Kvantitativ forskning inom psykologi och andra beteendevetenskaper är inspirerad av ett naturvetenskapligt sätt att förstå världen. Mätningar och insamling av sifferdata sker genom att frågor eller påståenden presenteras tillsammans med svarsalternativ som kan översättas till siffror. Insamlat siffermaterial analyseras med statistiska metoder vilket gör det möjligt att dra slutsatser om samband mellan variabler och skillnader mellan grupper. Boken tar främst upp enkäter som metod för insamling av data. Du får lära dig hur du lägger upp en enkätundersökning, hur du ställer de rätta frågorna och hur svaren ska analyseras. Du lär dig också om vanliga fallgropar vid kvantitativa undersökningar. Medelvärden, standardavvikelser, korrelationskoefficienter, enkel regressionsanalys och test av statistisk signifikans är några av de statistiska verktyg som tas upp och förklaras i boken. Metoderna förklaras och exemplifieras så att även läsare utan speciella matematiska förkunskaper lätt kan följa resonemangen och förstå de bakomliggande idéerna. En första bok om kvantitativa metoder kan användas som grundbok i kurser i kvantitativ forskningsmetod för psykologistuderande och andra beteendevetare.

Att oredlighet och fusk förekommer inom akademisk forskning är nu ingen nyhet. Men vi menar att blicken bör höjas över enskilda fall för att se vilka strukturella förhållanden som kan utgöra incitament för sådana beteenden, skriver Anders Persson universitetslektor i sociologi vid Högskolan Väst och Gunne Grankvist, docent i psykologi vid Högskolan Väst.

This study investigated whether endorsement of personal values is associated with willingness to pay more for mobile phones with an environmental or social sustainability label. Participants were students in Sweden, Norway and Germany. A self-report inventory was used to measure willingness to pay and the importance attached to values of Schwartz's circular model. In Sweden and Norway, participants were willing to pay, on average, 18% extra for a mobile phone with labels for environmental or social sustainability. In Germany, the corresponding share was 12%. To strive for self-enhancement values, that is, social status and prestige, as well as control and dominance over people and resources, was associated with a lower willingness to pay for mobile phones with labels for environmental or social sustainability in all three countries. Furthermore, women were willing to pay more than men for mobile phones with both kinds of sustainability labels. In Sweden and Norway, participants were, on average, willing to pay more for a mobile phone with a label for social sustainability compared to a mobile phone with a label for environmental sustainability. © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

Introduction: Lower health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is associated with fatigue, poor mental and poor gastrointestinal health during the first three months after colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment. Research indicates that maintaining usual activities has a positive impact on HRQoL after treatment for CRC. Illness perceptions have been associated with HRQoL in other cancer diseases, and self-efficacy has been associated with HRQoL in gastrointestinal cancer survivors. Our knowledge about illness perceptions and self-efficacy in relation to maintaining everyday activities and HRQoL following CRC treatment is incomplete. Aim: To explore associations between HRQoL, fatigue, mental health, gastrointestinal health, illness perceptions and self-efficacy in relation to maintaining everyday activities, three months after surgical CRC treatment. A further aim was to test the Maintain Function Scale in a CRC population. Method: The study was cross-sectional. Forty-six persons participated. Data were collected using questionnaires. Descriptive and analytical statistics were used. Results: Persons who were more fatigued, depressed, worried, and had more diarrhea were more likely to report lower HRQoL. Increased fatigue and diarrhea were associated with decreased HRQoL. Concerning illness perceptions, persons who reported negative emotions and negative consequences of CRC were more likely to report lower HRQoL. Persons scoring higher on self-efficacy were more likely to report higher HRQoL. Increased self-efficacy was associated with increased HRQoL. The Maintain Function Scale was suitable for assessing self-efficacy in relation to maintaining everyday activities. Conclusions: Nursing support to improve self-efficacy and illness perceptions and to minimize symptoms during recovery should have a favorable impact on HRQoL.

Dualists view the mind and the body as two fundamental different “things”, equally real and independent of each other. Cartesian thought, or substance dualism, maintains that the mind and body are two different substances, the non-physical and the physical, and a causal relationship is assumed to exist between them. Physicalism, on the other hand, is the idea that everything that exists is either physical or totally dependent of and determined by physical items. Hence, all mental states are fundamentally physical states. In the current study we investigated to what degree Swedish university students’ beliefs in mind-body dualism is explained by the importance they attach to personal values. A self-report inventory was used to measure their beliefs and values. Students who held stronger dualistic beliefs attach less importance to the power value (i.e., the effort to achieve social status, prestige, and control or dominance over people and resources). This finding shows that the strength in laypeople’s beliefs in dualism is partially explained by the importance they attach to personal values.

Human Resource Management students' beliefs about how work should be organised will influence their behaviour in future professional positions. This prompted a study in which students in a three-year programme in Human Resource Management at University West in Sweden commented on a number of statements about what work should ideally be like. All 140 respondents were born between 1978 and 1990 and hence belong to Generation Y, also known as Generation Me. The respondents generally agreed strongly with humanistic beliefs about work and female students agreed with humanistic beliefs to a far greater extent than male students.

This paper evaluates associations between values and preference for the Fairtrade concept andcompares the ecocentric and anthroprocentric views of Nature. The intention of Fairtrade productlabelling is to increase consumers' awareness of products that have a presumably more positiveinfluence on workers' lives in developing countries. The ecocentric view assumes that Nature hasan intrinsic value and should be preserved regardless of economic implications. The anthropocentricview, on the other hand, assumes Nature has value only because of the material, physical,or other benefits Nature provides humans. All respondents in the study were residents of Gestad, asmall town in a sparsely populated area of Sweden. Among the main results of the study was thatself-transcendence values (e.g., universalism and benevolence) were positively correlated with apreference for Fairtrade and ecocentrism, and negatively correlated with anthropocentrism. Conservationvalues (e.g., tradition and conformity) were positively correlated with anthropocentrism,and negatively correlated with a preference for Fairtrade. Another result was that women weremore positive than men towards Fairtrade and ecocentrism.