Aims and objectives. To explore the associations between illness perceptions offatigue, sense of coherence and stress in patients one year after myocardial infarc-tion.Background. Post-myocardial infarction fatigue is a stressful symptom that is dif-ficult to cope with. Patients' illness perceptions of fatigue guide professionals inpredicting how individuals will respond emotionally and cognitively to symptoms.Individuals' sense of coherence can be seen as a coping resource in managingstressors.Design. A cross-sectional study design was used.Method. One year post-myocardial infarction, a total of 74 patients still experi-encing fatigue completed four questionnaires: the Multidimensional Fatigue ScaleInventory -20, the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, the Sense of Coherencescale (sense of coherence-13) and a single-item measure of stress symptoms.Descriptive statistics, correlations and stepwise regression analysis were carriedout.Results. Strong negative associations were found between illness perceptions offatigue, sense of coherence and stress. Sense of coherence has an impact on illnessperceptions of fatigue. Of the dimensions of sense of coherence, comprehensibilityseemed to play the greatest role in explaining illness perceptions of fatigueone year after myocardial infarction.Conclusion. To strengthen patients' coping resources, health-care professionalsshould create opportunities for patients to gain individual-level knowledge thatallows them to distinguish between common fatigue symptoms and warning signsfor myocardial infarction.Relevance to clinical practice. There is a need to improve strategies for copingwith fatigue. It is also essential to identify patients with fatigue after myocardialinfarction, as they need explanations for their symptoms and extra support
Aims: The purpose of this thesis is to describe peer educators’ experiences from the training given to them by The Leadership South Programme. The aim is also to describe the participants’ perceived self-empowerment and perceptions about their own learning and experiences of being a peer educator. The study also aims to explore how peer educators share their skills with others.
Methods: Grounded Theory is the method used for the research presented in this thesis. The data collection was done by open-ended questionnaires followed by qualitative interviews.
Results: The results show that the peer educators who participated in our study show increased self-esteem and motivation. The training has also given them increased knowledge in communicating, listening and facilitating others. Furthermore peer educators experienced increased self-awareness and learned how to motivate and support their peers and share information.
Syftet med studien har varit att undersöka medarbetarnas upplevelse av reflektion som arbetsmetod. Urvalet för studien har bestått av 16 medarbetare (kvinnor mellan 25-55 år) från fyra särskilda boende inom äldreomsorgen som regelbundet arbetar med reflektion som arbetsmetod. Metoden för studien har varit av kvalitativ karaktär som har inspirerats av ett fenomenologiskt tillvägagångssätt. Den empiri som samlats in har bestått av 16 bandade individuella semistrukturerade intervjuer. Frågorna som ställts har varit öppna för att ge respondenterna möjlighet till att utveckla sina synpunkter och tankar samt ge studien ett djup. Alla 16 intervjuer har sedan transkriberats och analyserats för att komma fram till ett resultat.
Den teoretiska referensramen för denna studie innefattar litteratur och tidigare forskning om reflektionens betydelse för lärande och kompetensutveckling i arbetslivet.
I resultatet har tre övergripande teman framträtt;
Lärande, Professionellt förhållningssätt och Kultur. Dessa teman sammanfattar de kategorier som har kommit fram i studien. Studien visar att reflektion som arbetsmetod ger arbetsgruppen en bättre samhörighet där de lär av varandra samt att de får ett respektfullt förhållningssätt gentemot varandra. För den enskilde personen ger metoden en större självinsikt, en bättre kommunikationsförmåga samt en ökad kompetens. Slutsatsen av studien visar att den reflekterande arbetsmetoden kan betraktas som arbetsredskap som lägger grund för ett gemensamt lärande där medarbetarna får möjlighet till att utveckla såväl omsorgsarbetet som de gemensamma värderingarna för att kunna stärka och utveckla kvalitén av vård och omsorg.
The aim of the study was to examine the emergency personnel’s perception of the effects of exercises, with regard to learning and usefulness. The exercises were quasi-experimental and constructed in such a way that employees from different organizations overlapped each other’s tasks. This was accomplished by: having asymmetries included in the scenarios, repeating exercise procedures and testing different strategies, which were discussed at joint seminars. The exercises were compared to a similar study, published in this journal, of nonquasi-experimental but merely traditional exercises. Surveys were distributed and collected from emergency personnel in connection with seven exercises. At the exercises, 94.3% of the personnel thought that the exercises had a focus on collaboration (traditional exercises, 75.6%).
Background.
