Planned maintenance
A system upgrade is planned for 24/9-2024, at 12:00-14:00. During this time DiVA will be unavailable.
Change search
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
Suspension Plasma-Sprayed Thermal Barrier Coatings for Light-Duty Diesel Engines
University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Subtractive and Additive Manufacturing.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6619-8799
Volvo Car Corporation, Göteborg, Sweden.
University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Subtractive and Additive Manufacturing. (PTW)ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9578-4076
University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Subtractive and Additive Manufacturing.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4201-668x
Show others and affiliations
2019 (English)In: Journal of thermal spray technology (Print), ISSN 1059-9630, E-ISSN 1544-1016, Vol. 28, no 7, p. 1674-1687Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Demands for improved fuel efficiency and reduced CO2 emissions of diesel engines have been the driving force for car industry in the past decades. One way to achieve this would be by using thermal spraying to apply a thermal insulation layer on parts of the engine’s combustion chamber. A candidate thermal spray process to give coatings with appropriate properties is suspension plasma spray (SPS). SPS, which uses a liquid feedstock for the deposition of finely structured columnar ceramic coatings, was investigated in this work for application in light-duty diesel engines. In this work, different spray processes and materials were explored to achieve coatings with optimized microstructure on the head of aluminum pistons used in diesel engine cars. The functional properties of the coatings were evaluated in single-cylinder engine experiments. The influence of thermo-physical properties of the coatings on their functional properties has been discussed. The influence of different spray processes on coating formation on the complex piston head profiles has been also discussed. The results show that SPS can be a promising technique for producing coatings on parts of the combustion chamber, which can possibly lead to higher engine efficiency in light-duty diesel engines.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2019. Vol. 28, no 7, p. 1674-1687
National Category
Energy Engineering
Research subject
ENGINEERING, Manufacturing and materials engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-14511DOI: 10.1007/s11666-019-00923-8ISI: 0000498221700001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85074254826OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hv-14511DiVA, id: diva2:1360850
Available from: 2019-10-14 Created: 2019-10-14 Last updated: 2022-05-11
In thesis
1. Suspension plasma sprayed thermal barrier coatings for internal combustion engines
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Suspension plasma sprayed thermal barrier coatings for internal combustion engines
2020 (English)Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Alternative title[sv]
Suspensionsprutade termiska barriärbeläggningar för förbränningsmotorer
Abstract [en]

The upward trend in internal combustion engine efficiency is likely driven by the depletion of fossil fuels. Since no replacement in sight can deliver energy comparable to the conventional oil, there is a need to use it more rationally and effectively. Thermal barrier coatings have been seen for a long time as a solutionto increase the thermal efficiency of gas turbine engines but suffer from the lackof strong applicability in internal combustion engines. This is due to the different restrictions when comparing the environment on the gas turbines and in internal combustion engines. To overcome this problem and, at the same time, expand the application field of thermal barrier coatings, more efforts need to be devoted.In this work, different top coat materials using various deposition techniques were evaluated and categorized in three different thermal barrier coating (TBC) architectures. The first was the lamellar yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) top coat deposited by atmospheric plasma spray (APS), used as a reference sample. The second architecture was a columnar suspension plasma spray (SPS) TBC with YSZ and gadolinium zirconate (GZO) top coat. The SPS process can produce avariety of microstructures, and they were, for the first time, tested in an internal combustion engine. The third architecture was an SPS top coat, with an additional layer on the top, called a sealing layer of either metallic or ceramic material, both never investigated in a diesel engine application earlier.

For the thermophysical properties investigation, a combination of laser flashanalysis (LFA) and modeling with object-oriented finite element (OOF) was employed to understand the properties in all the applications. The performance of the coatings was evaluated in two different ways, by thermal cyclic tests, basedon the TBCs behavior under cyclic thermal loads and by single-cylinder engine experiment. The characterization of the coatings was done by scanning electron microscope (SEM) before and after the thermal cyclic tests.The performance properties were correlated with coatings microstructure and thermophysical properties. It was shown that a columnar TBC produced by SPS had a superior engine efficiency in the single cylinder engine experiment.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Trollhättan: University West, 2020. p. 59
Series
Licentiate Thesis: University West ; 28
Keywords
Thermal Barrier Coatings; Suspension Plasma Spraying; Gadolinium Zirconate; Internal Combustion Engines; Engine Efficiency
National Category
Manufacturing, Surface and Joining Technology
Research subject
Production Technology; ENGINEERING, Manufacturing and materials engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-15198 (URN)978-91-88847-56-0 (ISBN)978-91-88847-55-3 (ISBN)
Presentation
2020-06-12, F104 Albertssalen, Högskolan Väst, Trollhättan, 15:30 (English)
Supervisors
Available from: 2020-06-12 Created: 2020-06-12
2. Thermal barrier coatings for diesel engines
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Thermal barrier coatings for diesel engines
2022 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Alternative title[sv]
Termiska barriärbeläggningar för dieselmotorer
Abstract [en]

