coatings contain less Cr3C2 than the feedstock powder, possibly due to the rebound of some Cr3C2-rich particles during high-velocity impact onto the substrate.Dry sand-rubber wheel abrasive wear testing causes both grooving and pull-out of splat fragments. Mass losses depend on inter- and intra-lamellar cohesion, being higher (≥70 mg after a wear distance of 5904 m) for the coatings deposited with the coarser feedstock powder or with one type of HVAF torch.Sliding wear at room temperature against alumina involves shallower abrasive grooving, small-scale delamination and carbide pull-outs, and it is controlled by intra-lamellar cohesion. The coatings obtained from the fine feedstock powder exhibit the lowest wear rates (≈5x10−6 mm3/(Nm)). At 400 °C, abrasive grooving dominates the sliding wear behaviour; wear rates increase by one order of magnitude but friction coefficients decrease from ≈0.7 to ≈0.5. The thermal expansion coefficient of the coatings (11.08x10−6 °C−1 in the 30–400 °C range) is sufficiently close to that of the steel substrate (14.23x10−6 °C−1) to avoid macro-cracking

  • 12.
    Bonilla Hernández, Ana Esther
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Research Enviroment Production Technology West.
    Analysis and direct optimization of cutting tool utilization in CAM2015Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The search for increased productivity and cost reduction in machining can be interpreted as the desire to increase the material removal rate, MRR, and maximize the cutting tool utilization. The CNC process is complex and involves numerous limitations and parameters, ranging from tolerances to machinability. A well-managed preparation process creates the foundations for achieving a reduction in manufacturing errors and machining time. Along the preparation process of the NC-program, two different studies have been conducted and are presented in this thesis. One study examined the CAM programming preparation process from the Lean perspective. The other study includes an evaluation of how the cutting tools are used in terms of MRR and tool utilization.

    The material removal rate is defined as the product of three variables, namely the cutting speed, the feed and the depth of cut, which all constitute the cutting data. Tool life is the amount of time that a cutting tool can be used and is mainly dependent on the same variables. Two different combinations of cutting data might provide the same MRR, however the tool life will be different. Thereby the difficulty is to select the cutting data to maximize both MRR and cutting tool utilization. A model for the analysis and efficient selection of cutting data for maximal MRR and maximal tool utilization has been developed and is presented. The presented model shortens the time dedicated to the optimized cutting data selection and the needed iterations along the program development.

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  • 13.
    Bonilla Hernández, Ana Esther
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Research Enviroment Production Technology West.
    On cutting tool resource management2018Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The search for increased productivity and cost reduction in machining can be interpreted as desire to increase the Material Removal Rate, , and maximize the cutting tool utilization. The CNC process is complex and involves numerous constraints and parameters; ranging from tolerances to machinability. A well-managed preparation process creates the foundation for achieving a reduction in manufacturing errors and machining time. Along the preparation process of the NC-program, two different studies have been performed and are presented in this thesis. One study examined the CAM programming process from the Lean perspective. The other study includes an evaluation of how the cutting tools are used in terms of and tool utilization. Two distinct combinations of cutting data might provide the same . However, the tool life and machining cost can be different. Therefore, selection of appropriate cutting parameters that best meet all these objectives is challenging. An algorithm for analysis and efficient selection of cutting data for maximal , maximal tool utilization and minimal machining cost has been developed and is presented in this work. The presented algorithm shortens the time dedicated to the optimized cutting data selection and the needed iterations along the program development. Furthermore, the objectives that need to be considered during the estimation of the manufacturing processes sustainability have been identified. In addition, this thesis also includes a theoretical study to estimate energy use, CO2-footprint and water consumption during the manufacture of a workpiece, which can be invaluable for companies in their search for sustainability of their manufacturing processes.

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  • 14.
    Bonilla Hernández, Ana Esther
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Research Enviroment Production Technology West. GKN Aerospace Engine Systems AB, Flygmotorvagen 1, Trollhattan, 46138, Sweden.
    On how the selection of materials affects sustainability2019In: Procedia Manufacturing, E-ISSN 2351-9789, Vol. 33, p. 625-631Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The selection of the materials for the production of aerospace engine products is directly related to their performance in tough working conditions. However, the extraction of the materials requires high amounts of energy, use water and emit CO2, which can be directly related with environmental sustainability. The abundance of the materials and their sourcing and geographical location can be further related to economic and social sustainability. Manufacturing companies look for different materials and cutting data that will optimize material removal rate, cutting tool utilization, required cutting time, costs, energy used, CO2 footprint, coolants, etc. Here is presented a simple methodology to calculate the sustainability impact of the selection of materials. The study compares a simplified theoretical work piece that is geometrically complex and made of difficult to machine material, e.g. Ti-6Al-4V and MP159. The study shows how to select the optimal material, not only in terms of costs, but also in terms of environmental, societal and economical sustainability. © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

  • 15.
    Bonilla Hernández, Ana Esther
    et al.
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Research Enviroment Production Technology West. GKN Aerospace Engine Systems AB, Trollhättan, Sweden.
    Beno, Tomas
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Subtractive and Additive Manufacturing.
    Fredriksson, Claes
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Industrial Engineering and Management, Electrical- and Mechanical Engineering.
    Energy and Cost Estimation of a Feature-based Machining Operation on HRSA2017In: Procedia CIRP, ISSN 2212-8271, E-ISSN 2212-8271, Vol. 61, no Supplement C, p. 511-516Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Forward-looking manufacturing companies aim for sustainable production with low environmental footprint. This is true also for aerospace engine-makers, although their environmental impact mostly occurs during the use-phase of their products. Materials, such as Nickel alloys, are used for special applications where other materials will not withstand tough working conditions in terms of pressure and temperature. Heat Resistant Super Alloys are, however, considered difficult to machine and cutting tools will wear off rapidly. In this paper, a simple way to estimate the energy required, the cost and environmental footprint to produce a work piece using standard engineering software is presented. The results show that for a hypothetical 3 tonne work piece, Inconel 718 will be considerably cheaper and require less water but will require more energy, and has considerably larger CO2 footprint than Waspaloy.

  • 16.
    Bonilla Hernández, Ana Esther
    et al.
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Research Enviroment Production Technology West.
    Beno, Tomas
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Production Engineering. University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Subtractive and Additive Manufacturing.
    Repo, Jari
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Manufacturing Processes.
    Wretland, Anders
    GKN Aerospace Engine Systems AB, Trollhättan, Sweden.
    Analysis of Tool Utilization from Material Removal Rate Perspective2015In: Procedia CIRP, ISSN 2212-8271, E-ISSN 2212-8271, Vol. 29, p. 109-113Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    An end of life strategy algorithm has been used to study a CNC program to evaluate how the cutting inserts are used in terms of their full utilization. Utilized tool life (UTL) and remaining tool life (RTL) were used to evaluate if the insert has been used to its limits of expected tool life, or contributing to an accumulated tool waste. It is demonstrated that possible means to improvement exists to increase the material removal rate (MRR), thereby using the insert until its remaining tool life is as close to zero as possible. It was frequently found that inserts were used well below their maximum performance with respect to cutting velocity.

