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Vad kännetecknar lyckade insatser för ökad psykisk hälsa inom skolan?: En litteraturöversikt för att belysa hälsofrämjande insatser för elever i årskurs fem till nio i Sverige
University West, Department of Health Sciences.
University West, Department of Health Sciences.
2024 (Swedish)Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesisAlternative title
What characterizes successful interventions for increased psychological well-being within school? : A literature review to highlight health promoting interventions for students in the grades five to nine in Sweden (English)
Abstract [sv]

Bakgrund:

Denna litteraturstudie grundar sig i det utvecklande problemområdet som är att elevers psykiska hälsa försämras i svenska skolor. Dagens elever lider av en ökad frekvens av psykiska problem, som exempelvis psykosomatiska problem, stress och prestationsångest.Syfte: Syftet var att belysa vad som främjar psykisk hälsa i en skolkontext hos ungdomar i årskurs fem till nio.

Metod:

Metoden gick ut på att göra en systematisk litteraturöversikt i databaserna Cinahl och PsycInfo. Både kvalitativa och kvantitativa artiklar inkluderades i studien för att få en bredare överblick i området. Litteraturöversikten inkluderade studier som fokuserade på hälsofrämjande insatser som berör elever i årskurs fem till nio. Litteraturöversikten exkluderade studier som fokuserar på psykisk ohälsa och elever som gick i tidigare eller senare årskurser. I metoden gjordes en tematisk analys (a simplified approach) med induktiv ansats.

Resultat:

Den tematiska analysen genererade två teman. Det första är vad som skapar en hälsofrämjande skolmiljö och det andra temat är fördelar av hälsofrämjande insatser. Det som identifierats skapa en hälsofrämjande skolmiljö är att låta eleverna lära sig praktiskt, att ha eleverna arbeta i grupp och att ge eleverna ansvar. Ytterligare uppmärksammades det att pojkar har ett större behov av motiverande insatser och att flickor har en större behov av insatser för ökad stresshantering. De fördelar som det hälsofrämjande arbetet leder till var att eleverna utvecklade hälsosammare vanor, fick en ökad självmedvetenhet hos eleverna, en djupare hälsokunskap och en starkare självtillit.

Slutsats:

Det hälsofrämjande interventionerna visade sig innehålla psykisk aktivitet, sociala relationer och elevinflytande. Dessa interventioner var positiva för elevernas psykiska hälsa, vilket belyser vikten av att ha ett hälsofrämjande förhållningssätt i skolan. Detta bör dock vara ett komplement till det patogena perspektivet för att öka bredden av förståelsen för elevers hälsa. Hur dessa perspektiv ska samarbeta behövs det ytterligare forskning kring.

Abstract [en]

Background:

This literature study has its foundation in the developing problem that is that students’ mental health wellbeing is deteriorating within Swedish schools. The students are currently suffering from an increased rate of mental health problems such as, but not limited to, psychosomatic problems, stress, and performance anxiety.

Aim:

The aim is to showcase what supports mental health wellbeing withing a school context for students attending grade five to nine.

Method:

The method consisted of first doing a systematic literature review within the databases Cinahl and PsycINFO. Both qualitative and quantitative articles were included in the study to achieve a wider view of the relevant area. The literature review included studies with a focus on health promoting contributions for students between the grades five to nine. The literature review excluded studies with a focus on mental illness and students who attended grades above or belove five to nine. The method was done with a simplified approach with an inductive approach.

Results:

The thematic analysis generated two themes. The first being what creates a health promoting school environment and the second theme being the advantages of health promoting contributions. What creates a health promotion school environment was identified as allowing the students to learn with hands-on activities, having the students work in groups and allocating responsibilities to the students. A difference between the genders was also identified, boys were observed to have a higher need for promoting motivation, while the girls had a higher need for an increase in ability to handle stress. The advantages brought to life with the health promoting interventions were identified as the students developing healthier habits, an increased self-awareness within the students, a deeper understanding of health and a stronger self-efficacy.

Conclusion:

The health promoting interventions were identified to mainly contain physical activity, social relationships, and student influence. These interventions where positive for the student’s mental health wellbeing, which showcased the need for health promotion within schools. It should also be noted that these results focusing on health promotion, should not be used alone, they should be used in combination with results based on mental illness. So that both sides of the mental health spectrum are partaking and complementing each other, which should lead to a wider and deeper understanding about students’ mental health. Although how to best incorporate both these views within the area of student mental health, there is still a need for further research.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2024. , p. 22
Keywords [en]
Health promotion, Mental health, Middle school, Social relations, Student influence, Physical activity
Keywords [sv]
Elevinflytande, Fysisk aktivitet, Grundskola, Hälsofrämjande, Psykisk hälsa, Sociala relationer
National Category
Nursing
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-21657Local ID: EVX510OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hv-21657DiVA, id: diva2:1862045
Subject / course
Nursing science
Educational program
Socialpsykiatrisk vård
Supervisors
Examiners
Available from: 2024-06-04 Created: 2024-05-29 Last updated: 2024-06-05Bibliographically approved

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