The upward trend in internal combustion engine efficiency is driven by the demands for emission reduction and fossil fuel depletion. No present alternative fuel can produce energy comparable to that produced by conventional oil; this necessitates the reasonable, efficient usage of oil. For several decades, thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) have been studied as an answer for increasing the thermal efficiency of gas turbine engines. However, TBCs have not been extensively evaluated for application to internal combustion engines owing to their emissions, costs, and demanding working conditions. Much effort is needed to simultaneously address this problem and expand the applicability of thermal barrier coatings.The objective of this study is to investigate the relationships between the spraying parameters, microstructural variations, thermal properties, and performance of TBCs applied to diesel engines. The further objective is to harness this knowledgeto fabricate coatings that result in high automotive engine efficiencies. Different feedstock materials were used with various spraying methods and classified into separate TBC types. The first TBC type had a lamellar bond coat deposited by atmospheric plasma spray (APS) and lamellar yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) APS top coat. The second TBC type was derived from the first TBC type and had a lamellar APS bond coat, and the top coat was deposited by APS using a feedstock along with a porosity former, resulting in high-porosity top coats. The third TBC type had a dense bond coat deposited with high velocity air fuel (HVAF) and a columnar top coat deposited by suspension plasma spray (SPS) using a feedstock of YSZ or gadolinium zirconate (GZO). The SPS technique can generate a variety of microstructures, and the TBCs containing these microstructures were tested in an internal combustion engine for the first time. The fourth TBC type had a dense bond coat deposited HVAF, a columnar top coat produced with SPS and an additional top layer, which functioned as the sealing layer.

For the thermophysical property investigation of all coating types, experimental and modeling techniques—laser flash analysis (LFA) and object-oriented finite element (OOF) analysis, respectively—were employed. To evaluate the optical properties of the coatings, two methods were adopted, namely, spectral normal hemispherical reflectivity at room temperature (SNHRRT) and spectral normal emissivity at high temperature (SNEHT). The functional performance of the coatings was evaluated on the basis of the TBC behavior under cyclic thermal loads; thermal cyclic furnace test, flame rig test, thermal swing test, and a single cylinder engine experiment were conducted. The coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) before and after the functional performance test. The coating performance was correlated to the microstructural, thermophysical, and optical properties of the coatings.

The results of this study infer that the TBC type significantly influences the thermal properties and thermal cyclic performance, which can be correlated with the porosity levels and the pore types. The complex substrate geometry of the piston resulted in inherent variations in spray angle and spray distance, leading to different coating microstructures and porosities owing to the changes in the particle trajectory and in-flight characteristics. Further, the single-cylinder engine evaluation demonstrated that the high-emissivity second TBC type or the third TBC type with a porous microstructure and a low thermal effusivity resulted in a high engine efficiency.

Abstract [sv]

En ökad effektivitet i förbränningen hos dieselmotorer krävs för att kunna uppfylla de allt högre kraven på minskad miljöpåverkan och ett minskat användande av fossila bränslen. Inget alternativt bränsle finns idag som kan producera energi som är jämförbar med den som produceras av konventionell olja, vilket förutsätter en effektiv användning av olja. Under flera decennier har termiska barriärbeläggningar (TBC) varit en lösning för att öka den termiska effektiviteten hos gasturbinmotorer. Beläggningarna har dock inte utvärderats i tillräcklig omfattning för dieselmotorer. Forskning är av detta skäl nödvändig för att skapa förutsättningar för att denna typ av beläggningar kommersiellt skall kunna tillämpas i dieselmotorer.

