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Ferreira Magalhães, Ana CatarinaORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0003-3261-9097
Alternative names
Publications (10 of 10) Show all publications
Ferreira Magalhães, A. C. (2020). Thermoelectric Measurements for Temperature Control of Robotic Friction Stir Welding. (Doctoral dissertation). Trollhättan: University West
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Thermoelectric Measurements for Temperature Control of Robotic Friction Stir Welding
2020 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Friction stir welding (FSW) has undergone a rapid expansion in several industrial sectors such as in the aerospace, marine, railway and automotive sectors. Current industrial applications are mainly simple long straight welds, but there is a growth of interest in components with higher geometric complexity. However, welding of geometrically complex components represents a challenging task due to the resulting uneven induced thermal dissipation along the weld, but especially due to the need for suitable equipment, able to accurately follow a complex 3D path under high mechanical loads, while managing the machine deflection. This is the case for robots, where the high process forces result in deflections, which affects robots' compliance, leading to weld failures and poor consistency in mechanical properties.

In the presented approach, the rotational speed is controlled during welding in order to maintain the set temperature value along the weld. An innovative method to measure the process temperature, the tool-workpiece thermocouple (TWT), which offers a temperature estimation from the whole tool-workpiece interface (TWT-data), is set as the controlled variable. The overall aim of this thesis is then to demonstrate the industrial applicability of TWT temperature control for joining geometrically complex components using robotic friction stir welding.

The TWT-data signal is demonstrated to be fast, repeatable and representative of the welding temperature. Moreover, TWT-data supplies online information during the whole weld procedure, especially during plunging. The shoulder contact with the workpiece is identified by TWT-data, providing for an improved plunging operation, which was demonstrated to significantly improve the use of robotic FSW, overcoming the lack of stiffness inherent to this equipment type at this welding stage.

Improved joint performance, low tensile strength variation along the weld path and a reduced number of failed welds were achieved by welding under temperature control. As a result, such a welding approach simplifies the development of a welding procedure, allowing for a decrease in time and material. The concept was successfully validated by performing two welds consisting of two dissimilar materials in a two-dimensional weld path on a geometrically complex component by using robotic equipment. The temperature control approach is not limited to robotic equipment, but also suitable for standard FSW equipment, being of interest to a various range of applications where quality and/or time is an important factor.

Abstract [sv]

Friktionsomrörningssvetsning (FSW) genomgår en snabb industriell utveckling inom bland andra flyg-, marin-, järnvägs- och fordonssektorn, speciellt i aluminium. Aktuella industriella tillämpningar har hittills huvudsakligen varit enkla långa raka svetsar, men intresset för komponenter med högre geometrisk komplexitet ökar. Sådana komponenter utgör en utmanande uppgift på grund avvarierande inducerad termisk spridning längs med fogen, och särskilt på grund av behovet av lämplig utrustning, som kan följa en 3D-svetsbana. Detta gäller speciellt när verktyget monteras på en industrirobot, där höga processkrafter resulterar i böjning, vilka kan leda till svetsfel och sämre mekaniska egenskaper. Utgångspunkten i detta arbete är att temperaturen i verktygets kontakt med materialet har störst betydelse för fogkvaliteten.

I det presenterade tillvägagångssättet styrs rotationshastigheten under svetsningen för att bibehålla önskad temperatur längs svetsen. En innovativ temperaturmätmetod baserad på termoelektrisk effekt mellan verktyg och arbetsstycke (TWT) erbjuder en skattning av temperaturen från hela gränssnittet mellan verktyg och arbetsstycke (TWT-data). Denna temperaturskattning används som den styrda variabeln. Det övergripande syftet med denna avhandling är att visa att styrning baserad på TWT-data är industriellt användbar för att bibehålla fogegenskaper vid fogning av geometriskt komplexa komponenter med hjälp av friktionsomröringssvetsning.

TWT-data visar sig vara ett snabbt, repeterbart och genomförbart sätt att få en representativ realtidsskattning av fogens temperatur under hela processen. Som sådan är den lämplig för skattning av processtemperaturen och styrning av processen. TWT-data tillhandahåller information även under startskedet och identifierar när verktyget pressas mot arbetsstycket, och speciellt när verktygets skuldra får kontakt med arbetsstycket. Denna information ger en förbättrad startprocedur, vilket är viktigt speciellt vid robotisering, eftersom robotens vekhet påverkar verktygets z-position.

