An optimal design of a geodetic network can fulfill the requested precision and reliability of the network, and decrease the expenses of its execution by removing unnecessary observations. The role of an optimal design is highlighted in deformation monitoring network due to the repeatability of these networks. The core design problem is how to define precision and reliability criteria. This paper proposes a solution, where the precision criterion is defined based on the precision of deformation parameters, i. e. precision of strain and differential rotations. A strain analysis can be performed to obtain some information about the possible deformation of a deformable object. In this study, we split an area into a number of three-dimensional finite elements with the help of the Delaunay triangulation and performed the strain analysis on each element. According to the obtained precision of deformation parameters in each element, the precision criterion of displacement detection at each network point is then determined. The developed criterion is implemented to optimize the observations from the Global Positioning System (GPS) in Skåne monitoring network in Sweden. The network was established in 1989 and straddled the Tornquist zone, which is one of the most active faults in southern Sweden. The numerical results show that 17 out of all 21 possible GPS baseline observations are sufficient to detect minimum 3 mm displacement at each network point. © 2018 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston.

In this thesis, the comparison between two different methods of establishment of free station for the purpose of geodetic surveying. The methods are the traditional method,with known control points with already established coordinates, and the integrated method,that uses GNSS-technology. In the beginning of the thesis there is some theoretical background and explanation of the technology and methods to help with understanding the later parts. The study focuses only on the accuracy of the different methods, and not the time that each method takes to establish. This was decided because the main interest was to see which method was the most accurate, and not the most efficient time wise.

The method using known points is based on using points that have already established coordinates, and by measuring the distances and angles between these and the total station a position for the total station can be calculated. The other method is based on GNSS, and also uses the total station. This method instead uses new points, known as backsights, that are placed out during the establishment. The thesis also focuses on the sources of error that can occur during work with these methods, and how these sources impact the different methods. A look into the geodetic control network is also made and discussed throughout the thesis.In the end the completed results from all of the establishments are compiled and summarized, and a comparison and analysis are made on these results. These results are later discussed and the strengths and weaknesses of each method is weighed up.

The results of this study has shown that the best quality of the establishment is reached by using the integrated with at least five backsights. The sources of errors that were discovered for each method are studied more closely, in correlation to the prerequisites of the study. The study also shows that some of the known control points that were used during the establishments were of bad quality and in need of a control and some adjustments, to ensure that future work around these points won’t be a problem.

In the conclusion of the study the result shows that the use of the integrated method withat least five backsights is the preferred method of establishment. The quality of the establishment with the integrated method was 0,002 m and 0,004 m for the north and east coordinates, while the result of the traditional method was 0,004 and 0,013 for the north and east coordinates.

Community planning is often based on changes and development of the physical environment which local residents may have different opinions on. To achieve acceptance of a change it is important that concerned feel involved in the process and that the information is clear and understandable even for those who are not proficient in the area. Within the process of developing a detail plan a description shall specify the organizational, technical, financial and real estate law actions necessary for its intended implementation. To make it possible for concerned property owners to be able to read and understand how they are affected by a detail plan the description must be clear and comprehensible explain the intended implementation consequences. The purpose of this study is to find out the extent to which impact description of implementation issues exist and if the requirements of Swedish planning and building act (PBL) from 2011 can be considered fulfilled. The PBL Committee noted in 2005 that the description of the implementation of detail plans is often weak or lacking. The introduction of a new PBL May 2, 2011 aimed to strengthen the status of the implementation issues. In the study the extent of the descriptions was examined with respect to organizational, technical, financial and real estate law issues as well as if the description is done summarily or per property. The study includes 84 detail plans from Västra Götaland and Stockholm County who were in the examination phase during weeks 14 and 15, 2014. There were 19 questions created to provide a picture of the application of PBL 4:33 §. A number of categories were created for these questions to classify the content of the plan descriptions. The result shows a large variation in the extent of the content in the plan descriptions. An average value of how common it is with insufficient content of description (in applicable cases) in each division gives the following result:

 Organizational issues: 49 %

 Technical issues: 30 %

 Economic issues: 68 %

 Real estate law issues: 13 %

The study also shows that "per property" reporting occurs in a very limited extent. With the above results, it is doubtful if many of the detail plans meet the legal requirements of description and could withstand a judicial review

Landslides are a natural phenomenon that wreak havoc and cause major economic consequences for society. Göta Älvdalen is one of Sweden's most avalanche-prone areas where quick clay is widespread in some places. The quick clay has a good strength, but in the event of vibrations or other disturbances it becomes liquid like sour milk. The Swedish Geological Institute, SGI, has mapped the entire river valley where the most exposed areas have been pointed out and one of these areas is Lilla Edet's urban area. Part of the preventive work is monitoring of the river valley area to be able to take measures at an early stage to prevent landslides from occurring.

The purpose of the study is to take a closer look at the possibilities of using terrestrial laser scanning, during a short measurement interval, for landslide monitoring in Göta Älvdalen. The area selected in Lilla Edet's urban area is directly adjacent to the river and was scanned on three occasions at one-week intervals. Spheres and tennis balls are used for georeferencing, this part was performed in Trimble's software Real Works and the three point-clouds were compared in the software Cloud Compare.

The examined result does not show soil movements in the area, but since the last scan was performed after leaf cracking, it led to the vegetation posing problems. The same problem regarding vegetation is highlighted in several other studies in the literature review. Terrester laser scanning is most likely a useful method for this type of study but requires the right conditions and the right preparation

This thesis reflects the term "minor deviation" in a detailed development planned area. In Chapter 3, paragraph 2 of the Property Formation Act the definition of this deviation is found and under what conditions it is accepted. It is applied to the property formation concerning reallotment, amalgamation, subdivision, and partitioning. This kind of minor deviations is only accepted if the purpose of the detailed development plan is not affected. A minor deviation becomes effective through the ordnance survey of the land surveyor when completing a cadastral procedure. The aim of this thesis is to illustrate any differences in the handling by the state cadastral authority and the municipal cadastral authorities. The differences we are going to study are the facility procedures of the two authorities according to the appearance of minor deviations. We will also investigate the number of deviations and also what these two authorities could possibly do to reduce them.This thesis is based on differences in occurring minor deviations, between the state and the municipal cadastral authorities. To see these particular differences we have been studying cadastral dossiers from the municipal cadastral authority of Gothenburg and the state cadastral authorities of Eskilstuna and Kungsbacka. In total there have been 2099 cadastral dossiers with the property formations concerning Chapter 3, paragraph. 2. Furthermore,there were 551 cadastral dossiers situated in a detailed development planned area. At last,there were 49 of these concerning a minor deviation.This thesis shows that minor deviations are more common in cadastral procedures made by the state cadastral authority than by the municipal cadastral authority. The main reason forth is is that the state cadastral authority is not involved in the process of planning detailed development plans as much as the municipal cadastral authority