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Dåderman, A. M. & Kajonius, P. J. (2024). Linking grandiose and vulnerable narcissism to managerial work performance, through the lens of core personality traits and social desirability. Scientific Reports, 14(1), Article ID 12213.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Linking grandiose and vulnerable narcissism to managerial work performance, through the lens of core personality traits and social desirability
2024 (English)In: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 14, no 1, article id 12213Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

While grandiose narcissism is well-studied, vulnerable narcissism remains largely unexplored in the workplace context. Our study aimed to compare grandiose and vulnerable narcissism among managers and people from the general population. Within the managerial sample, our objective was to examine how these traits diverge concerning core personality traits and socially desirable responses. Furthermore, we endeavored to explore their associations with individual managerial performance, encompassing task performance, contextual performance, and counterproductive work behavior (CWB). Involving a pool of managerial participants (N = 344), we found that compared to the general population, managers exhibited higher levels of grandiose narcissism and lower levels of vulnerable narcissism. While both narcissistic variants had a minimal correlation (r = .02) with each other, they differentially predicted work performance. Notably, grandiose narcissism did not significantly predict any work performance dimension, whereas vulnerable narcissism, along with neuroticism, predicted higher CWB and lower task performance. Conscientiousness emerged as the strongest predictor of task performance. This study suggests that organizations might not benefit from managers with vulnerable narcissism. Understanding these distinct narcissistic variants offers insights into their impacts on managerial performance in work settings.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2024
Keywords
Narcissism (SD3, HSNS), HEXACO (Mini-IPIP6), Individual work performance (IWPQ), Socially desirable responding (BIDR 6)
National Category
Psychiatry Applied Psychology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-21684 (URN)10.1038/s41598-024-60202-7 (DOI)
Note

CC-BY 4.0

Available from: 2024-05-31 Created: 2024-05-31 Last updated: 2024-05-31
Streckert, N., Kurtz, L. & Kajonius, P. (2023). Can your darkness be measured?: Analyzing the full and brief version of the Dark Factor of Personality in Swedish. International Journal of Testing, 23(3), 145-189
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Can your darkness be measured?: Analyzing the full and brief version of the Dark Factor of Personality in Swedish
2023 (English)In: International Journal of Testing, ISSN 1530-5058, E-ISSN 1532-7574, Vol. 23, no 3, p. 145-189Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The Dark Factor of Personality (D) measures the latent core of antagonistic traits. The present study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the full (D70) and the brief (D16) versions, concerning structural validity, item information, and convergent validity. An online sample (N = 294) was analyzed using CFA (Maximum Likelihood Estimation), IRT (Graded Response Model) and SEM (latent correlations). Firstly, the original theorized bifactor model for D70 and a single-factor model for D16 showed good fit to the data. Moreover, new reliability-analyses based on FD and H indicated that the D70 favorably can be collapsed into a unidimensional measure, which is further discussed. Secondly, the IRT-analyses present valid item quality and functioning and showed that items provide the most information on trait levels above mean levels. Lastly, convergent SEM-analyses showed that D had high latent trait correlations to psychopathy and Machiavellianism, but not to narcissism. The correlations with the Big Six personality factors (mini-IPIP6) yielded expected high correlations with Agreeableness and Honesty-Humility. The Swedish translation of the full D70 and brief D16 is recommended for use in future research.

Keywords
CFA, dark factor, IRF, personality
National Category
Applied Psychology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-19993 (URN)10.1080/15305058.2023.2195659 (DOI)000972048700001 ()2-s2.0-85153337145 (Scopus ID)
Note