Svetsning under temperaturreglering gav förbättrad fogprestanda, låg draghållfasthetsvariation längs fogen och ett reducerat antal misslyckade svetsar, och förväntas förenkla utvecklingen av en svetsprocedur, vilket möjliggör en minskning av tid och material.

Konceptet validerades framgångsrikt genom att svetsa en komponent bestående av två olika fogar med en tvådimensionell svetsbana i en geometriskt komplexkomponent med hjälp av robotutrustning. Tillvägagångssättet för temperaturstyrning är inte begränsat till robotutrustning, utan också lämpligt för standard FSW-utrustning, vilket är av intresse för olika applikationer där kvalitet och tid är viktiga faktor.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Trollhättan: University West, 2020. p. 110
Series
PhD Thesis: University West ; 33
Keywords
Friction stir welding, Aluminium, Temperature measurements, Process control, Robotics, Geometrically complex components, Friktionsomrörningssvetsning, Aluminium, temperaturmätning, Processstyrning, Robotik, Geometriskt komplexa komponenter
National Category
Manufacturing, Surface and Joining Technology
Research subject
Production Technology; ENGINEERING, Manufacturing and materials engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-14982 (URN)978-91-88847-48-5 (ISBN)978-91-88847-47-8 (ISBN)
Public defence
2020-02-25, Albertssalen, 09:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2020-02-26 Created: 2020-02-26 Last updated: 2020-02-26Bibliographically approved
Ferreira Magalhães, A. C., Cederqvist, L., De Backer, J., Håkansson, E., Ossiansson, B. & Bolmsjö, G. (2019). A Friction Stir Welding case study using Temperature Controlled Robotics with a HPDC Cylinder Block and dissimilar materials joining. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 46, 177-184
Open this publication in new window or tab >>A Friction Stir Welding case study using Temperature Controlled Robotics with a HPDC Cylinder Block and dissimilar materials joining
Show others...
2019 (English)In: Journal of Manufacturing Processes, ISSN 1526-6125, Vol. 46, p. 177-184Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The automotive industry is going through a radical transformation from combustion engines to fully electric propulsion, aiming at improving key performance indicators related to efficiency, environmental sustainability and economic competitiveness. In this transition period, it is important to continue the innovation of combustion engines for e.g. plug-in hybrid vehicles. This led Volvo Cars to pursue radically new manufacturing processes such as Friction Stir Welding (FSW). The work presented in this paper is a case study whereby feasibility of using FSW to join a reinforcement element into the aluminium casted Cylinder Block was studied. The complex geometry of the joint required a flexible five-axis manipulator, i.e. an industrial robot, as well as advanced process control, i.e. temperature feedback control, in order to maintain a consistent weld quality throughout the whole component. The process was successfully demonstrated in a lab environment and offers a cost-efficient solution while maintaining the durability and higher efficiency. The outcome of this study shows the great potential of implementing the FSW process in combination with High Pressure Die Casted components, such a Cylinder Block. © 2019 The Society of Manufacturing Engineers

