Background

The definition of self-harm is described as a conscious act of harm towards oneself without the intent of suicide. The hospital staffs attitudes are important in the encounter with a patient who self-harms. A negative attitude can increase the self-harm, while a positive attitude can prevent it. Factors that can influence the attitudes of staff and the encounter with a patient who self-harms include respect, understanding and sympathy. Aim The aim of this study was to illuminate factors that influence the encounter with a patient and the attitudes of hospital staff toward people with a self-injurious behavior, when being treated for self-harming or mental illness. Method The study was conducted as a literature review with both qualitative and quantitative articles. Twelve articles were analyzed with a focus on differences and similarities. This resulted in four themes. Results The overall result

displays factors that influence the encounter and attitudes toward patients whit self-injurious behavior. The first theme discusses the lack of understanding and knowledge. The second theme underlines the staffs lack of genuine interest, sympathy and responsiveness. The third theme highlights the absence of availability and patience among staff. The final theme illuminates the staffs emotional experiences in the encounter with self-injurious patients.

Conclusion The study reveals a lack of knowledge, education and sympathy among hospital staff towards patients who self-harm. This affects the encounter and the attitudes negatively. More education on the subject is necessary to ensure an improved and effective care