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Process understanding of Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Nickel based superalloy Haynes 282
University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Subtractive and Additive Manufacturing. (KAMPT)
2024 (English)Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)Alternative title
Processförståelse för laserpulverbäddsfusion av nickelbaserade superlegeringen Haynes 282 (Swedish)
Abstract [en]

Laser-material interaction of Nickel based superalloy Haynes 282 melt pools were studied for laser parameters similar to laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB) without powder. The effect of power, speed, hatch distance and laser focus offset were analysed by characterizing different types of melt pool behaviour, including conduction, transition to keyhole, and keyhole mode. Focus offset parameter was found to modify the melting mode from keyhole to conduction type in experiments with and without powder. This change in melting mode is attributed to the variation in laser beam spot size for the same line energy. Such manipulation of type of melting with control of focus offset can be utilized as a method to optimize process parameters for novel materials in the PBF-LB process at high layer thickness.

Based on the above study, cubes were built with refined process parameters utilizing powder layer thicknesses of 60- and 90-microns for improved productivity, using partial factorial design of experiment. The conduction mode of melting helped reducing defects, minimizing lack of fusion and keyhole porosity in specimens built with powder at 60- and 90-microns layer thickness. Effect of process parameters and indirect measure like area energy, on the melt pool overlap, defect level and dominant shape of the defects are presented. Optimizing the process parameters to identify the boundaries for building cubes with reduced porosity is also discussed.

Abstract [sv]

Den Ni-baserade superlegeringen, Haynes 282, skannades med laserparametrar liknande de som används i laserpulverbäddfusion (PBF-LB), men utan pulver.Studien undersökte inverkan av effekt, hastighet, avstånd mellan två intilliggandeskanningspass och laserfokusförskjutning, vilket karakteriserades genom olikatyper av beteenden hos smältbadet, inklusive värmeledning, övergång frånvärmeledning till nyckelhål, och nyckelhål. Fokusförskjutningen visade sig ändrasmältbadets läge från nyckelhål till värmeledning. Denna förändring observeradesbåde i experiment utan pulver och i de med pulver. Förändringen beror påbreddningen av laserstrålens punktstorlek samtidigt som samma linjeenergibibehålls. Denna förändring i smältningstyp genom fokusförskjutning kananvändas som en metod för att optimera utforskningen av nya material i PBFLB-processen.

Baserat på detta byggdes kuber med pulver med lagertjocklekar på 60 och 90mikrometer, användande olika processparametrar enligt en experimentell designbaserad på en central sammansatt design. Smältning genom värmeledning bidrogtill att minska defekter, minimera bindningsfel och nyckelhålsporositet i proversom byggts med pulver med lagertjocklekar på 60 och 90 mikrometer. Inverkanav processparametrarna och indirekta mått såsom areaenergi på smältbadetsöverlappning, defektnivå och den dominerande formen på defekter presenteras.Optimering av processparametrarna samt identifiering av parameterrymden föratt bygga kuber med minskad porositet undersöks också.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Trollhättan: University West , 2024. , p. 39
Series
Licentiate Thesis: University West ; 46
Keywords [en]
Laser Powder Bed Fusion; Haynes 282; Nickel based superalloy; productivity; focus offset
Keywords [sv]
Laser pulverbädd Fusion; Haynes 282; Nickelbaserad superlegering; produktivitet; fokusförskjutning
National Category
Manufacturing, Surface and Joining Technology
Research subject
Production Technology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-21476ISBN: 9789189325821 (print)ISBN: 978-91-89325-81-4 (electronic)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hv-21476DiVA, id: diva2:1853827
Presentation
2024-05-08, J111, Gustava Melins gata, Trollhättan, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

Paper A is to be submitted, and paper C is acceptet and are not included in this licentiate thesis. We do  not have permission to publish paper B in the digital version.

Available from: 2024-05-08 Created: 2024-04-23 Last updated: 2024-04-11
List of papers
1. Characterization of Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Nickel-Based Superalloy Haynes 282
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Characterization of Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Nickel-Based Superalloy Haynes 282
Show others...
2023 (English)In: Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Superalloy 718 and Derivatives / [ed] Eric A. Ott, Joel Andersson, Chantal Sudbrack, Zhongan Bi, Kevin Bockenstedt, Ian Dempster, Michael Fahrmann, Paul Jablonski, Michael Kirka, Xingbo Liu, Daisuke Nagahama, Tim Smith, Martin Stockinger, Andrew Wessman, Springer, 2023, p. 553-570Conference paper, Oral presentation with published abstract (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Nickel-based superalloy Haynes 282 specimens were manufactured using the Laser Powder Bed Fusion process with a powder layer thickness of 60 and 90 microns to study the effect of laser power, laser scan speed, and hatch distance on the melt pool dimensions and porosity. The melt pool dimensions and porosity were measured at the center of the cubes parallel to the build direction. Variation of melt pool depth and overlap exist within the same sample signifying the scatter present in the process. Laser scan speed was found to be the most significant parameter for porosity and hatch distance was found to be the most significant parameter affecting the average melt pool overlap depth in the cubes built with 60 microns layer thickness. Interaction of speed and hatch distance was found to be the most significant parameter for porosity and Laser scan speed was the most significant parameter for average melt pool overlap depth in cubes built with 90 microns layer thickness. Comparison of measured responses with individual parameters provides partial trends of melt pool dimensions and porosity. As the heat input is captured better in line energy and area energy density, a better trend of the melt pool dimensions data and marginal trend of porosity in comparison with energy densities is discussed. The ratio of maximum length to minimum length of defects such as porosity and lack of fusion is measured to determine the shape of the defects and averaged to provide insight into the dominant shape of defect for a given set of parameters.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer, 2023
Series
The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series (MMMS), ISSN 2367-1181, E-ISSN 2367-1696 ; 4
Keywords
Haynes 282, Laser powder bed fusion, Melt pool dimensions, High layer thickness, Process parameter study
National Category
Manufacturing, Surface and Joining Technology
Research subject
Production Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-20175 (URN)10.1007/978-3-031-27447-3_35 (DOI)2-s2.0-85161408360 (Scopus ID)978-3-031-27446-6 (ISBN)978-3-031-27447-3 (ISBN)
Conference
TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition 2023
Available from: 2023-06-27 Created: 2023-06-27 Last updated: 2024-04-23Bibliographically approved

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Swaminathan, Kameshwaran

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