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Hospital Staffing during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Sweden.
University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Production Systems. (PTW iAIL)ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2721-3888
University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Industrial Engineering and Management, Electrical- and Mechanical Engineering. Technology Management and Economics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg (SWE). (PTW iAIL)ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6816-582x
Department of Business Administration, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg (SWE).
2022 (English)In: Healthcare, E-ISSN 2227-9032, Vol. 10, no 10, article id 2116Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Staff management challenges in the healthcare system are inherently different during pandemic conditions than under normal circumstances. Surge capacity must be rapidly increased, particularly in the intensive care units (ICU), to handle the increased pressure, without depleting the rest of the system. In addition, sickness or fatigue among the staff can become a critical issue. This study explores the lessons learned by first- and second-line managers in Sweden with regard to staff management during the COVID-19 pandemic. A mixed-methods approach was used, with preliminary qualitative interview (n = 38) and principal quantitative questionnaire (n = 272) studies, based on principal component and multiple regression analyses. The results revealed that the pandemic created four types of challenges relating to staff management: staff movement within hospitals; addition of external staff; addition of hours for existing staff through overtime and new shift schedules; and avoidance of lost hours due to sickness or fatigue. Furthermore, the effects of these managerial challenges were different in the first wave than in later waves, and they significantly differed between the ICU and other units. Therefore, a greater proactive focus on staff management would be beneficial in future pandemic situations.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
MDPI, 2022. Vol. 10, no 10, article id 2116
Keywords [en]
COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare staffing, hospital managers, hospital staffing, mixed method, surge capacity
National Category
Production Engineering, Human Work Science and Ergonomics
Research subject
Production Technology; Work Integrated Learning
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-19350DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10102116ISI: 000873138000001PubMedID: 36292563Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85140585493OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hv-19350DiVA, id: diva2:1714901
Available from: 2022-11-30 Created: 2022-11-30 Last updated: 2024-05-07
In thesis
1. Capacity management in Swedish hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Capacity management in Swedish hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic
2024 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Alternative title[sv]
Kapacitetsstyrning på svenska sjukhus under COVID-19-pandemin
Abstract [en]

The COVID-19 pandemic emphasized the importance of effective crisis management. This research aims to analyze and comprehend the lessons learnt at Swedish hospitals in implementing surge capacity during the pandemic to enhance preparedness for future pandemics. The study utilizes a mixed-methods approach, combining two qualitative case studies and a quantitative survey. Inductive, explorative, and deductive analysis methods based on framework of learning and dynamic capability have been employed. 

The distinction between a major accident and a pandemic is considerable. A pandemic lasts longer, with changing capacity requirements. Moreover, during a pandemic, information originates within hospitals, upon the admission of patients. The study identified innovative planning strategies, such as stepwise causality planning, for the organization to pursue common goals and material deliveries within an agreed-upon time consumption in an uncertain delivery situation. Internal staff mobility and support for specialized staff are critical for adapting capacity, with a high dependence on equipment, space, and systems. 

Crisis management during a pandemic needs to be distributed and adaptive. Plans must be constantly adjusted aligning to the reality of the crisis. Additionally, the study emphasizes the role of healthcare professionals in decision-making, as well as the importance of continuous learning. Allowing leaders with trust within the organization to lead and create openness within the organization, without power plays and with positive “storytelling,” establishes a secure environment where staff mobility can be enhanced.

This study highlights an effective crisis handling through dynamic action and openness to learning during the pandemic. However, it identifies shortcomings, including malfunctioning contingency plans, insufficient staff mobility, and undynamic crisis management, especially at the regional crisis management level.

Abstract [sv]

COVID-19-pandemin har belyst nödvändigheten av effektiv krishantering under pandemier. Denna studie syftar till att förstå och analysera de lärdomar kring produktionsstyrning som uppstått under pandemin, då kapaciteten dagligen behövde styras och balanseras mot de olika vårdbehoven. Studien omfattar både kvalitativ forskning med två fallstudier och kvantitativ forskning genom en enkät. Induktiva, explorativa och deduktiva analysmetoder har använts, där den sistabaserades på ramverk kring lärande respektive dynamiska och statiska kapaciteter.

Skillnaden mellan en stor olycka och en pandemi är betydande. Pandemin varar längre och vårdbehovet förändras i vågor, till skillnad från en olycka som oftast är kort och plötslig. Vidare skiljer sig informationsflödet, där det i en pandemi uppstår på sjukhusen genom vårdgivarnas nätverk och när patienter anländer, medan det vid en olycka går direkt från räddningsledare till regionens krisledning. 

Studien har identifierat innovativa planeringsstrategier speciellt för pandemier, såsom en så kallad stegvis kausalitetsplanering som ger organisationen möjlighet att sträva efter samma mål, samt material leveranser mot en överenskommen timkonsumtion i en osäker leveranssituation. Den mest kritiska faktorn för att klara sjukhusvården under pandemin identifierades som intern personalrörlighet. Denna var avgörande för att förstärka avdelningar med utökat behov och därmed stödja uthålligheten för den specialiserade personalen som tjänstgjorde där. Vidare var personalförsörjningen och uthålligheten beroende av tillgänglighetenav skyddsutrustning, utrymme och funktionen i systemet.

En krisledning under en pandemi behöver vara både delegerande och adaptiv. Planer måste ständigt anpassas efter krisens realitet. Dessutom betonar studiens resultat betydelsen av vårdprofessionens medverkan i beslutsfattande, samt betydelsen av kontinuerligt lärande. Genom att låta ledare med uppbyggt förtroende i organisationen leda och skapa öppenhet, genom att undvika maktspel och främja positiv “storytelling”, skapas en trygg miljö som förbättrar personalens välmående och rörlighet.

Studien beskriver att krisen hanterades väl genom att organisationerna agerade dynamiskt och var öppen för lärande. Dock identifierades brister, såsom otillräckliga beredskapsplaner, bristande personalrörlighet och en odynamisk krisledning, särskilt på regionnivå. Resultatet från forskningen kan användas för att bygga bättre beredskap för pandemier i framtiden.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Trollhättan: University West, 2024. p. 127
Series
PhD Thesis: University West ; 62
Keywords
Production and Operations Management; Healthcare; COVID-19; Pandemic; Crisis management; Surge capacity, Operativ styrning; Kris; ledarskap; Kapacitetsökning; Sjukvård; COVID-19; Pandemi; Personalrörlighet
National Category
Manufacturing, Surface and Joining Technology Work Sciences Business Administration
Research subject
Production Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-21474 (URN)9789189325685 (ISBN)9789189325678 (ISBN)
Public defence
2024-06-13, J106, Gustava Melins gata, Trollhättan, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

Paper 3 (accepted) and 5 (submitted) are not included in this digital thesis.

Available from: 2024-05-22 Created: 2024-05-07 Last updated: 2024-05-23

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Rosenbäck, RitvaLantz, Björn

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