Background: Sick absences is rising due to mental illness and acute stress reactions. Nurses' experience of stress in their work environment is well-known. Previous studies shows that this may lead to sick absence and nurses quitting their jobs. The theoretical basis lies in a holistic perspective of the environment and that all factors in the environment has an impact on humans and their health.Aim: The aim of the study was to describe what causes stress in the nurses' work environment.Method: A literature based study was conducted. The study was based on qualitative and quantitative articles. A total of 12 articles were analyzed by identifying differences and similarities. It emerged into main theme and sub theme. Results: The study emerged into three main themes as causes of stress in the nurses' work environment. These main themes were 'interpersonal conflicts', 'the nurse's role' and 'the nature of work'. Conclusion: There were different factors that effected nurses' experience of stress. This factors were often linked and made an impact on one another. Therefore it is important that focus lies not only on individual factors but to improve the work environment in whole. The nurse also needs tools to handle stress in the work environment. More research is recommended when it comes to qualitative studies, prevention and coping.