CC-BY 4.0

Available from: 2023-06-02 Created: 2023-06-02 Last updated: 2024-05-29
Dåderman, A. M., Kajonius, P., Hallberg, A., Skog, S. & Hellström, Å. (2023). Leading with a cool head and a warm heart: trait-based leadership resources linked to task performance, perceived stress, and work engagement. Current Psychology, 42, 299559-29580
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Leading with a cool head and a warm heart: trait-based leadership resources linked to task performance, perceived stress, and work engagement
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2023 (English)In: Current Psychology, ISSN 1046-1310, E-ISSN 1936-4733, Vol. 42, p. 299559-29580Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Leaders of today need to achieve well in terms of task performance, perceiving low stress, and having high levels of work engagement. One may ask whether trait-based leadership resource factors can be identified and how such resource factors might relate to task performance, perceived stress, and work engagement. Our aim was to test the hypothesis, derived from Hobfoll’s motivational Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, that there are trait-based leadership resource factors, which are differentially correlated to the leaders’ task performance, perceived stress, and work engagement. Leaders (N = 344) aged from 23 to 65 years (M = 49, SD = 8.6; 58% women) completed an online questionnaire including measures of task performance, perceived stress, work engagement, personality traits, trait emotional intelligence, empathy, performance-related self-esteem, compassionate and rational leadership competence, and coping resources for stress. Using exploratory factor analysis, we identified four trait-based leadership resource factors. With Bonferroni adjustment, and controlling for sex, age, number of years in the current managerial position, self-deceptive enhancement, and impression management, only Rational Mastery was significantly positively correlated with task performance. Rational Mastery, Efficient Coping, and Modesty were negatively correlated with perceived stress, and all factors except Modesty, but including the fourth (Good-Heartedness) were positively correlated with work engagement. Organizations striving for sustainable work conditions should support trait-based leadership, which depends not only on a task-oriented resource such as rational mastery, but also on human-oriented resources such as efficient coping, modesty, and good-heartedness, all of them being differentially related to task performance, perceived stress, and work engagement.  

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer Nature, 2023
Keywords
Successful leadership · Trait emotional intelligence · Personality · Coping resources for stress · Empathy and compassion · Socially desirable responding
National Category
Psychology (excluding Applied Psychology)
Research subject
Work Integrated Learning
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-19437 (URN)10.1007/s12144-022-03767-8 (DOI)000886186300002 ()36468165 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85142368711 (Scopus ID)
Note

 Municipal Academy West (100127) provided funding for material preparation, data collection and data management, and University West (LINA 100314) for preparation of this article.

 This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License,

Available from: 2022-12-22 Created: 2022-12-22 Last updated: 2024-03-21
Dåderman, A. M. & Kajonius, P. (2022). An item response theory analysis of the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire Short-Form (TEIQue-SF) in the workplace. Heliyon, 8(2)
Open this publication in new window or tab >>An item response theory analysis of the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire Short-Form (TEIQue-SF) in the workplace
2022 (English)In: Heliyon, E-ISSN 2405-8440, Vol. 8, no 2Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Trait emotional intelligence (EI) predicts important outcomes in the workplace. This study is the first one that reports item and scale functioning in the workplace using item response theory (IRT) analysis of the global 30-item Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire Short-Form (TEIQue-SF). Past IRT research, performed mostly on undergraduate English-speaking students, showed that several items in TEIQue-SF were poorly informative. Data collected in Sweden from 972 employed persons were analyzed. IRT with a graded response model was utilized to analyze items of the global TEIQue-SF scale. As was found in past research, the lowest response category in all items had extreme difficulty threshold parameter values, and only low and moderate levels of latent trait EI were adequately captured, but most items had good values of the discrimination parameters, indicating adequate item informativeness. Four items, which in past research have also shown weak psychometric properties, were poorly informative. To effectively measure trait EI in today’s organizations, there is an advantage in using the most informative items to best represent this construct. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2022
Keywords
Emotional intelligence; Item Response Theory; Swedish version; Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire
National Category
Applied Psychology Nursing Work Sciences
Research subject
Work Integrated Learning
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-18192 (URN)10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08884 (DOI)000767225100049 ()35198761 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85124159649 (Scopus ID)
Note

Supported by Kommunakademin Väst Fyrbodal (Community College West), and by a research environment at University West LINA (Learning In and For the New Working Life).

