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Tidens påverkan på vittnens minne
University West, Department of Social and Behavioural Studies, Division of Psychology, Pedagogy and Sociology.
University West, Department of Social and Behavioural Studies, Division of Psychology, Pedagogy and Sociology.
2020 (Swedish)Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
Abstract [sv]

Kunskap om tidens påverkan på minnet är viktig, inte minst ur ett juridiskt perspektiv. Synnerligen viktig är kunskapen om tiden som förlöper mellan bevittnad händelse och återgivning. Vad händer med en vittnesutsaga över tid? Vem kan klassas som ett pålitligt vittne? Studiens syfte var att undersöka hur minnet påverkas av tid och om några skillnader finns mellan män och kvinnor. Som teoretisk utgångspunkt används Hermann Ebbinghaus teori om glömskekurvan, som visar att bortfall i minnet sker som snabbast i början för att med tiden plana ut. Två hypoteser har formulerats utifrån glömskekurvan. Den första hypotesen var att deltagarna i grupp 5 som fick svara på frågorna efter längst tid skulle ha lägst antal rätt svar på frågeformuläret. Den andra hypotesen var att ju längre tiden går desto mindre skulle skillnaderna vara mellan grupperna gällande antal rätt. Utifrån tidigare forskning har en tredje hypotes formulerats om att tid skapar en könsstereotypisk syn på gärningsperson och offer. Studien har en experimentell design där deltagarna (N=63) har sett ett kort filmklipp som skildrar ett brott och därefter svarat på frågor om klippet. Deltagarna blev slumpmässigt indelade i fem grupper. Alla deltagare svarade på samma frågor men efter olika tidsintervall beroende på vilken grupp som tilldelats. Resultatet visade att deltagare som fick svara på frågeformuläret efter längst tid hade lägst antal rätt. Resultatet visade också att det fanns märkbara skillnader mellan grupperna ju längre tiden gick, gällande antal rätt. Det visade sig även att tiden hade en påverkan på deltagarnas syn på offret när det gäller kön.

Abstract [en]

The impact of time on memory is important, not the least from a legal perspective. Particularly important is the knowledge of the time that elapses between a witnessed event and recollection. What happens to a witness statement over time? Who can be classified as a reliable witness? The purpose of the study was to investigate how memory is affected by time and whether there are any differences between men and women. As a theoretical basis, the study used Hermann Ebbinghaus' theory of the forgetting curve, which shows that loss of memory occurs quickly in the beginning to then level out over time. Two hypotheses were formed based on the forgetting curve. The first hypothesis was that the participants who were to answer the questions after the longest time would have the lowest number of correct answers to the questionnaire. The second hypothesis was that the longer time elapsed, the smaller the differences between the groups, in terms of the number of correct answers. Based on previous research, a third hypothesis was formed stating that time creates a gender stereotypical view of the perpetrator and victim. The study used an experimental design, where the study participants (N = 63) saw a shortfilm clip depicting a crime and then answered questions about the clip. The participants were randomly divided into five groups. All participants answered the same questions but after different retention intervals due to which group that was assigned. The results showed that participants that answered the questionnaire after the longest time had the lowest number of correct answers. The results also showed that there were noticeable differences between the groups as time went by, in terms of correct answers. It also turned out that time had effect on the participants' views of the victim regarding gender.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2020. , p. 35
Keywords [en]
Witness psychology, memory, Ebbinghaus, retention interval, quantitative method, experimental design
Keywords [sv]
Vittnespsykologi, minne, Ebbinghaus, retentionsintervall, kvantitativ metod, experimentell design
National Category
Psychology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-16284Local ID: EXP301OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hv-16284DiVA, id: diva2:1527865
Subject / course
Psychology
Educational program
Psykologi
Supervisors
Examiners
Available from: 2021-02-22 Created: 2021-02-12 Last updated: 2021-02-22Bibliographically approved

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