Background: Immunization is a common medical procedure that children experience during childhood. Many children experience fear of immunization, which can create problems for both children and their caretakers and meeting children, who fear immunization, can also become a difficult task for nurses. This indicates the need for more knowledge of what nurses and caretakers can do to reduce children's' fear of immunization. Aim: The aim with the study was to illuminate the encounter with children, who fear immunization, and their caretakers during the immunization procedure.

Method: A literature review was performed, including searches performed in the databases CINAHL and MEDLINE. Thirteen articles were reviewed and analyzed with a method described by Friberg.

Results: The results is presented by two main themes; "Communication during immunization" and "Collaboration during immunization". The result shows the importance for the nurse to create a relationship and trust through conversation, but it also highlights the influence of parent's attachment and parenthood, their physical presence and the use of distraction to reduce the child's fear. It shows that parents have an important role in interacting and helping the child during the immunization.

Conclusion: In order to optimize the contact with children who fear immunization, it's necessary to create a positive interaction between nurse, parent and the child, through communication. With knowledge about how children experience the immunization and the influence of the parents, the nurse can guide parent and child to a successful immunization.