Available from: 2022-03-29 Created: 2022-03-29 Last updated: 2024-04-10
Dåderman, A. M. & Kajonius, P. (2022). Gärningsmannaprofilering: personlighetens betydelse för utförandet av brott. Lund: Studentlitteratur AB
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Gärningsmannaprofilering: personlighetens betydelse för utförandet av brott
2022 (Swedish)Book (Other academic)
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Lund: Studentlitteratur AB, 2022. p. 354
Keywords
Gärningsmannaprofilering
National Category
Applied Psychology Law and Society
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-19092 (URN)9789144127620 (ISBN)
Available from: 2022-08-31 Created: 2022-08-31 Last updated: 2022-08-31Bibliographically approved
Andersson, A., Kajonius, P. & Thorvaldsson, V. (2022). Testing the personality differentiation by intelligence hypothesis in a representative sample of Swedish hexagenerians. Journal of Research in Personality, 99, Article ID 104242.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Testing the personality differentiation by intelligence hypothesis in a representative sample of Swedish hexagenerians
2022 (English)In: Journal of Research in Personality, ISSN 0092-6566, E-ISSN 1095-7251, Vol. 99, article id 104242Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The Personality Differentiation by Intelligence Hypothesis (PDIH) predicts larger trait-variances, and smaller across-trait covariances for individuals with higher intelligence. We tested these predictions using multiple-group confirmatory factor analyses (MG-CFA), while controlling for the potential confound of systematic method variance related to reversed items using a correlated trait, correlated method (CTCM) approach. Participants between the ages of 62 and 68 completed measures of personality (Mini-IPIP: Donnellan et al., 2006) and intelligence (Raven APM-12: Arthur & Day, 1994). After establishing strict measurement invariance (MI), we found no support for larger variances, and only minor support for lower trait covariances as related to higher intelligence. Overall, the findings provide scant support for the PDIH when controlling for systematic method variance.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Academic Press, 2022
Keywords
Personality Differentiation by Intelligence; MG-CFA; Big Five; Intelligence
National Category
Psychology (excluding Applied Psychology)
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-19211 (URN)10.1016/j.jrp.2022.104242 (DOI)000813345000004 ()2-s2.0-85130602533 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Swedish Research Council, Dnr: 2013-2291Forte, Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare, AGECAP, 2013-2300Riksbankens Jubileumsfond, RJ P21-0112
Note

The analyses were based on data from the research project HEARTS at the University of Gothenburg, financed by the Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare (FORTE; Dnr: 2013-2291). Work on this paper was supported by grants from FORTE to the Centre of Ageing and Health (AGECAP, 2013-2300), Riksbankens Jubileumsfond (RJ P21-0112), and from the Swedish Research Council (VR) for the National E-Infrastructure for Ageing Research (NEAR).

Available from: 2022-09-26 Created: 2022-09-26 Last updated: 2023-08-28
Kazemi, A. & Kajonius, P. (2021). Assessing person-centred care: An item response theory approach.. International Journal of Older People Nursing, 16(1), 1-15, Article ID e12352.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Assessing person-centred care: An item response theory approach.
2021 (English)In: International Journal of Older People Nursing, ISSN 1748-3735, E-ISSN 1748-3743, Vol. 16, no 1, p. 1-15, article id e12352Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Given recent advances in psychometric assessment, there is a need for assessment studies using modern test theory in the field of person-centred care, mainly due to the dominant use of analytical strategies based on classical test theory. The main objective of the present study was thus to examine whether selected items from commonly used instruments of person-centred care were able to differentiate between respondents with a reasonably even level of measurement precision across different regions of the construct range using item response theory (IRT).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A Swedish sample of care staff in elderly care (N = 1342) completed a survey including a selection of items from three previously validated measures of person-centred care.

RESULTS: All questionnaire items were submitted to IRT analyses to examine the extent to which the items produced information on the underlying construct. The items exhibited different levels of information. However, in general, for those items exhibiting some information, the pattern of information across the trait range was similar for most of them, that is, the items discriminated better in the lower levels of person-centredness.

DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Item response theory analyses are instrumental in creating shorter measurement instruments that may perform nearly as well as the original longer instruments. Given time and other resource constraints in questionnaire administration, there is a gain in only including the most informative items which efficiently and evenly tap the underlying construct along its entire range and in the context of person-centred care assessment this study was an initial step towards this goal. Thus, a set of ten items with satisfactory levels of psychometric quality, that is relatively high information levels across a relatively broad range of the underlying construct, is proposed.