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2019
Keywords
Aluminum; Automotive industry; Benchmarking; Casting; Combustion; Competition; Cylinder blocks; Dissimilar materials; Efficiency; Friction; Friction stir welding; Industrial manipulators; Intelligent control; Manipulators; Plug-in hybrid vehicles; Research laboratories; Robots; Sustainable development; Temperature control, Advanced Process Control; Automotive; Economic competitiveness; Environmental sustainability; Friction stir welding(FSW); Key performance indicators; Manufacturing process; Radical transformation, Process control
National Category
Manufacturing, Surface and Joining Technology Robotics and automation
Research subject
ENGINEERING, Manufacturing and materials engineering; Production Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-14487 (URN)10.1016/j.jmapro.2019.08.012 (DOI)000493221100017 ()2-s2.0-85072050179 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2019-10-01 Created: 2019-10-01 Last updated: 2025-02-05Bibliographically approved
Ferreira Magalhães, A. C., De Backer, J., Martin, J. P. & Bolmsjö, G. (2019). In-situ temperature measurement in friction stir welding of thick section aluminium alloys. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 39, 12-17
Open this publication in new window or tab >>In-situ temperature measurement in friction stir welding of thick section aluminium alloys
2019 (English)In: Journal of Manufacturing Processes, ISSN 1526-6125, Vol. 39, p. 12-17Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Friction stir welding (FSW) is a reliable joining technology with a wide industrial uptake. However, several fundamentals of the process such as the temperature inside the stirred zone of the weld and its influence on mechanical properties, are not yet fully understood. This paper shows a method for accurate temperature measurements in multiple locations around the tool, to identify the location of the peak temperature, the temperature variations between the advancing and the retreating side of the tool and its relation to the tool geometry. Both standardised thermocouples in the FSW tool and the novel "tool-workpiece thermocouple" method were used to record temperatures.Bead-on-plate welds in 20 mm thickness AA6082-T6 were produced while the temperatures were measured in three locations on the FSW tool: at the shoulder outer diameter, at the transition from shoulder to probe and at the probe tip. It was found that the hottest point in the stirred zone was 607 °C and was located at the transition between the shoulder and probe, on the retreating-trailing side of the tool. The lowest temperature was found at the probe tip on the retreating-leading side of the tool.The results offer a better understanding of the temperature distribution around a FSW tool. The method presented can be applied to verification of thermal simulation models, tool design optimization, quality assurance and temperature feedback control.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2019
Keywords
Friction stir welding, Temperature measurement, Aluminium alloys, Thick section, Thermocouple, TWT
National Category
Manufacturing, Surface and Joining Technology
Research subject
ENGINEERING, Manufacturing and materials engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-13705 (URN)10.1016/j.jmapro.2019.02.001 (DOI)000464296700002 ()2-s2.0-85061529967 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Region Västra Götaland, RUN 612-0254-15Knowledge Foundation, 20140130Swedish Agency for Economic and Regional Growth, 20200328
Available from: 2019-03-06 Created: 2019-03-06 Last updated: 2020-02-26Bibliographically approved
Ferreira Magalhães, A. C., De Backer, J. & Bolmsjö, G. (2019). Thermal dissipation effect on temperature-controlled friction stir welding: [Efeito da dissipação térmica inducida durante soldadura por friçcão linear sob controlo de temperatura]. Soldagem & Inspeção, 24, Article ID e2428.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Thermal dissipation effect on temperature-controlled friction stir welding: [Efeito da dissipação térmica inducida durante soldadura por friçcão linear sob controlo de temperatura]
2019 (English)In: Soldagem & Inspeção, ISSN 0104-9224, E-ISSN 1980-6973, Vol. 24, article id e2428Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

During Friction Stir Welding (FSW) of complex geometries, the thermal dissipation, induced by geometric features or the surrounding environment, may strongly affect the final weld quality. In order to guarantee a consistent weld quality for different conditions, in-process welding parameter adaptation is needed. This paper studies the effect of thermal dissipation, induced by the backing bar thermal conductivity, on the weld temperature and the temperature controller response to it. A new temperature sensor solution, the Tool-Workpiece Thermocouple (TWT) method, was applied to acquire online temperature measurements during welding. An FSW-robot equipped with temperature control, achieved by rotation speed adaptation, was used. AA7075-T6 lap joints were performed with and without temperature control. The cooling rate during welding was register plus macrographs and tensile tests were assessed. The controller demonstrated a fast response promoting the heat input necessary to maintain the set welding temperature. The results demonstrated that temperature control using the TWT method is suitable to achieve higher joint performance and provides a fast setup of optimal parameters for different environments. © 2019, Universidade Federal de Uberlandia. All rights reserved.

Keywords
Aluminum alloys; Controllers; Cooling; Friction; Research laboratories; Temperature control; Temperature measurement; Temperature sensors; Tensile testing; Thermal conductivity; Thermoanalysis; Thermocouples; Welds, Cooling rates; Friction stir welding(FSW); Online temperature measurement; Surrounding environment; Temperature controllers; Thermal dissipation; TWT method; Welding temperatures, Friction stir welding
National Category
Manufacturing, Surface and Joining Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-14999 (URN)10.1590/0104-9224/SI24.28 (DOI)000510209200001 ()2-s2.0-85078163111 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Region Västra Götaland, RUN 612-0254-15European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), No. 20200328
Available from: 2020-02-22 Created: 2020-02-22 Last updated: 2020-02-26
Bolmsjö, G., Ferreira Magalhães, A. C., Cederqvist, L. & De Backer, J. (2018). Robotic Friction Stir Welding of complex geometry and mixed materials. In: 50th International Symposium on Robotics, ISR 2018: . Paper presented at 50th International Symposium on Robotics, ISR 2018; Messe Munchen East EntranceMunich; Germany; 20 June 2018 through 21 June 2018 (pp. 35-41). VDE Verlag GmbH
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Robotic Friction Stir Welding of complex geometry and mixed materials
2018 (English)In: 50th International Symposium on Robotics, ISR 2018, VDE Verlag GmbH , 2018, p. 35-41Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid state process for joining materials which has demonstrated advantages compares with other methods which include joining of mixed materials, hard to weld alloys and consistent and high quality. This paper presents a study of robotic FSW initiated by Volvo Skövde plant to join an insert workpiece of extruded aluminium with a cylinder block of aluminium casting. A three-stage procedure was decided to determine the feasibility to apply robotic FSW. The stages included study of welding the mixed materials, weld along the complex joint line with holes and channels close to the joint, and finally welding the cylinder block. The results based on preliminary analysis indicate that the final tests were successful and the process is feasible for the challenging case study. However, further studies are recommended in order to identify the operating parameters window, tool design, and control of the process in order to optimize productivity and quality. © VDE VERLAG GMBH

