Elastic thickness (Te) is a parameter representing the lithospheric strength with respect to the loading. Those places, having large values of elastic thickness, flexes less. In this paper, the on-orbit measured gravitational gradients of the Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) mission are used for determining the elastic thickness over Africa. A forward computational method is developed based on the Vening Meinesz-Moritz (VMM) and flexural theories of isostasy to find a mathematical relation between the second-order derivative of the Earth’s gravity field measured by the GOCE satellite and mechanical properties of the lithosphere. The loading of topography and bathymetry, sediments and crystalline masses are computed from CRUST1.0, in addition to estimates of laterally-variable density of the upper mantle, Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio. The second-order radial derivatives of the gravitational potential are synthesised from the crustal model and different a priori values of elastic thickness to find which one matches the GOCE on-orbit gradient. This method is developed in terms of spherical harmonics and performed at any point along the GOCE orbit without using any planar approximation. Our map of Te over Africa shows that the intra-continental hotspots and volcanoes, such as Ahaggar, Tibesti, Darfur, Cameroon volcanic line and Libya are connected by corridors of low Te. The high values of Te are mainly associated with the cratonic areas of Congo, Chad and the Western African basin.