Keywords
elderly care, individualized care, item response theory, personalized care, person-centred care, psychometrics, quality of care
National Category
Applied Psychology Nursing
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-16016 (URN)10.1111/opn.12352 (DOI)000594451900001 ()33111487 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85094191681 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Forte, Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare, 2012‐1200
Available from: 2020-11-16 Created: 2020-11-16 Last updated: 2022-03-18Bibliographically approved
Kazemi, A. & Kajonius, P. (2021). Understanding client satisfaction in elderly care: new insights from social resource theory. European Journal of Ageing, 18, 417-425
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Understanding client satisfaction in elderly care: new insights from social resource theory
2021 (English)In: European Journal of Ageing, ISSN 1613-9372, E-ISSN 1613-9380, Vol. 18, p. 417-425Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Social resource theory suggests that social interaction can be conceived as resource transaction or exchange with behaviours falling within six fundamental resource categories (i.e. love, status, information, money, goods, and services) organised along two underlying dimensions: particularism–universalism and concreteness–abstractness. With the purpose of extending knowledge about quality of care, this study adopts a novel approach in that it describes and categorises care behaviours using social resource theory instead of using single instances of care behaviour. The categorisation is further used to predict client satisfaction in care services targeting older people. Daily interactions between care staff and older persons were observed in two different residential care facilities using a structured non-participant observation design. The data were analysed using principal component analysis, correlation, and regression analysis. The results confirmed the hypothesis that satisfaction with care services is predicted by resource transactions that are high on the underlying dimensions of particularism and abstractness. Thus, the resource categories of love and status (resource categories high on particularism and abstractness) were shown to be strong predictors of client satisfaction. The use of social resource theory is a novel and appropriate approach to examine person-centred care and satisfaction with care. Also, in addition to addressing potential problems in previous self-report studies on care staff behaviour, the observational technique was highly practical to this service area where dealing with clients not always able to provide feedback directly. 

Keywords
Social resource theory, Resource theory of social exchange, Person-centred care, Elderly care, Quality of care, Nurse–client interaction, Socioemotional resources
National Category
Psychology (excluding Applied Psychology) Nursing
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-16093 (URN)10.1007/s10433-020-00591-6 (DOI)000591126700001 ()2-s2.0-85096400601 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Forte, Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare, 2012-1200
Available from: 2020-12-01 Created: 2020-12-01 Last updated: 2022-03-31Bibliographically approved
Kajonius, P. & Björkman, T. (2020). Dark malevolent traits and everyday perceived stress. Current Psychology, 39(6), 2351-2356
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Dark malevolent traits and everyday perceived stress
2020 (English)In: Current Psychology, ISSN 1046-1310, E-ISSN 1936-4733, Vol. 39, no 6, p. 2351-2356Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Stress is a factor that greatly impacts our lives. Previous research has examined individual differences in relation to stress. However, research regarding malevolent personality traits in relation to how stress is perceived is limited. The purpose of the present study was to investigate relationships between dark malevolent personality traits; psychopathy (EPA), Machiavellianism (MACH-IV), vulnerable narcissism (HSNS), grandiose narcissism (NPI-13), and perceived stress (PSS-10) in a community sample (N = 346). The results showed a strong positive relationship between vulnerable narcissism and perceived stress, while grandiose narcissism and psychopathy showed a small negative relationship with perceived stress. The discussion centers on that narcissism should be treated as two separate traits, and that psychopathy and Machiavellianism overlap in relation to the experience of stress in everyday life.

Keywords
Dark triad, Stress, Personality
National Category
Psychology Applied Psychology
Research subject
SOCIAL SCIENCE, Psychology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-12950 (URN)10.1007/s12144-018-9948-x (DOI)000584380400047 ()2-s2.0-85051428745 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2018-09-27 Created: 2018-09-27 Last updated: 2020-11-17Bibliographically approved
Kajonius, P. & Eldblom, H. (2020). Facial Width-to-Height Ratio as a Cue of Threat: An Initial Event-Related Potential Study. International Journal of Psychological and Brain Sciences, 5(1), 1-4
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Facial Width-to-Height Ratio as a Cue of Threat: An Initial Event-Related Potential Study
2020 (English)In: International Journal of Psychological and Brain Sciences, ISSN 2575-1573, Vol. 5, no 1, p. 1-4Article in journal (Other academic) Published
Abstract [en]

The background for the present study is that facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR) is suggested to function as an evolutionary cue for threatening behavior such as perceived aggression. With a novel approach, in this pilot study, we explored whether fWHR can be detected in observers brain responses measured by event-related potentials (ERP), specifically, the Late Positive Potential (LPP) component (400-3000ms after stimuli onset). The hypothesis was that faces with a high fWHR would elicit a larger LPP amplitude than faces with a low fWHR. The results showed that faces with high fWHRs were indeed perceived as more aggressive and elicited significantly greater LPP amplitudes. The conclusion lends initial support to fWHR serving as a facial cue with evolutionary relevance. We caution that future full-length studies need to take the current small-scale study's limitations into consideration.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
SciencePG, 2020
National Category
Neurosciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-15011 (URN)10.11648/j.ijpbs.20200501.11 (DOI)
Available from: 2020-02-24 Created: 2020-02-24 Last updated: 2024-04-25
Organisations
Identifiers
ORCID iD: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0003-0629-353X

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