The aim of this study is focus on China’s activities/policies in oil trade and security for keeping its own development. In this study, we try to analyze China’s activities and policies in oil trading through liberalism and realism, and to show out how China acted in global market related to oil consumption, production and trade in order to satisfy China’s oil requirements. In international political theories, the concept of realism and liberalism are almost completely opposite. The cases of activities and relevant data which we selected with China on oil trade are picked and analyzed by historical analysis and quantitative researches. That can ensure the credibility, applicability and correctness of data. After analysis, the findings show that Chinese central government guide by realism more than liberalism when it process the issues with oil trade. China considers from the perspective of their own interests and focus on how to maximize their own interest. From the surface, the partners of China also received interests, but the main target of China is ensure the security of the oil, and maintain the stability of the domestic energy consumption.