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Friction stir welding with robot for light vehicle design
University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Electrical and Automation Engineering. (PTW)ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9553-7131
ESAB Welding AB .
University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Production Engineering. (PTW)
University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Process and Product Development. (PTW)ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5608-8636
2010 (English)In: Proceedings from the 8th International Friction Stir Welding Symposium: Timmendorfer Strand, Germany 18-20 May 2010, The Welding Institute , 2010Conference paper, Published paper (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Reducing weight is one of the enablers to design more environmentally friendly vehicles. Friction Stir Welding (FSW) supports low weight design through its capability to join different combinations of light weight materials, e.g. different aluminium alloys, but also through its possibilities in producing continuous joints. StiRoLight is a recently started project for robotised FSW for joining of light weight materials emphasising on the vehicle industry, an industry with a long-time experience of robotic welding. The first task involves investigation of force feedback for maintaining the desired contact force. Another important aspect in robotised FSW is the compliance of the robot, which may result in deviations from the pre-programmed path as a result of the high process forces experienced during the welding operation. The further exploration of three-dimensional FSW seams and definition of the process windows will be part of further research within this project.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
The Welding Institute , 2010.
National Category
Manufacturing, Surface and Joining Technology Mechanical Engineering Vehicle and Aerospace Engineering
Research subject
ENGINEERING, Manufacturing and materials engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-3081ISBN: 1903761085 (print)ISBN: 9781903761083 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hv-3081DiVA, id: diva2:392177
Conference
8th International Friction Stir Welding Symposium, Timmendorfer Strand, Germany 18-20 May 2010
Projects
StiRoLight
Note

CD-ROM

Available from: 2011-01-26 Created: 2011-01-26 Last updated: 2025-02-14Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Robotic Friction Stir Welding for Flexible Production
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Robotic Friction Stir Welding for Flexible Production
2012 (English)Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a modern welding process that joins materials by frictional heat, generated by a rotating tool. Unlike other welding processes, the material never melts, which is beneficial for the weld properties. FSW is already widely adopted in several industries but the applications are limited to simple geometries like straight lines or circular welds, mostly in aluminium. The welding operation is performed by rigid FSW machines, which deliver excellent welds but puts limitations on the system in terms of flexibility and joint geometries. Therefore, several research groups are working on the implementation of the FSW process on industrial robots. A robot allows welding of three-dimensional geometries and increases the flexibility of the whole system. The high process forces required for FSW, in combination with the limited stiffness of the robot brings some extra complexity to the system.  The limitations of the robot system are addressed in this licentiate thesis.

One part of the thesis studies the effect of robot deflections on the weld quality. A sensor-based solution is presented that measures the path deviation and compensates this deviation by modifying the robot trajectory. The tool deviation is reduced to an acceptable tolerance and root defects in the weld are hereby eliminated. The sensor-based method provided better process understanding, leading to a new strategy that uses existing force-feedback for path compensations of the tool. This method avoids extra sensors and makes the system less complex. Another part of this work focuses on the extra complexity to maintain a stable welding process on more advanced geometries. A model is presented that allows control of the heat input in the process by control of the downforce. Finally, the robot’s limitations in terms of maximal hardness of the materials to be welded are investigated. Parameter tuning and implementation of preheating are proposed to allow robotic FSW of superalloys.

Abstract [sv]

Friction Stir Welding eller ”friktionsomrörningssvetsning” är en svetsprocess som kräver ett roterande verktyg som genom friktionsvärme får materialet att mjukna. Verktyget blandar runt det plastiska materialet mekaniskt och skapar en fog av hög kvalité. Processen fungerar utan gas, utan rök, utan tillsatsmaterial och utan att smälta materialet. Alla dessa fördelar skapar stort industriellt intresse inom flera branscher. Idag används tekniken nästan uteslutande i styva maskiner som svetsar raka eller cirkulära fogar och framförallt för aluminium. Eftersom processen kräver stora krafter mellan material och verktyg är det svårt att implementera processen på en robot. En robot möjliggör svetsning av tredimensionella geometrier och ökar dessutom flexibiliteten.  Flera forskargrupper runt i världen har tagit fram en fungerande FSW robot som kan svetsa tunn lättviksmaterial som aluminium med hög kvalitet. Användningen i industrin av FSW robotar är däremot obefintlig och det finns ett antal anledningar till det. Först är roboten vek vilket gör att verktyget kan missa svetsfogen i hårda material och svetsdefekter kan uppstå. En annan anledning är at det inte finns en användbar automatiserad processtyrning tillgänglig, mest för att FSW är en robust process och inte kräver en avancerad styrning vid svetsning av raka fogar.

De praktiska arbeten som redovisas i denna licentiatuppsats är huvudsakligen utförda i en robotiserad FSW-demonstrator på Högskolan Väst. FSW-roboten är en modifierad industrirobot som är försetts med spindel och kraftåterkoppling för att styra kraften som roboten applicerar på arbetsstycket.

Detta arbete har identifierat ett antal problem som behöver lösas för att få en robust robotiserad FSW process i en flexibel produktionsmiljö. I denna licentiatrapport beskrivs en lösning hur en typ av svetsdefekter kan förhindras genom en sensorbaserad bankompensering. Både en kamera- och lasersensor-baserad mätmetod presenteras. En annan bankompenseringsstrategi är beskriven, som använder kraftsensorn från befintlig kraftåterkoppling istället för att lägga till extra sensor. Denna strategi kan utvecklas till en komplett utböjningsmodell på roboten i hela arbetsområdet. Robotens begränsningar gällande svetsbarhet av hårda material har undersökts och med hjälp av parameteroptimering och förvärmning kan även hårda nickelbaserade legeringar svetsas med roboten.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Lund: Lund University, 2012. p. 141
Keywords
Friction Stir Welding, Automation, Robotics, Aluminium, Lightweight design
National Category
Robotics and automation Control Engineering Manufacturing, Surface and Joining Technology
Research subject
ENGINEERING, Industrial engineering; ENGINEERING, Mechatronics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-4429 (URN)978-91-7473-342-6 (ISBN)
Presentation
2012-06-15, C118, Högskolan Väst, Trollhättan, 17:10 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Projects
StiRoLight
Available from: 2012-06-27 Created: 2012-06-18 Last updated: 2025-02-05Bibliographically approved

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De Backer, JeroenChristiansson, Anna-Karin

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