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
VDE Verlag GmbH, 2018
Keywords
Aluminum castings, Cylinder blocks, Cylinders (shapes), Die casting inserts, Friction, Joining, Quality control, Research laboratories, Robotics, Welds, Complex geometries, Friction stir welding(FSW), Joining materials, Mixed materials, Operating parameters, Preliminary analysis, Robotic friction stir welding, Solid-state process, Friction stir welding
National Category
Manufacturing, Surface and Joining Technology
Research subject
ENGINEERING, Manufacturing and materials engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-13431 (URN)2-s2.0-85059384869 (Scopus ID)978-3-8007-4699-6 (ISBN)
Conference
50th International Symposium on Robotics, ISR 2018; Messe Munchen East EntranceMunich; Germany; 20 June 2018 through 21 June 2018
Available from: 2019-01-21 Created: 2019-01-21 Last updated: 2020-02-26Bibliographically approved
Silva, A., De Backer, J. & Bolmsjö, G. (2017). Temperature measurements during friction stir welding. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 88(9-12), 2899-2908
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Temperature measurements during friction stir welding
2017 (English)In: The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, ISSN 0268-3768, E-ISSN 1433-3015, Vol. 88, no 9-12, p. 2899-2908Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The increasing industrial demand for lighter, more complex and multi-material components supports the development of novel joining processes with increased automation and process control. Friction stir welding (FSW) is such a process and has seen a fast development in several industries.This welding technique gives the opportunity of automation and online feedback control, allowing automatic adaptation to environmental and geometrical variations of the component.Weld temperature is related to the weld quality and therefore proposed to be used for feedback control. For this purpose, accurate temperature measurements are required. This paper presents an overview of temperature measurement methods applied to the FSW process. Three methods were evaluated in this work: thermocouples embedded in the tool, thermocouples embedded in the workpiece and the tool-workpiece thermocouple(TWT) method. The results show that TWT is an accurate and fast method suitable for feedback control of FSW.

Keywords
Friction stir welding, TWT method, temperature, aluminium, thermocouples
National Category
Manufacturing, Surface and Joining Technology
Research subject
ENGINEERING, Manufacturing and materials engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-9531 (URN)10.1007/s00170-016-9007-4 (DOI)000394323600047 ()2-s2.0-84973646335 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Region Västra Götaland, RUN 612-0254-15
Note

Funders: Swedish Agency for Economic and Regional Growth through European Regional Development Fund, 20200328

Available from: 2016-07-08 Created: 2016-07-08 Last updated: 2020-02-26Bibliographically approved
Silva, A., De Backer, J. & Bolmsjö, G. (2016). Analysis of Plunge and Dwell Parameters of Robotic FSW Using TWT Temperature Feedback Control. In: Proceedings of 11th International Symposium on Friction Stir Welding: . Paper presented at 11th International Symposium on Friction Stir Welding, Cambridge, UK, 17-19 May, 2016 (pp. 1-11). Cambridge, UK
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Analysis of Plunge and Dwell Parameters of Robotic FSW Using TWT Temperature Feedback Control
2016 (English)In: Proceedings of 11th International Symposium on Friction Stir Welding, Cambridge, UK, 2016, p. 1-11Conference paper, Published paper (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Friction stir welding (FSW) and variants of the process have generated high interest in many industries due to its several advantages such as low distortion, superior mechanical properties over arc welding and the possibility of joining dissimilar materials. Increased complexity of industrial applications require a better control of the welding process in order to guarantee a consistent weld quality. This can be achieved by implementing feedback control based on sensor measurements. Previous studies have demonstrated a direct effect of weld temperature on the mechanical properties of FSW joints, [1], and therefore, temperature is chosen as primary process variable in this study.A new method for temperature measurement in FSW referred to as the Tool-WorkpieceThermocouple (TWT) method has recently been developed by De Backer. The TWT method is based on thermoelectric effect and allows accurate, fast and industrially suitable temperature monitoring during welding, without the need for thermocouples inside the tool [2].This paper presents an application of the TWT method for optimisation of the initial weld phases, plunge and dwell, operation in conventional FSW, which can also be applied to friction stir spot welding (FSSW). An analysis of the operation parameters by using feedback temperature control is presented aiming to better control of the initial weld phases through temperature feedback.

