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Additive Manufacturing using Alloy 718 Powder: Influence of Laser Metal Deposition Process Parameters on Microstructural Characteristics
University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of Manufacturing Processes. (PTW)ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1472-5489
2015 (English)Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Additive manufacturing (AM) is a general name used for production methodswhich have the capabilities of producing components directly from 3D computeraided design (CAD) data by adding material layer-by-layer until a final component is achieved. Included here are powder bed technologies, laminated object manufacturing and deposition technologies. The latter technology is used in this study.Laser metal deposition using powder as an additive (LMD-p) is an AM processwhich uses a multi-axis computer numerical control (CNC) machine or robot toguide the laser beam and powder nozzle over the deposition surface. Thecomponent is built by depositing adjacent beads layer by layer until thecomponent is completed. LMD-p has lately gained attention as a manufacturing method which can add features to semi-finished components or as a repair method. LMD-p introduce a low heat input compared to arc welding methods and is therefore well suited in applications where a low heat input is of an essence. For instance, in repair of sensitive parts where too much heating compromises the integrity of the part.The main part of this study has been focused on correlating the main processparameters to effects found in the material which in this project is the superalloy Alloy 718. It has been found that the most influential process parameters are the laser power, scanning speed, powder feeding rate and powder standoff distance and that these parameters has a significant effect on the dimensionalcharacteristics of the material such as height and width of a single deposit as wellas the straightness of the top surface and the penetration depth.To further understand the effects found in the material, temperaturemeasurements has been conducted using a temperature measurement methoddeveloped and evaluated in this project. This method utilizes a thin stainless steel sheet to shield the thermocouple from the laser light. This has proved to reduce the influence of the emitted laser light on the thermocouples.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Trollhättan: University West , 2015. , p. 97
Series
Licentiate Thesis: University West ; 8
Keywords [en]
Additive manufacturing, Laser metal deposition, powder, superalloy
National Category
Manufacturing, Surface and Joining Technology
Research subject
Production Technology; ENGINEERING, Manufacturing and materials engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-8796ISBN: 978-91-87531-24-8 (print)ISBN: 978-91-87531-25-5 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hv-8796DiVA, id: diva2:882458
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2015-12-15 Created: 2015-12-14 Last updated: 2023-04-05Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Review of Laser Deposited Superalloys Using Powder as an Additive
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Review of Laser Deposited Superalloys Using Powder as an Additive
2014 (English)In: 8th International Symposium on Superalloy 718 and Derivatives: Conference Proceedings / [ed] Ott, E., Banik, A., Andersson, J., Dempster, I., Gabb, T., Groh, J., Heck, K., Helmink, R., Liu, X. & Wusatowska-Sarnek, A, John Wiley & Sons, 2014, p. 393-408Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
John Wiley & Sons, 2014
Keywords
Laser, Deposition, Additive manufacturing, Powder, Nickel, Nickel-iron, Superalloy
National Category
Metallurgy and Metallic Materials
Research subject
ENGINEERING, Manufacturing and materials engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-7186 (URN)10.1002/9781119016854.fmatter (DOI)000374558400031 ()2-s2.0-84923070258 (Scopus ID)978-1-119-01680-9 (ISBN)9781119016854 (ISBN)
Conference
8th International Symposium on Superalloy 718 and Derivatives, TMS (The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society) September 28-October 1, 2014, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA,
Available from: 2014-12-17 Created: 2014-12-17 Last updated: 2020-02-25Bibliographically approved
2. Economical Viability of Laser Metal Deposition
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Economical Viability of Laser Metal Deposition
2014 (English)In: Proceedings of the 6th International Swedish Production Symposium 2014 / [ed] Stahre, Johan, Johansson, Björn & Björkman, Mats, 2014, p. 1-8Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Reports on large economic savings using Additive Manufacturing (AM) has been found in literature when exploiting the positive capabilities of AM. This paper evaluates the economic potential of, the AM method, laser metal deposition (LMD) in production of add-on features compared to conventional manufacturing methods. This is done by theoretical case studies, which explore factors critical to the cost of manufacturing a jet engine flange. LMD has the potential to be an economical viable alternative to conventional manufacturing methods when the manufactured component has a high buy-to-fly ratio, the component is small and complex, if the operator time can be kept to a minimum, and/or when the design freedom of LMD can be capitalized into lighter and more efficient components.

Keywords
Laser metal deposition, additive manufacturing, economic, aerospace
National Category
Manufacturing, Surface and Joining Technology Business Administration
Research subject
ENGINEERING, Manufacturing and materials engineering; Production Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-6835 (URN)978-91-980974-1-2 (ISBN)
Conference
The 6th Swedish Production Symposium
Available from: 2014-10-14 Created: 2014-10-14 Last updated: 2019-12-02Bibliographically approved
3. Evaluation of a temperature measurement method developed for laser metal deposition
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Evaluation of a temperature measurement method developed for laser metal deposition
2017 (English)In: Science and technology of welding and joining, ISSN 1362-1718, E-ISSN 1743-2936, Vol. 22, no 1, p. 1-6Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Measuring temperatures in the material during laser metal deposition (LMD) has an inherent challenge caused by the laser. When thermocouples are radiated by the high intensity laser light overheating occurs which causes the thermocouple to fail. Another identified difficulty is that when the laser passes a thermocouple, emitted light heats the thermocouple to a higher temperature than the material actually experience. In order to cope with these challenges, a method of measuring temperatures during LMD of materials using protective sheets has been developed and evaluated as presented in this paper. The method has substantially decreased the risk of destroying the thermocouple wires during laser deposition. Measurements using 10 mm2 and 100 mm2 protective sheets have been compared. These measurements show small variations in the cooling time (∼0.1 s from 850°C to 500°C) between the small and large protective sheets which indicate a negligible effect on the temperature measurement. © 2016 Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining.

Keywords
Laser metal deposition, additive manufacturing, powder, Alloy 718, temperature measurement
National Category
Manufacturing, Surface and Joining Technology
Research subject
Production Technology; ENGINEERING, Manufacturing and materials engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-8803 (URN)10.1080/13621718.2016.1169363 (DOI)000387910300001 ()2-s2.0-84978471771 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Swedish National Space Board
Note

Ingår i lic.avhandling

Available from: 2015-12-15 Created: 2015-12-15 Last updated: 2023-04-05Bibliographically approved

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Segerstark, Andreas

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