  • 17.
    Bonilla Hernández, Ana Esther
    et al.
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Research Enviroment Production Technology West.
    Beno, Tomas
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Manufacturing Processes. University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Subtractive and Additive Manufacturing.
    Repo, Jari
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Manufacturing Processes.
    Wretland, Anders
    GKN Aerospace Engine Systems AB, Trollhättan, Sweden.
    Integrated optimization model for cutting data selection based on maximal MRR and tool utilization in continuous machining operations2016In: CIRP - Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology, ISSN 1755-5817, E-ISSN 1878-0016, Vol. 13, p. 46-50Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The search for increased productivity can be interpreted as the increase of material removal rate (MRR). Namely, increase of feed, depth of cut and/or cutting speed. The increase of any of these three variables, will increase the tool wear rate; therefore decreasing its tool life according to the same tool life criteria. This paper proposes an integrated model for efficient selection of cutting data for maximal MRR and maximal tool utilization. The results show that, it is possible to obtain a limited range of cutting parameters from where the CAM Programmer can select the cutting data assuring both objectives.

  • 18.
    Bonilla Hernández, Ana Esther
    et al.
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Research Enviroment Production Technology West.
    Beno, Tomas
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Manufacturing Processes. University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Subtractive and Additive Manufacturing.
    Repo, Jari
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Manufacturing Processes.
    Wretland, Anders
    GKN Aerospace Engine Systems AB, Trollhättan, Sweden.
    Streamlining the CAM programming process by Lean Principles within the aerospace industryManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 19.
    Bonilla Hernández, Ana Esther
    et al.
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Research Enviroment Production Technology West. GKN Aerospace Engine Systems AB, Flygmotorvagen 1, Trollhattan, 46138, Sweden.
    Lu, Tao
    University of Kentucky, Institute for Sustainable Manufacturing (ISM), Lexington, KY 40506, United States.
    Beno, Tomas
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Subtractive and Additive Manufacturing.
    Fredriksson, Claes
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Subtractive and Additive Manufacturing.
    Jawahir, I. S.
    University of Kentucky, Institute for Sustainable Manufacturing (ISM), Lexington, KY 40506, United States.
    Process sustainability evaluation for manufacturing of a component with the 6R application2019In: Procedia Manufacturing, E-ISSN 2351-9789, Vol. 33, p. 546-553Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Sustainability in manufacturing can be evaluated at product, process and system levels. The 6R methodology for sustainability enhancement in manufacturing processes includes: reduced use of materials, energy, water and other resources; reusing of products/components; recovery and recycling of materials/components; remanufacturing of products; and redesigning of products to utilize recovered materials/resources. Although manufacturing processes can be evaluated by their productivity, quality and cost, process sustainability assessment makes it a complete evaluation. This paper presents a 6R-based evaluation method for sustainable manufacturing in terms of specific metrics within six major metrics clusters: environmental impact, energy consumption, waste management, cost, resource utilization and society/personnel health/operational safety. Manufacturing processes such as casting, welding, turning, milling, drilling, grinding, etc., can be evaluated using this methodology. A case study for machining processes is presented as an example based on the proposed metrics. © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

  • 20.
    Curry, Nicholas
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Research Enviroment Production Technology West.
    Design of Thermal Barrier Coating Systems2012Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Thermal barrier coatings (TBC’s) are used to provide both thermal insulation and oxidation protection to high temperature components within gas turbines. The development of turbines for power generation and aviation has led to designs where the operation conditions exceed the upper limits of most conventional engineering materials. As a result there has been a drive to improve thermal barrier coatings to allow the turbine to operate hotter for longer.

    The focus of this study has been the development of a new generation of TBC system for industrial implementation. The goal for these new coatings was to achieve lower conductivity and longer lifetime than those coatings used today. The route taken to achieve these goals has been twofold. Firstly an alternative stabiliser has been chosen for the zirconium oxide system in the form of dysprosia. Secondly, Control of the powder morphology and spray parameters has been used to generate coating microstructures with favourable levels of porosity.

    Samples have been heavily characterised using the laser flash technique for evaluation of thermal properties. Measurements were performed at room temperature and at intervals up to 1200°C. Samples have also been tested in their as produced state and after heat treatments of up to 200 hours.

    Lifetime evaluation has been performed using the thermo-cyclic fatigue test to expose coating systems to successive cycles of heating and cooling combined with oxidation of the underlying metallic coating.

    Microstructures have been prepared and analysed using SEM. An image analysis routine has been used to attempt to quantify changes in microstructure features between coating types or coating exposure times and to relate those changes to changes in thermal properties

    Results show that dysprosia as an alternative dopant gives a reduction in thermal conductivity. While small at room temperature and in the as produced state; the influence becomes more pronounced at high temperatures and with thermal exposure time. Overall, the greatest sustained influence on thermal conductivity has been from creating coatings with high levels of porosity.

    In relation to lifetime, the target of double the thermo-cyclic fatigue life was achieved using a coating with engineered porosity. Introducing a polymer to the spray powder helps to generate large globular pores within the coating together with a large number of delaminations. Such a structure has shown to be highly resistant to TCF testing.

  • 21.
    Curry, Nicholas
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Research Enviroment Production Technology West.
    Design of Thermal Barrier Coatings2014Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Thermal barrier coatings (TBC’s) are used to provide both thermal insulation and oxidation protection to high temperature components within gas turbines. The development of turbines for power generation and aviation has led to designs where the operation conditions exceed the upper limits of most conventional engineering materials. As a result there has been a drive to improve thermal barrier coatings to allow the turbine to operate at higher temperatures for longer.

    The focus of this thesis has been to design thermal barrier coatings with lower conductivity and longer lifetime than those coatings used in industry today. The work has been divided between the development of new generation air plasma spray (APS) TBC coatings for industrial gas turbines and the development of suspension plasma spray (SPS) TBC systems.

    The route taken to achieve these goals with APS TBC’s has been twofold. Firstly an alternative stabiliser has been chosen for the zirconium oxide system in the form of dysprosia. Secondly, control of the powder morphology and spray parameters has been used to generate coating microstructures with favourable levels of porosity.

    In terms of development of SPS TBC systems, these coatings are relatively new with many of the critical coating parameters not yet known. The focus of the work has therefore been to characterise their lifetime and thermal properties when produced in a complete TBC system.

    Results demonstrate that dysprosia as an alternative stabiliser gives a reduction in thermal conductivity. While small at room temperature and in the as produced state; the influence becomes more pronounced at high temperatures and with longer thermal exposure time. The trade-off for this lowered thermal conductivity may be in the loss of high temperature stability. Overall, the greatest sustained influence on thermal conductivity has been from creating coatings with high levelsof porosity.

    In relation to lifetime, double the thermo-cyclic fatigue (TCF) life relative to the industrial standard was achieved using a coating with engineered porosity. Introducing a polymer to the spray powder helps to generate large globular pores within the coating together with a large number of delaminations. Such a structure was shown to be highly resistant to TCF testing.

    SPS TBC’s were shown to have much greater performance relative to their APS counterparts in thermal shock life, TCF life and thermal conductivity. Columnar SPS coatings are a prospective alternative for strain tolerant coatings in gas turbine engines.

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  • 22.
    Curry, Nicholas
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Mechanical Engineering. University West, Department of Engineering Science, Research Enviroment Production Technology West. Treibacher AG, Austria.
    Feedstock for SPS and SPPS: Properties and Processing2016Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 23.
    Curry, Nicholas
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Research Enviroment Production Technology West.
    Suspension plasma spray: how suspension properties and spray parameters influence coating possibilities2016Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 24.
    Curry, Nicholas
    et al.
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Production Engineering. University West, Department of Engineering Science, Research Enviroment Production Technology West.
    Markocsan, Nicolaie
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Production Engineering.
    Li, Xin-Hai
    Tricoire, Aurelien
    Dorfman, Mitchell
    Next Generation Thermal Barrier Coatings for the Gas Turbine Industry2010In: Proceedings of the Thermal Spray: Global Solutions for Future Application (ITSC 2010) Conference: Singapore, May 3-5, 2010, 2010, p. 716-722Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 25.
    Devotta, Ashwin
    et al.
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Research Enviroment Production Technology West.
    Beno, Tomas
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Manufacturing Processes. University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Subtractive and Additive Manufacturing.
    Löf, Ronnie
    Sandvik Coromant AB, Sandviken, Sweden.
    FE Modelling and Characterization of Chip Curl in Nose Turning processIn: International Journal of Machining and Machinability of Materials, ISSN 1748-572XArticle in journal (Refereed)
  • 26.
    Devotta, Ashwin Moris
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Research Enviroment Production Technology West.
    Characterization & modeling of chip flow angle & morphology in 2D & 3D turning process2015Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Within manufacturing of metallic components, machining plays an important role and is of vital significance to ensure process reliability. From a cutting tool design perspective,  tool macro geometry  design  based on physics based  numerical modelling  is highly needed  that can predict chip morphology.  The chip morphology describes the chip shape geometry and the chip curl geometry. The prediction of chip flow and chip shape is vital in predicting chip breakage, ensuring good chip evacuation and lower surface roughness.  To this end, a platform where such a  numerical model’s chip morphology prediction  can be compared with experimental investigation is needed and is the focus of this work. The studied cutting processes are orthogonal cutting process and nose turning process. Numerical models that simulate the chip formation process are employed to predict the chip morphology and are accompanied by machining experiments. Computed tomography is used  to scan the chips obtained from machining experiments and its ability to capture the variation in  chip morphology  is evaluated.  For nose turning process,  chip  curl parameters during the cutting process are to be calculated. Kharkevich model is utilized in this regard to calculate the  ‘chip in process’ chip curl parameters. High speed videography is used to measure the chip side flow angle during the cutting process experiments and are directly compared to physics based model predictions. The results show that the methodology developed provides  the framework where advances in numerical models can be evaluated reliably from a chip morphology prediction capability view point for nose turning process. The numerical modeling results show that the chip morphology variation for varying cutting conditions is predicted qualitatively. The results of quantitative evaluation of chip morphology prediction shows that the error in prediction is too large to be used for predictive modelling purposes.

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  • 27.
    Devotta, Ashwin Moris
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Research Enviroment Production Technology West.
    Improved finite element modelingfor chip morphology prediction inmachining of C45E steel2020Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Within the manufacturing of metallic components, machining plays an important role and is of vital significance to ensure process reliability. From a cutting tool design perspective, physics-based numerical modeling that can predict chip morphology is highly necessary to design tool macro geometry. The chip morphology describes the chip shape geometry and the chip curl geometry. Improved chip morphology prediction increases process reliability by improved chip breakability and effective chip evacuation.

    To this end, in this work, a platform is developed to compare a numerical model'schip morphology prediction with experimental results. The investigated cuttingprocesses are orthogonal cutting process and nose turning process. Numerical models that simulate the chip formation process are used to predict the chip morphology accompanied by machining experiments. Computed tomography isused to scan the chips obtained from machining experiments evaluating its ability to capture the chip morphology variation. For the nose turning process, chip curl parameters need to be calculated during the cutting process. Kharkevich model is utilized in this regard for calculating the 'chip in process' chip curl parameters. High-speed videography is used to measure the chip side-flow angle during thecutting process experiments enabling comparison with physics-based model predictions.

    With regards to chip shape predictability, the numerical models that simulate the chip formation process are improved by improving the flow stress models and evaluating advanced damage models. The workpiece material, C45E steel, arecharacterized using Gleeble thermo-mechanical simulator. The obtained flow stress is modeled using phenomenological flow stress models. Existing phenomenological flow stress models are modified to improve their accuracy. The fracture initiation strain component of damage models' influence on the prediction of transition from continuous chip to segmented chip is studied. The flow stress models and the damage models are implemented in the numerical models through FORTRAN subroutines. The prediction of continuous to segmented chip transitions are evaluated for varying rake angles and feed rate ata constant cutting velocity.

    The results from the numerical model evaluation platform show that the methodology provides the framework where an advance in numerical models is evaluated reliably from a 'chip morphology prediction capability' viewpoint forthe nose turning process. The numerical modeling results show that the chip curl variation for varying cutting conditions is predicted qualitatively. The flow stress curves obtained through Gleeble thermo-mechanical simulator show dynamic strain aging presence in specific temperature -strain rate ranges. The results of the phenomenological model modification show their ability to incorporate the dynamic strain aging influence. The modified phenomenological model improvesthe accuracy of the numerical models' prediction accuracy. The flow stress models combined with advanced damage model can predict the transition from continuous to segmented chip. Within damage model, the fracture initiation strain component is observed to influence the continuous chip to segmented chip transition and chip segmentation intensity for varying rake angle and feed rate and at a constant cutting velocity.

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  • 28.
    Devotta, Ashwin Moris
    et al.
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Research Enviroment Production Technology West.
    Beno, Tomas
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Manufacturing Processes.
    Characterization of Chip Morphology in Oblique Nose Turning employing High Speed Videography and Computed Tomography Technique2016In: Proceedings International Conference on competitive Manufacturing: 27 January - 29 January 2016 Stellenbosch, South Africa organised By The department Of Industrial Engineering Stellenbosch University / [ed] Dimiter Dimitrov & Gert Adriaan Oosthuize, Department of Industrial Engineering Stellenbosch University , 2016, p. 249-254Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Simulation of industrial cutting processes employing physics based numerical models provide valuable insights into its deformation mechanics. Evaluating such models through chip studies require characterizing complex geometric features like chip shape, and chip curl. In this study, a characterization methodology is developed employing tools like computed tomography (CT) and high speed imaging. The methodology is used to characterize chip curl parameters such as chipside flow angle, chip up curl and chip side curl in oblique nose turning process. To evaluate the methodology, AISI 1045 steel is machined over a range of machining parameters and the chips obtained are characterized. The study shows that the employed methodology can be used to characterize varying chip curl geometries in nose turning process. CT technique is additionally employed when the chips are significantly deformed. The study also shows that the developed characterization methodology could be used to evaluate physics based numerical models.

  • 29.
    Devotta, Ashwin Moris
    et al.
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Research Enviroment Production Technology West. R&D Turning, Sandvik Coromant, Sandviken.
    Beno, Tomas
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Subtractive and Additive Manufacturing.
    Löf, Ronnie
    R&D Turning, Sandvik Coromant, Sandviken.
    Finite element modelling and characterisation of chip curl in nose turning process2017In: International Journal of Machining and Machinability of Materials, E-ISSN 1748-572X, Vol. 19, no 3, p. 277-295Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Finite element (FE) modelling of machining provide valuable insights into its deformation mechanics. Evaluating an FE model predicted chip morphology requires characterisation of chip shape, chip curl and chip flow angles. In this study, a chip morphology characterisation methodology is developed using computed tomography (CT), high-speed imaging and Kharkevich model equations enabling evaluation of FE model’s chip morphology prediction accuracy. Chip formation process in nose turning of AISI 1045 steel is simulated using a 3D FE model for varying feed rate and depth of cut and evaluated against experimental investigations using the employed methodology. The study shows that the methodology is able to characterise chip morphology in nose turning process accurately and enables evaluation of FE model’s chip morphology prediction accuracy. This can enable the finite element model to be deployed in cutting tool design for chip breaker geometry design.

  • 30.
    Devotta, Ashwin Moris
    et al.
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Research Enviroment Production Technology West.
    Beno, Tomas
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Manufacturing Processes.
    Löf, Ronnie
    Sandvik Coromant AB, Sandviken, Sweden.
    Modeling of Chip curl in Orthogonal Turning using Spiral Galaxy describing Function2016In: Proceedings International Conference on competitive Manufacturing: 27 January - 29 January 2016 Stellenbosch, South Africa organised By The department Of Industrial Engineering Stellenbosch University / [ed] Dimiter Dimitrov & Gert Adriaan Oosthuizen, Global Competitiveness Centre in Engineering Department of Industrial Engineering Stellenbosch University , 2016, p. 33-38Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    With advances in modeling of machining process, a methodology for quantitative evaluation of the chip curl shape in orthogonal turning process is highly desired. To achieve this, a function to fit the varying chip curl was required. A mathematical function which is used to describe spiral galaxies is employed in this work which is able to accurately model wide variety of chip curl shapes. The function is employed to compare the chip curl predicted by numerical models with experimental investigations and it should be able to capture the variation of chip curl for varying cutting conditions ranging from tightly wound springs to comma shapes and the transition between them. This provides insights into the evaluation of cutting models from a practical view point. Finite element simulations were performed to predict the chip shape for varying tool rake angles and feed rates in orthogonal cutting process. The results show that the mathematical function was capable to model the wide variety of chip curl shapes encountered in orthogonal turning process.The chip curl predicted by the simulations show that numerical simulations need advanced models to depict work piece material behaviour, heat transfer behaviour and friction behaviour to predict the variation in chip curl shapes accurately for an orthogonal turning process.

  • 31.
    Devotta, Ashwin Moris
    et al.
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Research Enviroment Production Technology West. Sandvik Coromant AB, Sandviken, Sweden.
    Beno, Tomas
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Production Engineering. University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Subtractive and Additive Manufacturing.
    Löf, Ronnie
    Sandvik Coromant AB, Sandviken, Sweden.
    Espes, Emil
    Sandvik Coromant AB, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Quantitative Characterization of Chip Morphology Using Computed Tomography in Orthogonal Turning Process2015In: Procedia CIRP, ISSN 2212-8271, E-ISSN 2212-8271, Vol. 33, p. 299-304Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Abstract The simulation of machining process has been an area of active research for over two decades. To fully incorporate finite element (FE) simulations as a state of art tool design aid, there is a need for higher accuracy methodology. An area of improvement is the prediction of chip shape in FE simulations. Characterization of chip shape is therefore a necessity to validate the FE simulations with experimental investigations. The aim of this paper is to present an investigation where computed tomography (CT) is used for the characterization of the chip shape obtained from 2D orthogonal turning experiments. In this work, the CT method has been used for obtaining the full 3D representation of a machined chip. The CT method is highly advantageous for the complex curled chip shapes besides its ability to capture microscopic features on the chip like lamellae structure and surface roughness. This new methodology aids in the validation of several key parameters representing chip shape. The chip morphology’s 3D representation is obtained with the necessary accuracy which provides the ability to use chip curl as a practical validation tool for FE simulation of chip formation in practical machining operations. The study clearly states the ability of the new CT methodology to be used as a tool for the characterization of chip morphology in chip formation studies and industrial applications.

  • 32.
    Devotta, Ashwin Moris
    et al.
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Research Enviroment Production Technology West. Sandvik Coromant AB, Sandviken (SWE).
    Beno, Tomas
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Subtractive and Additive Manufacturing.
    Siriki, Ravendra
    Sandvik Materials Technology, Sandviken (SWE).
    Löf, Ronnie
    Sandvik Coromant AB, Sandviken (SWE).
    Eynian, Mahdi
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Subtractive and Additive Manufacturing.
    Finite Element Modeling and Validation of Chip Segmentation in Machining of AISI 1045 Steel2017In: Procedia CIRP, ISSN 2212-8271, E-ISSN 2212-8271, Vol. 58, p. 499-504Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The finite element (FE) method based modeling of chip formation in machining provides the ability to predict output parameters like cutting forces and chip geometry. One of the important characteristics of chip morphology is chip segmentation. Majority of the literature within chip segmentation show cutting speed (vc) and feed rate (f) as the most influencing input parameters. The role of tool rake angle (α) on chip segmentation is limited and hence, the present study is aimed at understanding it. In addition, stress triaxiality’s importance in damage model employed in FE method in capturing the influence of α on chip morphology transformation is also studied. Furthermore, microstructure characterization of chips was carried out using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to understand the chip formation process for certain cutting conditions. The results show that the tool α influences chip segmentation phenomena and that the incorporation of a stress triaxiality factor in damage models is required to be able to predict the influence of the α. The variation of chip segmentation frequency with f is predicted qualitatively but the accuracy of prediction needs improvement. © 2017 The Authors.

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  • 33.
    Devotta, Ashwin Moris
    et al.
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Research Enviroment Production Technology West. R&D Turning, Sandvik Coromant AB, Sandviken, 811 81, Sweden.
    Sivaprasad, Palla Venkata
    R&D, Sandvik Materials Technology AB, Sandviken, 811 81, Sweden.
    Beno, Tomas
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Subtractive and Additive Manufacturing.
    Eynian, Mahdi
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Subtractive and Additive Manufacturing.
    Hurtig, Kjell
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Welding Technology.
    Magnevall, Martin
    R&D, Sandvik Coromant AB, 811 81 Sandviken, Sweden; Blekinge Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, SE-371 41 Karlskrona, Sweden .
    Lundblad, Mikael
    R&D, Sandvik Coromant AB, 811 81 Sandviken, Sweden.
    A modified Johnson-Cook model for ferritic-pearlitic steel in dynamic strain aging regime2019In: Metals, ISSN 2075-4701, Vol. 9, no 5, article id 528Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this study, the flow stress behavior of ferritic-pearlitic steel (C45E steel) is investigated through isothermal compression testing at different strain rates (1 s-1, 5 s-1, and 60 s-1) and temperatures ranging from 200 to 700 °C. The stress-strain curves obtained from experimental testing were post-processed to obtain true stress-true plastic strain curves. To fit the experimental data to well-known material models, Johnson-Cook (J-C) model was investigated and found to have a poor fit. Analysis of the flow stress as a function of temperature and strain rate showed that among other deformation mechanisms dynamic strain aging mechanism was active between the temperature range 200 and 400 °C for varying strain rates and J-C model is unable to capture this phenomenon. This lead to the need to modify the J-C model for the material under investigation. Therefore, the original J-C model parameters A, B and n are modified using the polynomial equation to capture its dependence on temperature and strain rate. The results show the ability of the modified J-C model to describe the flow behavior satisfactorily while dynamic strain aging was operative. © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

  • 34.
    Eklund, Johan
    et al.
    Chalmers University of Technology, Energy and Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Göteborg, 412 96, Sweden.
    Phother, J.
    Chalmers University of Technology, Energy and Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Göteborg, 412 96, Sweden.
    Sadeghi, Esmaeil
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Subtractive and Additive Manufacturing.
    Joshi, Shrikant V.
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Research Enviroment Production Technology West.
    Liske, Jesper
    Chalmers University of Technology, Energy and Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Göteborg, 412 96, Sweden.
    High-Temperature Corrosion of HVAF-Sprayed Ni-Based Coatings for Boiler Applications2019In: Oxidation of Metals, ISSN 0030-770X, E-ISSN 1573-4889, Vol. 91, no 5-6, p. 729-747Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The present study investigates the initial corrosion behaviour of HVAF-sprayed NiCr, NiAl and NiCrAlY coatings in two different environments, O 2 + H 2 O and O 2 + H 2 O + KCl at 600 °C for up to 168 h in order to evaluate the possibility of utilizing such coatings in biomass- and waste-fired boilers. SEM/EDX analysis showed that all coatings displayed a protective behaviour in O 2 + H 2 O. Upon addition of KCl (O 2 + H 2 O + KCl), the corrosion behaviour of the NiCr coating drastically changed as it formed a thick oxide layer and displayed major chlorine diffusion down to the substrate. The NiCrAlY coating displayed a significantly better corrosion resistance with only minor oxide formation. The NiAl coating exhibited a protective behaviour similar to when exposed in the absence of KCl indicating that a thin protective oxide has formed on the coating surface. The performance of the NiAl and NiCrAlY coatings is promising for future studies with long-term exposures in more corrosive environments such as in a biomass- and waste-fired boiler. © 2019, The Author(s).

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  • 35.
    Ericson Öberg, Anna
    et al.
    Chalmers, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Åstrand, Erik
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Research Enviroment Production Technology West. Volvo Construct Equipment, Braås, Sweden.
    Improved productivity by reduced variation in gas metal arc welding (GMAW)2017In: The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, ISSN 0268-3768, E-ISSN 1433-3015, Vol. 92, no 1-4, p. 1027-1038Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of the research conducted is to describe the consequences of variation in the welding industry and the effect it has on manufacturing productivity. The potential has shown to be hidden in unnecessarily stringent requirements and over-processing. This has been studied in steps: customer requirements, design and analysis, preparation, welding, and assessment. The effect of variation in each step has been analyzed including estimations of its productivity improvement potential. Theoretically, in a perfect situation, with customized requirements and eliminated variation, more than half of all welding could be removed. Such a reduction is certainly neither practical nor possible. However, a sensible, controlled reduction could still have a very high impact. The financial implications are therefore substantial. The improved productivity of the manufacturing resources could be used for business development and increased production. To be able to realize the potential, interdisciplinary efforts are necessary. Management across different functions need to agree on the intended product life and make decisions thereafter.

  • 36.
    Ericsson, Mikael
    et al.
    University West, Department of Technology, Mathematics and Computer Science, Division for Mechanical Engineering.
    Bolmsjö, Gunnar
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Automation Systems.
    Nylén, Per
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Research Enviroment Production Technology West.
    Three-dimensional simulation of robot path and heat transfer of a TIG-welded part with complex geometry2002In: 11th International Conferences on Computer Technology in Welding: Colombus, Ohio December 6-7, 2001, 2002, p. 309-316Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The application of commercial software (OLP) packages for robot simulation, and programming, use interactive computer graphics, provide powerful tools for creating welding paths off-line. By the use of such software, problems of robot reach, accessibility, collision and timing can be eliminated during the planning stage. This paper describes how such software can be integrated with a numerical model that predicts temperature-time histories in the solid material. The objective of this integration is to develop a tool for the engineer where robot trajectories and process parameters can be optimized on parts with complex geometry. Such a tool would decrease the number of weld trials, increase productivity and reduce costs. Assumptions and principles behind the modeling techniques are presented together with experimental evaluation of the correlation between modeled and measured temperatures.

  • 37.
    Fahlström, Karl
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Research Enviroment Production Technology West.
    Laser welding of boron steels for light-weight vehicle applications2015Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Laser beam welding has gained a significant interest during the last two decades. The suitability of the process for high volume production has the possibility to give a strong advantage compared to several other welding methods. However, it is important to have the process in full control since various quality issues may otherwise occur. During laser welding of boron steels quality issues such as imperfections, changes in local and global geometry as well as strength reduction can occur. The aspects that need to be considered are strongly depending on alloy content, process parameters etc. These problems that can occur could be fatal for the construction and the lowest level of occurrence is wanted, independent of industry.

    The focus of this study has been to investigate the properties of laser welded boron steel. The study includes laser welding of boron alloyed steels with strengths of 1500 MPa and a recently introduced 1900 MPa grade. Focus has been to investigate weldability and the occurrence of cracks, porosity and strength reducing microstructure that can occur during laser welding, as well as distortion studies for tolerances in geometry. The results show that both conventional and 1900 MPa boron alloyed steel are suitable for laser welding.

    Due to the martensitic structure of welds the material tends to behave brittle. Cracking and porosity do not seem to be an issue limiting the use of these steels. For tolerances in geometry for larger structures tests has been done simulating laser welding of A-pillars and B-pillars. Measurements have been done with Vernier caliper as well as a more advanced optical method capturing the movements during the welding sequence. Results from the tests done on Ushaped beams indicates that depending on the geometry of the structure and heat input distortions can be controlled to give distortions from 1 to 8 mm, at a welding length of 700 mm. This means that important geometry points can be distorted several millimeters if the laser welding process not is controlled.

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  • 38.
    Fahlström, Karl
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Research Enviroment Production Technology West.
    Laser welding of ultra-high strength steel and a cast magnesium alloy for light-weight design2019Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    There is a strong industrial need for developing robust and flexible manufacturing methods for future light-weight design. Better performing, environmental friendly vehicles will gain competitive strength from using light weight structures. In this study, focus has been on laser welding induced distortions for ultra-high strength steel (UHSS) where trials were performed on single hat and double hat beams simulating A-pillar and B-pillar structures. Furthermore, also laser welding induced porosity in cast magnesium alloy AM50 for interior parts were studied. For UHSS, conventional laser welding was done in a fixture designed for research. For cast magnesium, single-spot and twin-spot welding were done. Measurements of final distortions and metallographic investigations have been performed. The results show that the total weld metal volume or the total energy input were good measures for predicting the distortions within one steel grade. For comparing different steel grades, the width of the hard zone should be used. The relation between the width of the hard zone, corresponding to the martensitic area of the weld, and the distortions is almost linear. Additionally, compared with continuous welds, stitching reduced the distortions. For cast magnesium, two-pass (repeated parameters) welding with single-spot gave the lowest porosity of approximately 3%. However, two-pass welding is not considered production friendly. Twin-spot welding was done, where the first beam provided time for nucleation and some growth of pores while reheating by the second beam should provide time for pores to grow and escape. This gave a porosity of around 5%. Distortions and porosity are the main quality problems that occur while laser welding UHSS and cast magnesium, respectively. Low energy input seems to generally minimize quality issues. Laser welding shows high potential regarding weld quality and other general aspects such as productivity in light-weight design for both high strength steel and cast magnesium.

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  • 39.
    Fahlström, Karl
    et al.
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Research Enviroment Production Technology West. Swerea KIMAB in Kista.
    Andersson, O.
    Volvo Cars in Torslanda & KTH in Stockholm, Sweden.
    Melander, A.
    Swerea KIMAB in Kista, Sweden.
    Karlsson, Leif
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Welding Technology.
    Svensson, Lars-Erik
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Welding Technology.
    Correlation between laser welding sequence and distortions for thin sheet structures2017In: Science and technology of welding and joining, ISSN 1362-1718, E-ISSN 1743-2936, Vol. 22, no 2, p. 150-156Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Thin ultra-high strength steel shaped as 700 mm long U-beams have been laser welded in overlap configuration to study the influence of welding sequence on distortions. Three different welding directions, three different energy inputs as well as stitch welding have been evaluated, using resistance spot welding (RSW) as a reference. Transverse widening at the ends and narrowing at the centre of the beam were measured. A clear correlation was found between the weld metal volume and distortion. For continuous welds there was also a nearly linear relationship between the energy input and distortion. However, the amount of distortion was not affected by a change in welding direction. Stitching and RSW reduced distortion significantly compared to continuous laser welding.

  • 40.
    Fahlström, Karl
    et al.
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Research Enviroment Production Technology West. University West, Department of Engineering Science, Research Environment Production Technology West.
    Andersson, Oscar
    Volvo Cars, Torslanda, Sweden.
    Karlsson, Leif
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Research Enviroment Production Technology West.
    Svensson, Lars-Erik
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Production Engineering. University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Welding Technology.
    Metallurgical effects and distortions in laser welding of thin sheet steels with variations in strength2017In: Science and technology of welding and joining, ISSN 1362-1718, E-ISSN 1743-2936, Vol. 22, no 7, p. 573-579Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Geometrical distortions occur while welding, but the understanding of how and why they occur and how to control them is limited. The relation between the weld width, weld metal volume, total energy input, width of hard zone and distortions when laser welding three different thin sheet steels with varying strength has therefore been studied. Weld metal volume and total energy input show a good correlation with distortion for one steel at a time. The best correlation with the when including all three steel grades was the width of the hard zone composed of weld metal and the martensitic area in the heat affected zone. © 2017 Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining. Published by Taylor & Francis on behalf of the Institute.

  • 41.
    Fahlström, Karl
    et al.
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Research Enviroment Production Technology West. Joining Technology, Swerea KIMAB, Kista 164 40, Sweden .
    Andersson, Oscar
    Volvo Cars, Torslanda 418 78, Sweden and XPRES, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 100 44, Sweden.
    Todal, Urban
    Volvo Cars, Torslanda 418 78, Sweden.
    Melander, Arne
    Joining Technology, Swerea KIMAB, Kista 164 40, Sweden and XPRES, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 100 44, Sweden.
    Minimization of distortions during laser welding of ultra high strength steel2015In: Journal of laser applications, ISSN 1042-346X, E-ISSN 1938-1387, Vol. 27, no 2, SI, article id S29011Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Ultra high strength steels are frequently used within the automotive industry for several components. Welding of these components is traditionally done by resistance spot welding, but to get further productivity and increased strength, laser welding has been introduced in the past decades. Fusion welding is known to cause distortions due to built in stresses in the material. The distortions result in geometrical issues during assembly which become the origin of low joint quality due to gaps and misfits. U-beam structures of boron steel simulating B-pillars have been welded with laser along the flanges. Welding parameters and clamping have been varied to create different welding sequences and heat input generating a range of distortion levels. The distortions have been recorded dynamically with an optical measurement system during welding. In addition, final distortions have been measured by a digital Vernier caliper. The combined measurements give the possibility to evaluate development, occurrence, and magnitude of distortions with high accuracy. Furthermore, section cuts have been analyzed to assess joint geometry and metallurgy. The results show that final distortions appear in the range of 0-8 mm. Distortions occur mainly transversely and vertically along the profile. Variations in heat input show clear correlation with the magnitude of distortions and level of joint quality. A higher heat input in general generates a higher level of distortion with the same clamping conditions. Section cuts show that weld width and penetration are significantly affected by welding heat input. The present study identifies parameters which significantly influence the magnitude and distribution of distortions. Also, effective measures to minimize distortions and maintain or improve joint quality have been proposed. Finally, transient finite element (FE) simulations have been presented which show the behavior of the profiles during the welding and unclamping process. (C) 2015 Laser Institute of America.

  • 42.
    Fahlström, Karl
    et al.
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Research Enviroment Production Technology West. Swerea KIMAB, Joining Technology, Kista, Sweden .
    Andersson, Oscar
    Volvo Cars, Torslanda; XPRES, KTH Royal Institute of Technology.
    Todal, Urban
    Volvo Cars, Torslanda.
    Melander, Arne
    Swerea KIMAB, Joining Technology, Kista; XPRES, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm.
    Minimization of distortions during laser welding of ultra-high strength steel2014In: ICALEO 2014 Congress proceedings, 2014, p. 1-10Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Ultra high strength steels are frequently used within the automotive industry for several components. Welding of these components is traditionally done by resistance spot welding, but to get further productivity and increased strength, laser welding has been introduced in the past decades. Fusion welding is known to cause distortions due to built-in stresses in the material. The distortions result in geometrical issues during assembly which become the origin of low joint quality due to gaps and misfits.

    U-beam structures of boron steel simulating B-pillars have been welded with laser along the flanges. Welding parameters and clamping have been varied to create different welding sequences and heat input generating a range of distortion levels. The distortions have been recorded dynamically with an optical measurement system during welding. In addition, final distortions have been measured by a digital Vernier caliper. The combined measurements give the possibility to evaluate development, occurrence and magnitude of distortions with high accuracy. Furthermore, section cuts have been analyzed to assess joint geometry and metallurgy.

    The results shows that final distortions appear in the range of 0-8 mm. Distortions occur mainly transversely and vertically along the profile. Variations in heat input show clear correlation with the magnitude of distortions and level of joint quality. A higher heat input in general generates a higher level of distortion with the same clamping conditions. Section cuts show that weld width and penetration are significantly affected by welding heat input.

    The present study identifies parameters which significantly influence the magnitude and distribution of distortions. Also, effective measures to minimize distortions and maintain or improve joint quality have been proposed.

    Finally, transient FE simulations have been presented which show the behavior of the profiles during the welding and unclamping process.

  • 43.
    Fahlström, Karl
    et al.
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Research Enviroment Production Technology West. Swerea KIMAB, Kista, University West, Sweden.
    Blackburn, Jon
    The Welding Institute, Great Britain.
    Karlsson, Leif
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Welding Technology.
    Svensson, Lars-Erik
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Welding Technology.
    Effect of Laser Welding Parameters on Porosity of Weldsin Cast Magnesium Alloy AM502018In: Modern Approaches on Material Science, ISSN 2641-6921, Vol. 1, no 2, p. 25-32Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Pores in the weld metal lower the mechanical properties of the weld. It is therefore important to understand the pore formation mechanisms and find procedures that could reduce porosity. This study focused on laser welding of 3 mm thick magnesium alloy AM50, investigating how different parameters affect porosity formation. Low levels of porosity content were achieved by either increasing the welding speed or using a two-pass welding approach. It was found that higher welding speeds did not allow pores,which were pre-existing from the die-casting process, to have sufficient time to coalesce and expand. In the two-pass welding technique, pores were removed as a result of a degassing process which occurred through the second pass.

  • 44.
    Fahlström, Karl
    et al.
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Research Enviroment Production Technology West. Swerea KIMAB, Kista, Sweden.
    Blackburn, Jon
    TWI Ltd., Cambridge, UK.
    Karlsson, Leif
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Welding Technology.
    Svensson, Lars-Erik
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Welding Technology.
    Low Porosity in Cast Magnesium Welds by Advanced Laser Twin-Spot Welding2019In: Materials Sciences and Applications, ISSN 2153-117X, E-ISSN 2153-1188, Vol. 10, no 1, p. 53-64Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Porosity is reported to be a major issue when welding cast magnesium. Therefore, it is important to understand the pore formation mechanisms and find procedures that could be used to reduce porosity. This study investigated the possibility of using twin-spot optics for reducing the porosity in laser welded cast magnesium. Two twin-spot welding setups were compared using either a beam splitter or twin-spot welding with primary and secondary (placed in front of the primary optic) optics. The results showed that welding with a dual optic setup with a defocused secondary beam reduced the volumetric porosity in the weld to 5%. The highest levels of volumetric porosity were 30%, and were a result of using the dual optic setup, but with a defocused primary beam. No clear relation between the level of porosity and power or welding speed was found. It was found that the amount of porosity depended on the balance of the energy input (controlled by defocusing) between the two beams. Porosity formation can be reduced if the energy from the first beam results in the nucleation and initial growth of pores. Reheating by the second beam then allows the pores to grow and escape from the molten material without melting additional base material. Furthermore, twin-spot welding is shown to be a promising combination of a production friendly solution and high quality welding.

  • 45.
    Fahlström, Karl
    et al.
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Research Enviroment Production Technology West.
    Persson, Kjell-Arne
    Swerea KIMAB, Joining Technology, Kista 164 40, Sweden.
    Larsson, Johnny K.
    Volvo Cars, Torslanda 405 31, Sweden.
    Vila Ferrer, Elisenda
    Gestamp, Barcelona 08635, Spain.
    Evaluation of laser weldability of 1800 and 1900 MPa boron steels2016In: Journal of laser applications, ISSN 1042-346X, E-ISSN 1938-1387, Vol. 28, no 2, article id 022426Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Ultrahigh strength steels are frequently used within the automotive industry. The driving force for use of these materials is to exchange thicker gauges to thinner and lighter structures. To get excellent strength and beneficial crash performance, the steel is microalloyed with boron which contributes to the 1500 MPa tensile strength. Increasing the carbon content will give superior tensile strength up to 2000 MPa. Welding of these components is traditionally done by resistance spot welding, but to get further productivity and increased stiffness of the structure, laser welding can be introduced. Welding of boron alloyed high strength steel is in general a stable and controlled process, but if increasing the carbon content quality issues such as cracking could possibly be a problem. In the present study, weldability of two different hardened boron steels with tensile strengths of 1800 and 1900 MPa, respectively, has been evaluated. Laser welding has been done in a lap joint configuration with 3.8–4.7 kW and varying welding speed between 3.5 and 5.5 m/min. As reference, results from more conventional 1500 MPa boron steel have been compared to 1800 and 1900 MPa boron steels to show the influence of the carbon content. Metallographic investigation, hot crack test, cold crack test, shear tensile, and cross-tension strength tests have been done. The results show that a weld quality similar to that for conventional boron steel can be achieved. Cracking and other defects can be avoided. As expected when welding martensitic steels, the failure mode in tensile testing is brittle. No weld defects have been found that influence strength. The sheet interface weld width, which together with stack-up thickness correlates with strength of the joint, could be increased by increasing the heat input and defocusing the laser beam. The effect of increased carbon content on weldability will be discussed more in detail, as well as the risk of cracking

  • 46.
    Ganvir, Ashish
    et al.
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Subtractive and Additive Manufacturing.
    Björklund, Stefan
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Subtractive and Additive Manufacturing.
    Yao, Yiming
    Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden.
    Vadali, Srikanth V.S.S.
    University of Hyderabad, School of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Hyderabad, 500046, India.
    Klement, Uta
    Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden.
    Joshi, Shrikant V.
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Research Enviroment Production Technology West.
    A facile approach to deposit graphenaceous composite coatings by suspension plasma spraying2019In: Coatings, ISSN 2079-6412, Vol. 9, no 3, article id 171Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper demonstrates, for the first time ever, the deposition of graphenaceous composite coatings using an easy, yet robust, suspension plasma spraying (SPS) process. As a case study, a composite coating comprising 8 wt.% of yttria-stabilized-zirconia (8YSZ) and reinforced with graphene oxide (GO) was deposited on a steel substrate. The coatings were sprayed using an 8YSZ-GO mixed suspension with varied plasma spray parameters. Establishing the possibility of retaining the graphene in a ceramic matrix using SPS was of specific interest. Electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the presence of graphenaceous material distributed throughout the coating in the 8YSZ matrix. The experimental results discussed in this work confirm that SPS is an immensely attractive pathway to incorporate a graphenaceous material into virtually any matrix material and can potentially have major implications in enabling the deposition of large-area graphene-containing coatings for diverse functional applications. © 2019 by the authors.

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  • 47.
    Ganvir, Ashish
    et al.
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Manufacturing Processes.
    Curry, Nicholas
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Mechanical Engineering.
    Markocsan, Nicolaie
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Production Engineering.
    Nylén, Per
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Production Engineering.
    Joshi, Shrikant
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Research Enviroment Production Technology West.
    Vilemova, Monika
    IPP.
    Pala, Zdenek
    IPP.
    Influence of Microstructure on Thermal Properties of Axial Suspension Plasma-Sprayed YSZ Thermal Barrier Coatings2016In: Journal of thermal spray technology (Print), ISSN 1059-9630, E-ISSN 1544-1016, Vol. 25, no 1-2, p. 202-212Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Suspension plasma spraying is a relatively new thermal spaying technique to produce advanced thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) and enables production of coatings with a variety of structures—highly dense, highly porous, segmented, or columnar. This work investigates suspension plasma-sprayed TBCs produced using axial injection with different process parameters. The influence of coating microstructure on thermal properties was of specific interest. Tests carried out included microstructural analysis, phase analysis, determination of porosity, and pore size distribution, as well as thermal diffusivity/conductivity measurements. Results showed that axial suspension plasma spraying process makes it possible to produce various columnar-type coatings under different processing conditions. Significant influence of microstructural features on thermal properties of the coatings was noted. In particular, the process parameter-dependent microstructural attributes, such as porosity, column density, and crystallite size, were shown to govern the thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity of the coating.

  • 48.
    Ganvir, Ashish
    et al.
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Research Enviroment Production Technology West.
    Curry, Nicholas
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Mechanical Engineering.
    Markocsan, Nicolaie
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Manufacturing Processes.
    Nylén, Per
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Research Enviroment Production Technology West.
    Vilemova, Monika
    IPP Prague, Czech Republic.
    Pala, Zdenek
    IPP Prague, Czech Republic.
    Influence of Microstructure on Thermal Properties of Columnar Axial Suspension Plasma Sprayed Thermal Barrier Coatings2015In: Proceedings of the International Thermal Spray Conference: International Thermal Spray Conference and Exposition, ITSC 2015; Long Beach; United States; 11 May 2015 through 14 May 2015 / [ed] A. McDonald, A. Agarwal, G. Bolelli, A. Concustell, Y.-C. Lau, F.-L. Toma, E. Turunen, C. Widener, ASM International, 2015, p. 498-505Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Suspension Plasma Spraying is a relatively new thermal spraying technique to produce advanced thermal barrier coatings. This technique enables the production of a variety of structures from highly dense, highly porous, segmented or columnar coatings. In this work a comparative study is performed on six different suspension plasma sprayed thermal barrier coatings which were produced using axial injection and different process parameters. The influence of coating morphology and porosity on thermal properties was of specific interest. Tests carried out include microstructural analysis with SEM, phase analysis using XRD, porosity calculation using Archimedes experimental setup, pore distribution analysis using mercury infiltration technique and thermal diffusivity/conductivity measurements using laser flash analysis. The results showed that columnar and cauliflower type coatings were produced by axial suspension plasma spraying process. Better performance coatings were produced with relatively higher overall energy input given during spraying. Coatings with higher energy input, lower thickness and wider range of submicron and nanometer sized pores distribution showed lower thermal diffusivity and hence lower thermal conductivity. Also, in-situ heat treatment did not show dramatic increase in thermal properties.

  • 49.
    Ganvir, Ashish
    et al.
    University of Turku, Turku (FIN).
    Jahagirdar, Adwait Rajeev
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Subtractive and Additive Manufacturing.
    Mulone, Antonio
    Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg.
    Örnfeldt, Louise
    Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg.
    Björklund, Stefan
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Subtractive and Additive Manufacturing.
    Klement, Uta
    Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg.
    Joshi, Shrikant V.
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Research Enviroment Production Technology West.
    Novel utilization of liquid feedstock in high velocity air fuel (HVAF) spraying to deposit solid lubricant reinforced wear resistant coatings2021In: Journal of Materials Processing Technology, ISSN 0924-0136, E-ISSN 1873-4774, Vol. 295, article id 117203Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The ability to axially inject liquid feedstock has encouraged the thermal spray research community to explore this concept to deposit coatings for various next generation functional applications. The current study explores the utilization of liquid feedstock in high velocity air fuel (HVAF) spraying to deposit solid lubricant reinforced wear resistant coatings for the first time. The study successfully demonstrates the use of a powder-suspension hybrid processing approach to incorporate a solid lubricant Boron Nitride (as suspension) in a wear resistant Cr3C2–NiCr (as powder) cermet matrix. Coatings were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Raman Spectroscopy to analyze their microstructure and phase constitution. The results show that the tribological performance of the hexagonal boron nitride (hBN)-incorporated composite coating was significantly better than the traditional powder-derived Cr3C2–NiCr coating. Such hBN-incorporated composite coatings are needed to improve the mechanical properties and enhance the overall tribological performance of metallic components used in various applications, especially at high temperature such as cylinder bore, pistons, deformation tools, etc. The limitations of liquid based lubricants at high temperature motivates the use of hBN reinforced composite coatings as it can form a protective solid lubrication tribo-film. The study concludes that the emerging HVAF technology can accommodate liquid feedstock and be successfully utilized to deposit hybrid powder-suspension composite coatings to create multi length scale microstructures which can be attractive for combining different tribological attributes in the same coatings system.

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  • 50.
    Ganvir, Ashish
    et al.
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Subtractive and Additive Manufacturing.
    Joshi, Shrikant V.
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Research Enviroment Production Technology West.
    Markocsan, Nicolaie
    University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Subtractive and Additive Manufacturing.
    Vassen, Robert
    Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, IEK-1, Jülich, Germany.
    Tailoring columnar microstructure of axial suspension plasma sprayed TBCs for superior thermal shock performance2018In: Materials & design, ISSN 0264-1275, E-ISSN 1873-4197, Vol. 144, p. 192-208Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper investigates the thermal shock behavior of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) produced by axial suspension plasma spraying (ASPS). TBCs with different columnar microstructures were subjected to cyclic thermal shock testing in a burner rig. Failure analysis of these TBCs revealed a clear relationship between lifetime and porosity. However, tailoring the microstructure of these TBCs for enhanced durability is challenging due to their inherently wide pore size distribution (ranging from few nanometers up to few tens of micrometers). This study reveals that pores with different length scales play varying roles in influencing TBC durability. Fracture toughness shows a strong correlation with the lifetime of various ASPS TBCs and is found to be the prominent life determining factor. Based on the results, an understanding-based design philosophy for tailoring of the columnar microstructure of ASPS TBCs for enhanced durability under cyclic thermal shock loading is proposed. © 2018 The Authors

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