The introduction of the TWT temperature sensor provides additional process information during welding. Fast data acquisition gives opportunity to differentiate different process phases: contact of probe tip with workpiece surface; plunge phase; dwell phase. This would be followed by tool retraction for FSSW or tool traverse phase for FSW.The effect of the plunge parameters on weld temperature and duration of each phase were studied for the purpose of optimising the process with respect to process (i) robustness, (ii)time, (iii) robot deflection and (iv) quality. By using temperature feedback, it is possible to control the plunge phase to reach a predefined weld temperature, avoiding overheating of the material, which is known to have a detrimental influence on mechanical properties. The work presented in this paper is an important step in the optimization of robotic FSSW and FSW.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Cambridge, UK: , 2016
Keywords
Plunging, Friction Stir Spot Welding, Temperature, TWT, Robot
National Category
Manufacturing, Surface and Joining Technology
Research subject
ENGINEERING, Manufacturing and materials engineering; Production Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-9530 (URN)
Conference
11th International Symposium on Friction Stir Welding, Cambridge, UK, 17-19 May, 2016
Available from: 2016-07-08 Created: 2016-07-08 Last updated: 2020-02-26Bibliographically approved
Magalhães, A. (2016). Thermo-electric temperature measurements in friction stir welding: Towards feedback control of temperature. (Licentiate dissertation). Trollhättan: University West
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Thermo-electric temperature measurements in friction stir welding: Towards feedback control of temperature
2016 (English)Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Friction Stir Welding has seen a fast uptake in many industry segments. Mechanical properties superior to fusion welding, the ability to weld "unweldable" aluminium alloys and low distortion are often described as the main reasons for the fast industrial implementation of FSW. Most existing applications consist of long straight welding joints. Applications with complex weld geometries, however, are rarely produced by FSW. These geometries can induce thermal variations during the welding process, thus making it challenging to maintain a consistent weld quality. In-process adaptation of weld parameters to respond to geometrical variations and other environmental variants allow new design opportunities for FSW. Weld quality has been shown to be reliant on the welding temperature. However, the optimal methodology to control the temperature is still under development.The research work presented in this thesis focuses on some steps to take in order to reach the improvement of the FSW temperature controller, thus reach a better and consistent weld quality. In the present work different temperature methods were evaluated. Temperature measurements acquired by the tool-workpiece thermocouple (TWT) method were accurate and fast, and thereby enhanced suitable for the controller. Different environmental conditions influencing the material heat dissipation were imposed in order to verify the controller effect on the joint quality. In comparison with no controlled weld, the use of the controller enabled a fast optimization of welding parameters for the different conditions, leading to an improvement of the mechanical properties of the joint.For short weld lengths, such as stitch welds, the initial plunge and dwell stages occupy a large part of the total process time. In this work temperature control was applied during these stages. This approach makes the plunge and dwell stages more robust by preventing local material overheating, which could lead to a tool meltdown. The TWT method was demonstrated to allow a good process control during plunging and continuous welding. The approach proposed for control offers weld quality consistency and improvement. Also, it allows a reduction of the time required for the development of optimal parameters, providing a fast adaptation to disturbances during welding and, by decreasing the plunge time, provides a significant decrease on the process time for short welds.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Trollhättan: University West, 2016. p. 62
Series
Licentiate Thesis: University West ; 13
Keywords
FSW, Robotic, Temperature, TWT, Plunge, Control
National Category
Robotics and automation
Research subject
Production Technology; ENGINEERING, Manufacturing and materials engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-9982 (URN)978-91-87531-43-9 (ISBN)978-91-87531-42-2 (ISBN)
Supervisors
Available from: 2016-11-09 Created: 2016-10-12 Last updated: 2025-02-09Bibliographically approved
Silva, A., De Backer, J. & Bolmsjö, G. (2015). Cooling rate effect on temperature controlled FSW process. In: : . Paper presented at IIW International Conference High-Strength Materials - Challenges and Applications, 2-3 July 2015, Helsinki, Finland, Helsingfors, 2015 (pp. 1-5). Helsinki, Finland
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Cooling rate effect on temperature controlled FSW process
2015 (English)Conference paper, Oral presentation only (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

