Organizations have been more knowledge-intensive and professional during the last decades. Professional work has generally certain specific properties related to its working context. Two different case studies have been conducted within two different work disciplines; aircraft maintenance and emergency health care. The two different types of professions are called T(hing)- and L(ife)-professions. This paper analyses the importance of management and organization of T and L-professions respectively, for their use of information systems. The aim of this paper is to highlight the specific characteristics for two different types of professions, T and L, and how they are affected by the organization and management. The aim is also to derive general challenges according to professionals' use of information systems, related to the way of managing and organizing the professional work.