An eating disorder is a serious mental illness that affects the whole body, mentally and physically. Women are more likely to develop an eating disorder than men. The largest diagnostic group is the EDNOS group (Eating Disorders Not Otherwise Specified) which includes BED (Binge Eating Disorder). This study focuses on the two other diagnostic groups, Anorexia Nervosa (self-starvation) and Bulimia Nervosa (binging and self-induced purging).
Aim
This study’s aim is to describe treatment options for people with eating disorders.
Method
An examination of articles was conducted. Articles were retrieved from data bases andanalysed.
Results
The findings were divided into themes and subthemes. Four themes were found, psychotherapeutic treatment, psychopharmacological treatment,treatment with alternative methods and the importance of a therapeutic relationship.The result shows that there are several treatment methods for an eating disorder and that the caregiver has a major part in the recovery.
Conclusion
No universal treatment was found so it’s important to adapt the treatment to the person’s needs. It’s also important to remember to not insult or wound the person. As a caregiver it’s necessary to remember to see beyond the disorder and see the person behind it in order to build a therapeutic relationship
Syftet med uppsatsen är att ta reda på hur lärarna på Högskolan Väst uppfattar sin arbetssituation. Finns det en balans mellan arbetstid och arbetsuppgifter, om inte, vad beror det på? De frågor vi sökt få svar på fokuseras på deras uppfattning av arbetstid, arbetsuppgifter, tillgänglighet i form av stöd och resurser, delaktighet och vilken uppfattning de har om balans mellan arbetsliv och fritid. Studien baseras på semistrukturerade intervjuer som utförts med högsko-lelärare på Högskolan Väst. För att lyfta fram lärarnas egna uppfattningar är en fenomenografisk ansats att föredra eftersom de då har möjlighet att själva beskriva och förklara hur de uppfattar arbetssituationen och det är med inspiration från fenomenografin som studien gjorts.
Resultatet av studien visar att det handlar om yrkesidentitet, de olika roller som en högskolelärartjänst innehåller samt individens förmåga att se sig själv i en kontext. Uppfattningar om prioriteringar, kvalitén på undervisning, möten med studenter och det sociala nätverket med kollegor på Högskolan Väst har varit återkommande fenomen under intervjusamtalen likaså hur lärarna uppfattar sina möjligheter att påverka arbetssituationen.
Vår studie visar på komplexiteten att ha fler roller i en lärartjänst och att detta tillsammans med ekonomiska villkor i organisationen och större studentgrupper gör att högskolelärare ibland uppfattar sin arbetssituation som påfrestande. Det lärarna ser som positivt är kontakten med studenter och att de ger studenterna goda förutsättningar för det kommande arbetslivet
Background/Objectives:The prevalence of obesity, defined as body mass index (BMI) greater than or equal to30 kg/m2, differs between populations; however, there is a need for data on description on body composition in reference populations of different ages and from different countries. The objective of this study was to pool dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) body composition reference data from population-based Swedish cohorts.Subjects/Methods:Four population-based cross-sectional cohort studies including 1424 adult Swedes were divided into five age groups (20–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–61 and 75 years of age); BMI 24.6±3.9 kg/m2 were pooled. Body composition was measured with DXA.
Results:The difference in BMI from the youngest to the oldest age group was 3.2 and 4.3 kg/m2 in men and women, respectively (P<0.001, both sexes), and fat mass (FM) was 9.9 and 9.1% higher in the oldest compared with the youngest men and women (P<0.001, both sexes). Fat-free mass (FFM) remained stable up to 60 years of age in men (P=0.83) and was lower at 75 years of age compared with the younger ages. In women, FFM was lower from age 60. From youngest to oldest age groups, height-adjusted FM differed from 4.6 to 7.8 kg/m2 in men and from 6.8 to 10.8 kg/m2 in women (P<0.001, both sexes).
Conclusions:Our results provide reference data on body composition in Swedish populations. BMI and FM were higher among older age groups compared with the younger ones. FFM remained stable up to 60 years of age and was lower first among the 75 years of age.
The aims of the present study were to map the level and distribution of aggressive and antisocial behaviors in a sample of Moroccan high school students and to define the level of these behaviors in adolescents who reported parental alcohol use problems and/or experienced abuse. In total, 375 high school students completed the "Mental and Somatic Health without borders (MeSHe)" survey that includes the Life History of Aggression scale. Male students had significantly higher scores for aggression and antisocial behaviors than female. The students who reported experience of abuse or parental alcohol use problems scored significantly higher for aggression, self-directed aggression, and antisocial behaviors compared to students not reporting these negative psychosocial factors. Previously shown gender-specific patterns in aggressive and antisocial behaviors, but not in self-harm behaviors were confirmed in these Moroccan high school students. Reported experience of abuse and/or parental alcohol use problems were associated with increased frequency of aggressive and antisocial behaviors.