A continuous trend towards more demanding jointgeometries is imposed across various manufacturingindustries. During Friction Stir Welding (FSW) of suchcomplex geometries, the surrounding environment playsan important role on the final weld quality, especially inthermal aspects. In order to guarantee a consistent weldquality for different conditions, in-process weldingparameter adaptation is needed.This paper studies the effect of the cooling rate onmechanical properties for temperature controlled FSW byusing different backing bar materials. A new temperaturesensor solution, the Tool-Workpiece Thermocouple(TWT) method [1], was applied to measure thetemperature during welding. A FSW-robot equipped withtemperature and force feedback control was used, whererotation speed was varied to maintain a constant weldingtemperature. AA7075-T6 lap joints were performed withand without temperature control. The cooling rate duringwelding was acquired and macrographs and mechanicalproperties were evaluated for each weld. The rotationspeed offered a fast response promoting the heat inputnecessary to weld at the set temperature. Temperaturecontrolled welds presented a better behaviour undertensile loads. The results prove that temperature controlusing the TWT method is suitable to achieve higher jointquality and provides a fast setup of optimal parameters fordifferent environments.The work presented is an important step in the processoptimization through feedback control which willconsider not only the operational parameters of theprocess as such but also the resulting quality of the joint.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Helsinki, Finland: , 2015
Keywords
Friction Stir weld, Cooling rate, TWT method, Temperature control, Aluminium alloy
National Category
Manufacturing, Surface and Joining Technology
Research subject
ENGINEERING, Manufacturing and materials engineering; Production Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-9120 (URN)
Conference
IIW International Conference High-Strength Materials - Challenges and Applications, 2-3 July 2015, Helsinki, Finland, Helsingfors, 2015
Available from: 2016-02-25 Created: 2016-02-25 Last updated: 2020-01-17Bibliographically approved
Silva, A., De Backer, J. & Bolmsjö, G. (2015). TWT method for temperature measurement during FSW process. In: The 4th international Conference on scientific and technical advances on friction stir welding & processing: . Paper presented at The 4th international Conference on scientific and technical advances on friction stir welding & processing October 1-2, 2015 (pp. 95-98). San Sebastian, Spain
Open this publication in new window or tab >>TWT method for temperature measurement during FSW process
2015 (English)In: The 4th international Conference on scientific and technical advances on friction stir welding & processing, San Sebastian, Spain, 2015, p. 95-98Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Friction stir weld (FSW) has generated a high interest in many industry segments in the past 20 years. Along with new industrial challenges, more complex geometries and high quality demands, a better control of the welding process is required. New approaches using temperature controlled welding have been proposed and revealed good results. However, few temperature measurement methods exist which are accurate, fast and industrially suitable. A new and simple sensor solution, the Tool-Workpiece Thermocouple (TWT) method, based on the thermoelectric effect was recently developed.This paper presents a calibration solution for the TWT method where the TWT temperature is compared to calibrated thermocouples inside the tool. The correspondence between both methods is shown. Furthermore, a calibration strategy in different aluminium alloys is proposed, which is based on plunge iterations. This allows accurate temperature monitoring during welding, without the need for thermocouples inside the tool.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
San Sebastian, Spain: , 2015
Keywords
Friction stir welding, TWT method, Temperature measurements, Aluminium alloys
National Category
Manufacturing, Surface and Joining Technology
Research subject
ENGINEERING, Manufacturing and materials engineering; Production Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-9122 (URN)
Conference
The 4th international Conference on scientific and technical advances on friction stir welding & processing October 1-2, 2015
Available from: 2016-02-25 Created: 2016-02-25 Last updated: 2020-01-17Bibliographically approved
Organisations
Identifiers
ORCID iD: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0003-3261-9097

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