In this study we reviewed scientific papers which measured the effect of collaboration exercises in terms of learning and usefulness. The question to be answered was: Do collaboration exercises contribute to learning that is useful in actual emergency work? The point of departure was the perception that exercises improve handling logic and actions that increase security and safety in the community. However, the organizations involved in emergencies are regarded as inflexible, conservative, and non-collaborative. Data was collected in three steps. In the first step, studies of collaboration exercises in a crisis context were selected. In the next step, studies focused on the outcome of collaboration exercises in terms of learning and usefulness were identified. Out of 564 articles, seven were selected. The data from all included articles was collected by a common questionnaire in the included studies. The instrument measured learning and usefulness on a 5-point Likert scale, from strongly disagree to strongly agree. A total of 477 participants responded to the surveys. The mean within the learning dimension was 3.54 (SD = 0.62), and the mean within the usefulness dimension was 3.64 (SD = 0.65). The results showed that a developed type of exercise that included room for seminars resulted in a higher degree of learning and usefulness than the rest of the exercises studied.

Previous research and theory suggests that frontline workers adapt to workload-related stress in a number of ways, interacting towards or away from citizens, or even against citizens, but what are the actual practices of coping, and how is coping related to stress? The data comes from a web-survey sent to 990 public sector frontline workers in West Sweden during 2018 within the police, health care psychiatry, and social work organizations. The findings show that there are significant differences in stress: highest average level among social workers, followed by police officers, and heath care psychiatry. Four ways of moving towards clients – through prioritizing motivated clients, rule bending/breaking, instrumental action, or using personal resources – and three ways of moving away from clients – through aggression, by rationing, or routinizing – are revealed (H1). Prioritizing and aggression are most common within the police, rule bending/breaking and routinizing in social work, and instrumental action within health care (H2), but only instrumental action does not significantly increase stress, on top of individual characteristics and organizational demands and resources (H3).

OBJECTIVE: To examine the impact of a simulation training in raising a group of young students' personal and situational awareness in disasters and emergencies.

METHODS: In total, 25 young students participated in two simulation scenarios representing two actual events, fire, and shooting, using a combination of two validated simulation training (Emergency Management and Preparedness Training for Youth [EMPTY]). The changes in their knowledge and awareness were evaluated by using questionnaires and the whole simulation was evaluated by three independent observers and a reference group.

RESULTS: New concepts of emergency management, for example, evacuation, and barricading, could be trained in a safe environment. There was a significant increase in students' personal and situational awareness and their active engagement in the management of emergencies.

CONCLUSION: EMPTY could raise the youth basic knowledge and ability to understand the concept of preparedness by being mentally prepared, available for collaboration, gaining a higher confidence, understanding the physical and psychological consequences of a major incident and the importance of their own safety. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018; page 1 of 4).

An equal mix of organizational cultures is important for a successful implementation process. The aim of this study was to examine the implementation of a new working method in psychiatric hospital wards, representing different cultural characteristics. Descriptive quantitative data were collected at two hospitals (intervention and control). The results revealed one ward characterized by a mix of organizational cultures. This ward, compared with other intervention wards, showed the best results regarding patient assessed empowerment and participation. The result shows tentatively that organizational culture may have an impact on the implementation processes.

Den här studien handlar om interorganisatorisk samverkan inom vård och omsorg. Här studeras vilka strategier som första och andra linjens kommunala chefer använder för att få till stånd en fungerande samverkan. Hur ser hindren ut och vilka strategier och överväganden gör cheferna för att övervinna dem. Den fråga som därför behandlas i denna rapport är; vilka strategier an-vänder kommunala chefer inom vård och omsorg för att implementera samverkan? I studien har data samlats in genom att 21 chefer inom vård och omsorg intervjuats. De chefer som medverkat i studien har alla varit verksamma i kommuner som deltagit i det Nationella kommunforskningsprogrammet, vilka är Borås, Göteborg, Lund, Norrköping, Piteå, Sjöbo och Stockholm. I studien har tre centrala iakttagelser gjorts. Dessa handlar om; 1) att cheferna väljer en form av situationsanpassad strategi beroende på vad sam-verkan har för syfte och med vilka aktörer som samverkan ska genomföras, 2) att cheferna behöver hantera den upplevda intressekonflikten som finns mellan att ta ansvar för den "egna verksamheten" samtidigt som de förväntas ta ansvar för samverkan med andra organisationer och 3) att cheferna har svårt att hantera sitt chefsansvar vid samverkan. Samverkan där linjestyrningen utmanas eller kompletteras med horisontell styrning är lösare reglerad vilket kan leda till oklar ansvarsfördelning och diffus arbetsdelning. Här kan chefer behöva tillägna sig andra uttryck för att utöva sitt ledarskap då den traditionella chefsrollen inte är lika väl anpassad till styrning vid samverkans-situationer.

Team är populära, inte minst inom vård, behandling och omsorg.Trots att det börjar bli en väl etablerad företeelse tycks teamfortfarande stå för förnyelse och nytänkande. Teamarbete harsåledes kommit att få en allt viktigare roll.

I denna antologi behandlas frågor som: Varför uppstår team? Vadgör team nödvändiga? Vad är utmärkande för olika typer av team? Vad skapar väl fungerande team? Vilka effekter får teamarbete förverksamheten? Du som läsare bjuds på både kritiska betraktelser,utvecklingsspår och verktyg.

Boken vänder sig till studerande och forskare vid högskolor ochuniversitet samt till praktiskt verksamma inom vård-, behandlingsochomsorgsorganisationer. De olika kapitlen kan läsas friståendeoch ger var för sig en god bild av teamets funktion.

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Team i vård, behandling och omsorg förmedlar en unikinsikt och förståelse kring teamarbetes betydelse, funktionssätt och utmaningar baserad på omfattande och mångårig forskning. Boken förtjänar därför attanvändas inom alla utbildningar på högskolenivå som är inriktade mot vård- och omsorg.

Stefan Tengblad, professor i företagsekonomi

The aim of the current review wasto study the existing knowledge about decision-making and to identify and describe validated training tools.A comprehensive literature review was conducted by using the following keywords: decision-making, emergencies, disasters, crisis management, training, exercises, simulation, validated, real-time, command and control, communication, collaboration, and multi-disciplinary in combination or as an isolated word. Two validated training systems developed in Sweden, 3 level collaboration (3LC) and MacSim, were identified and studied in light of the literature review in order to identify how decision-making can be trained. The training models fulfilled six of the eight identified characteristics of training for decision-making.Based on the results, these training models contained methods suitable to train for decision-making.