Syftet med detta arbete är att utforska sambandet mellan processparametrar, beläggningsmikrostruktur, termiska egenskaper och prestanda hos termiska barriärbeläggningar för dieselmotorer. Målet med arbetet är att skapa beläggningar som resulterar i hög förbränningsverkningsgrad. Olika beläggningsmaterial utvärderades och kategoriserades med olika spruttekniker. Det första materialet som utvärderades var yttriumoxidstabiliserad zirkoniumdioxid (YSZ) som sprutades med atmosfärisk plasmassprutning (APS). Denna beläggning användes som referensprov. Det andra materialet var en vidareutveckling av den första beläggningen där porositet i beläggningen skapades med hjälp av ett tillsatsmaterial, vilket resulterade i beläggningar med hög porositet. Den tredje typen var en så kallad kolumnär mikrosstrukturbeläggning som skapades med suspensionsplasmasprutning (SPS) och tillsatsmaterialet YSZ. SPS tekniken valdes även för gadoliniumstabiliserad zirkoniumdioxid. Anledningen till att tekniken SPS utvärderades var att denna teknik i gasturbinapplikationer visat sig kapabel till att producera ett stort antal olika typer av mikrostrukturer. Den fjärde typen av beläggning som utvärderades var ett SPS producerat beläggningssystem där ytterligare ett så kallat toppskikt som tätskikt sprutades.

Prestanda och egenskaper utvärderades för samtliga skapade beläggningar genom såväl experimentella tekniker som modellering där laser flash analysis (LFA) och finita elementanalys är exempel. För att utvärdera beläggningarnas optiska egenskaper användes två metoder, spektral normal hemisfärisk reflektivitet vid rumstemperatur (SNHRRT) och spektral normal emissivitet vid hög temperatur (SNEHT). Beläggningarnas livslängd utvärderades indirekt med hjälp av termisk utmattning i ugn, termisk utmattning med förbränningslåga och med ett motorexperiment. Beläggningarnas mikrostruktur analyserades genom svepelektronmikroskopi (SEM) före och efter prestandautvärderingarna. Beläggningsprestanda korrelerades därefter till beläggningarnas mikrostruktur, termiska och optiska egenskaper samt de funktionella egenskaperna.

Resultaten av studien visar att valet av TBC-typ signifikant påverkar de termiska egenskaperna och de termiska utmattningsegenskaperna, och att dessa skillnader kan korreleras med porositetsnivåerna och portyperna i beläggningarnas mikrostruktur. Motorkolvens komplexa substratgeometri orsakade variationer i sprutvinkel och sprutavstånd, vilket ledde till olika beläggningsmikrostrukturer på kolvens olika ytor. Motorutvärderingen visade att den andra TBC-typen med hög emissivitet och den tredje TBC-typen med en porös mikrostruktur och en låg termisk effusivitet resulterade i hög motoreffektivitet.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Trollhättan: University West, 2022. p. 107
Series
PhD Thesis: University West ; 49
Keywords
Thermal Barrier Coatings; Suspension Plasma Spraying; Gadolinium Zirconate; Internal Combustion Engines; Engine Efficiency, Termiska barriärbeläggningar; Plasmasprutning; Suspensionssprutning; Gadolinium; Zirkoniumdioxid; Förbränningsmotorer; Motoreffektivitet
National Category
Manufacturing, Surface and Joining Technology
Research subject
Production Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-18369 (URN)978-91-89325-23-4 (ISBN)978-91-89325-22-7 (ISBN)
Public defence
2022-06-17, F131, Gustava Melins gata, Trollhättan, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

Delarbeten är endast i tryckt form tillgängliga och finns inte med i den elektroniska versionen.

Available from: 2022-05-25 Created: 2022-05-11 Last updated: 2022-06-21Bibliographically approved

Open Access in DiVA

fulltext(2887 kB)177 downloads
File information
File name FULLTEXT01.pdfFile size 2887 kBChecksum SHA-512
caf835638a6bcd69e4b1dd7b6b47be7b47ac5f0696b5c0a4a081c28d814b664642c67a9814ecad324434eda86f20d2699675c9813f51ea780ba28951532e2137
Type fulltextMimetype application/pdf

Other links

Publisher's full textScopus

Authority records

Uczak de Goes, WellingtonMarkocsan, NicolaieGupta, Mohit Kumar

Search in DiVA

By author/editor
Uczak de Goes, WellingtonMarkocsan, NicolaieGupta, Mohit Kumar
By organisation
Division of Subtractive and Additive Manufacturing
In the same journal
Journal of thermal spray technology (Print)
Energy Engineering

Search outside of DiVA

GoogleGoogle Scholar
Total: 177 downloads
The number of downloads is the sum of all downloads of full texts. It may include eg previous versions that are now no longer available

doi
urn-nbn

Altmetric score

doi
urn-nbn
Total: 123 hits
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf