We generalize an injectivity result obtained by Bayer-Fluckiger and Lenstra concerning pointed cohomology sets, defined by norm-one groups of finite-dimensional algebras with involution over fields k of characteristic different from 2, to the case of inverse limits of finite-dimensional k-algebras with involution. We use this generalization to obtain a result about self-dual normal bases for infinite Galois field extensions.

For an extension A/B of neither necessarily associative nor necessarily unital rings, we investigate the connection between simplicity of A with a property that we call A-simplicity of B. By this we mean that there is no non-trivial ideal I of B being A-invariant, that is satisfying A I ⊆ I A. We show that A-simplicity of B is a necessary condition for simplicity of A for a large class of ring extensions when B is a direct summand of A. To obtain sufficient conditions for simplicity of A, we introduce the concept of a degree map for A/B. By this we mean a map d from A to the set of non-negative integers satisfying the following two conditions: (d1) if a ∈ A, then d(a) = 0 if and only if a = 0; (d2) there is a subset X of B generating B as a ring such that for each non-zero ideal I of A and each non-zero a ∈ I there is a non-zero a ' ∈ I with d(a ') ≤ d(a) and d(a 'b - ba ') < d(a) for all b ∈ X. We show that if the centralizer C of B in A is an A-simple ring, every intersection of C with an ideal of A is A-invariant, A C A = A and there is a degree map for A/B, then A is simple. We apply these results to various types of graded and filtered rings, such as skew group rings, Ore extensions and Cayley-Dickson doublings. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.

Let alpha = {alpha(g) : Rg-1 -> R-g}(g is an element of mor(G)) be a partial action of a groupoid G on a (not necessarily associative) ring R and let S = R-star alpha G be the associated partial skew groupoid ring. We show that if a is global and unital, then S is left (right) artinian if and only if R is left (right) artinian and R-g = {0}, for all but finitely many g is an element of mor(G). We use this result to prove that if a is unital and R is alternative, then S is left (right) artinian if and only if R is left (right) artinian and R-g = {0}, for all but finitely many g is an element of mor(G). This result applies to partial skew group rings, in particular. Both of the above results generalize a theorem by J. K. Park for classical skew group rings, i.e. the case when R is unital and associative, and G is a group which acts globally on R. We provide two additional applications of our main results. Firstly, we generalize I. G. Connell's classical result for group rings by giving a characterization of artinian (not necessarily associative) groupoid rings. This result is in turn applied to partial group algebras. Secondly, we give a characterization of artinian Leavitt path algebras. At the end of the article, we relate noetherian and artinian properties of partial skew groupoid rings to those of global skew groupoid rings, as well as establish two Maschke-type results, thereby generalizing results by M. Ferrero and J. Lazzarin for partial skew group rings to the case of partial skew groupoid rings.

We introduce the class of epsilon-strongly graded rings and show that it properly contains both the class of strongly graded rings and the class of unital partial crossed products. We determine precisely when an epsilon-strongly graded ring is separable over its principal component. Thereby, we simultaneously generalize a result for strongly group graded rings by Nǎstǎsescu, Van den Bergh and Van Oystaeyen, and a result for unital partial crossed products by Bagio, Lazzarin and Paques. We also show that the class of unital partial crossed products appears in the class of epsilon-strongly graded rings in a fashion similar to how the classical crossed products present themselves in the class of strongly graded rings. Thereby, we obtain, in the special case of unital partial crossed products, a short proof of a general result by Dokuchaev, Exel and Simón concerning when graded rings can be presented as partial crossed products. We also provide some interesting classes of examples of separable epsilon-strongly graded rings, with finite as well as infinite grading groups. In particular, we obtain an answer to a question raised by Le Bruyn, Van den Bergh and Van Oystaeyen in 1988. © 2018 Elsevier Inc.

Given a non-associative unital ring R, a monoid G and a set π of additive maps R→R, we introduce the Ore monoid ring R[π;G], and, in a special case, the differential monoid ring. We show that these structures generalize, in a natural way, not only the classical Ore extensions and differential polynomial rings, but also the constructions, introduced by Cojuhari, defined by so-called D-structures π. Moreover, for commutative monoids, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for differential monoid rings to be simple. We use this in a special case to obtain new and shorter proofs of classical simplicity results for differential polynomial rings in several variables previously obtained by Voskoglou and Malm by other means. We also give examples of new Ore-like structures defined by finite commutative monoids. © 2019 Elsevier Inc.